Biochemistry - Chemical Reactions in the Living Cell, Volume 2 - D. Metzler 1980
Enzymes: Cellular Protein Catalysts
Enzymes: Protein Catalysts of Cells
Fundamentals of Enzyme Kinetics
Enzymes: The Protein Catalysts of Cells
Enzymes: Protein Catalysts of Cells
Enzymes: The Protein Catalysts of Cells
Formation and Transformation of the ES Complex
Enzymes: Protein Catalysts of Cells
Linear Forms of Rate Equations
Diffusion and the Number of Active Collisions between Enzyme and Substrate
The "Cell Effect" and Molecular Rotation
Reversible Enzymatic Reactions
Reactions Involving Two or More Substrates
Enzymes: Protein Catalysts of the Cell
Enzymes: Protein Catalysts of Cells
Enzyme Inhibition and Activation
Noncompetitive Inhibition and Activation
Using Inhibitors to Study Mechanisms of Enzymatic Reactions
Enzymes: Protein Catalysts of the Cell
Enzymes: Protein Catalysts of Cells
Isotope Exchange at Equilibrium
Enzymes: Cellular Protein Catalysts
Allosteric Effectors and Enzyme Conformation Changes
Enzymes: Protein Catalysts of the Cell
Enzymes: The Protein Catalysts of Cells
Enzymes: Cellular Protein Catalysts
Enzyme Specificity
Complementarity of Substrate and Enzyme Surfaces
Enzymes: Protein Catalysts of Cells
Enzymes: Protein Catalysts of the Cell
Enzymes: Protein Catalysts of Cells
Mechanisms of Enzymatic Catalysis
Quantitative Transition State Theory
Transition-State Analogue Inhibitors
Enzymes: The Protein Catalysts of Cells
Enzymes: Protein Catalysts of Cells
Enzymes: Protein Catalysts of the Cell
Proximity and Orientation Effects
Enzymes: Cellular Protein Catalysts
Regulation of Enzymatic Activity
Enzymes: Protein Catalysts of the Cell
Genetic Control of Enzyme Synthesis
Enzymes: The Protein Catalysts of Cells
Spatial Compartmentalization: Isolated Compartments and Organized Assemblies
Enzymes: Protein Catalysts of the Cell
Enzymes: Protein Catalysts of Cells
Amplification of Regulatory Signals
Enzymes: Cellular Protein Catalysts
Enzymes: Protein Catalysts of Cells
Species Differences in Regulatory Mechanisms
Types of reactions catalyzed by enzymes
Brief overview of some metabolic pathways
Initiating reaction or activation of metabolites
A brief overview of selected metabolic pathways
Types of Enzyme-Catalyzed Reactions
A Brief Overview of Some Metabolic Pathways
Electron Transport Chain. Oxidative Phosphorylation
Types of reactions catalyzed by enzymes
A brief overview of selected metabolic pathways
A brief overview of certain metabolic pathways
Brief overview of some metabolic pathways
A brief overview of certain metabolic pathways
Brief overview of selected metabolic pathways
Types of enzyme-catalyzed reactions
Classification of enzymatic reactions
Types of reactions catalyzed by enzymes
Nucleophilic substitution reactions (Type 1 reactions)
Factors affecting the rates of substitution reactions
Nucleophilic substitution reactions at saturated carbon atoms
Types of enzyme-catalyzed reactions
Mechanism of double displacement reactions
Types of reactions catalyzed by enzymes
Other enzymes acting on glycosides
Substitution reactions at carbonyl groups
Types of enzyme-catalyzed reactions
Types of reactions catalyzed by enzymes
Involvement of metal ions in the action of proteinases: Carboxypeptidase A
Substitution at the phosphorus atom
Types of Reactions Catalyzed by Enzymes
Substitution at the Phosphorus Atom
Types of enzyme-catalyzed reactions
Substitution at the phosphorus atom
Pentavalent intermediates and permutational rearrangements in substitution at the phosphorus atom
Types of reactions catalyzed by enzymes
Micrococcal (staphylococcal) nuclease
Types of enzyme-catalyzed reactions
Nuclear relaxation induced by paramagnetic ions
Types of Reactions Catalyzed by Enzymes
Substitution at the Phosphorus Atom
Adenylyl Cyclase and Cyclic AMP
Types of reactions catalyzed by enzymes
Substitution at the phosphorus atom
Multiple displacement reactions and the coupling of ATP cleavage reactions with endergonic processes
Transfer of phosphate, pyrophosphate, and adenylyl groups from ATP
Types of enzyme-catalyzed reactions
Multiple displacement reactions and the coupling of ATP cleavage with endergonic processes
Types of reactions catalyzed by enzymes
Multiple displacement reactions and the coupling of ATP cleavage reactions with endergonic processes
General mechanism of formation of thioesters, esters, and amides
Multiple displacement reactions and coupling of ATP cleavage reactions with endergonic processes
Conformational changes induced by phosphorylation
Addition and elimination reactions
Addition to polarized double bonds (Type 2.A reaction, Table 7-1)
Types of Reactions Catalyzed by Enzymes
Addition and Elimination Reactions
Stereochemistry and Designation of Faces of Trigonal Carbon Atoms
Types of reactions catalyzed by enzymes
Addition and elimination reactions
Addition to a double bond conjugated with a carbonyl group (Type 2.B reactions)
Types of Enzyme-Catalyzed Reactions
Addition and Elimination Reactions
Addition to double bonds adjacent to carboxyl groups
Types of Reactions Catalyzed by Enzymes
Addition to Isolated Double Bonds
Types of reactions catalyzed by enzymes
Addition and elimination reactions
Types of Reactions Catalyzed by Enzymes
Addition and Elimination Reactions
Decarboxylation-Coupled Elimination
Types of reactions catalyzed by enzymes
Addition and elimination reactions
Reversibility of addition and elimination reactions
Types of Reactions Catalyzed by Enzymes
Enolic Intermediates in Isomerization Reactions
Types of reactions catalyzed by enzymes
Enolic intermediates in isomerization reactions
Diffusion-controlled proton transfer
Types of Enzyme-Catalyzed Reactions
Enolic Intermediates in Isomerization Reactions
Ring Opening Catalyzed by Isomerases
Types of reactions catalyzed by enzymes
Enolic intermediates in isomerization reactions
Other sugar phosphate isomerases
Types of enzyme-catalyzed reactions
∆5-3-Ketosteroid isomerase and other enzymes catalyzing 1,3-proton migration
Types of Enzyme-Catalyzed Reactions
Enolic Intermediates in Isomerization Reactions
Internal Oxidation-Reduction Reactions Proceeding via Dehydration to Enol or Enol Phosphate
Types of Reactions Catalyzed by Enzymes
Substitution at the Carbonyl Group (Type 5.A Reactions)
Types of reactions catalyzed by enzymes
ß-Cleavage and condensation
Addition of an enolate anion to a carbonyl group or to imines (type 5.B reactions)
Types of Reactions Catalyzed by Enzymes
ß-Cleavage and Condensation
Addition of an enolate ion to carbon dioxide (Type 5.B reaction and its reverse)
Types of enzyme-catalyzed reactions
Selected isomerization and rearrangement reactions
Types of reactions catalyzed by enzymes
Coenzymes - specific natural specialized reagents
Coenzymes - specialized natural reagents
Coenzymes — specialized natural reagents
Coenzyme A and Phosphopantetheine
Coenzymes — special naturally occurring specialized reagents
Coenzyme A and phosphopantetheine
Structure and function of coenzyme A
Acyl carrier proteins and phosphopantetheine
Coenzymes: Specialized Natural Reagents
Bound biotin acting as a prosthetic group
Coenzymes: specialized natural reagents
Other properties of biotin-dependent enzymes
Coenzymes are specialized natural reagents
Coenzymes: Specialized Natural Reagents
Bound Biotin Acting as a Prosthetic Group
Attachment of Biotin to Apoenzymes
Coenzymes – specialized natural reagents
Coenzymes - special natural specialized reagents
Coenzymes — specialized natural reagents
Enzymatic reactions involving thiamine
Coenzymes - specialized natural reagents
The role of thiamine coenzymes in nerve cell function
Coenzymes: specialized natural reagents
Coenzymes are specialized natural reagents of a unique kind.
Pyridoxal phosphate as a catalyst
The primary function of pyridoxal phosphate
Coenzymes - special natural specialized reagents
Pyridoxamine phosphate in the role of coenzyme
Coenzymes — special naturally occurring specialized reagents
Stereochemistry of PLP-dependent enzymes
Coenzymes – specialized natural reagents of a distinct kind
Observed changes in the optical properties of the coenzyme
Coenzymes are specialized natural reagents of a unique type.
Elucidating a detailed picture of the mechanism of a PLP-dependent enzyme
Coenzymes - specialized natural reagents
Keto acids and other unusual electrophilic centers
Coenzymes – specialized natural reagents
Coenzymes - specialized natural reagents
Coenzymes – specialized natural reagents of a unique kind
Coenzymes - specialized natural reagents
Histidine and phenylalanine deaminases (ammonia-lyases)
Coenzymes: specialized natural reagents
Coenzymes – unique, specialized natural reagents
Pyridine nucleotide coenzymes and dehydrogenases
Coenzymes are specialized natural reagents of a unique kind.
Coenzymes: specialized natural reagents
Coenzymes – specialized natural reagents
Conformational changes accompanying the catalytic action of dehydrogenases
Coenzymes — special naturally occurring specialized reagents
Coenzymes - special naturally occurring specialized reagents
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and ATP formation in fermentation reactions
Coenzymes - specialized natural reagents of a distinct kind
Coenzymes – specialized natural reagents
Some unusual chemical properties of pyridine nucleotides
Coenzymes - specialized natural reagents
Analogues of pyridine nucleotides
Coenzymes: specific, naturally occurring specialized reagents
Coenzymes - specialized natural reagents
Flavin coenzymes
Flavoproteins and their redox potentials
Coenzymes — specialized naturally occurring reagents
Typical dehydrogenation reactions catalyzed by flavoproteins
Coenzymes – special natural specialized reagents
Covalently bound and other modified flavin coenzymes
Coenzymes — special naturally occurring specialized reagents
Flavin Coenzymes
Mechanism of Action of Flavin Dehydrogenases
Coenzymes - special natural specialized reagents
Flavin coenzymes
Coenzymes - specialized natural reagents
Metal-flavin complexes and metalloflavoproteins
Reactions of reduced flavins with oxygen
Coenzymes - special natural specialized reagents
Coenzymes - specialized natural reagents of a distinct type
Lipoic acid and oxidative decarboxylation of α-keto acids
Coenzymes - specialized natural reagents
Lipoic acid and the oxidative decarboxylation of α-keto acids
Chemical reactions involving lipoic acid
Coenzymes: Specialized Natural Reagents
Lipoic Acid and Oxidative Decarboxylation of α-Keto Acids
Coenzymes - specialized natural reagents
Lipoic acid and oxidative decarboxylation of α-keto acids
Pyruvate : ferredoxin oxidoreductase
Oxidative decarboxylation by hydrogen peroxide
Coenzymes: Specialized Natural Reagents
Lipoic Acid and the Oxidative Decarboxylation of α-Keto Acids
Pyruvate-Formate-Lyase Reaction
Cleavage of α-Keto Acids and Substrate-Level Phosphorylation
Coenzymes - specialized natural reagents
Tetrahydrofolic acid and other pterin coenzymes
Coenzymes — special naturally occurring specialized reagents
Coenzymes: Specialized Natural Reagents
Tetrahydrofolic Acid and Other Pterin Coenzymes
Coenzymes - specialized natural reagents of a distinct type
Tetrahydrofolic acid and other pterin coenzymes
Single-carbon groups and compounds in metabolic processes
Coenzymes are specialized natural reagents
Reduction of cyanocobalamin and synthesis of alkylcobalamins
Coenzymes: Specialized Natural Reagents
Coenzyme Forms of Vitamin B12
Three Reactions of Non-Enzymatic Cleavage of Vitamin B12 Coenzyme Forms
Coenzymes: specific natural specialized reagents
Coenzyme forms of vitamin B12
Enzymatic functions of B12 coenzymes
Coenzymes - specialized natural reagents
Coenzymes are specialized natural reagents of a unique kind.
Coenzymes – unique specialized natural reagents
Stereochemistry of the action of vitamin B12-dependent enzymes
Coenzymes: specialized natural reagents of unique function
Methyl group transfer reactions
Coenzymes: specialized natural reagents
Coenzymes: Special Natural Specialized Reagents
Organization of Metabolism: Catabolic Pathways
Oxidation of Saturated Hydrocarbons
Oxidation of Unsaturated Fatty Acids
Carnitine and Mitochondrial Permeability
The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle
An Efficient Pathway for Cleaving Strong Bonds
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle
Synthesis of the Regenerating Substrate Oxaloacetate
General Properties of Catalytic Cycles
The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle
Catabolism of Intermediates of the Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle
Oxidation Pathways Linked to the Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle
Oxidation Pathways Associated with the Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle
Oxidation of oxalate to CO2 via formate
Catabolism of Propionyl-CoA and Propionate
Catabolic Pathways Involving the Formation of Malonate Semialdehyde
The Methylmalonyl Pathway of Propionate Utilization
Catabolism of Sugars
ATP Generation Coupled to Substrate Oxidation
Carbohydrate Catabolism
Fermentation: "Life Without Oxygen"
Fermentation Based on the Embden-Meyerhof Pathway
Butyric Acid and Butanol Fermentation
Fermentation of Ethanol and Acetate to Butyrate and Caproate
Fermentation Based on the Phosphogluconate and Pentose Phosphate Pathways
How electrons meet oxygen, how ATP is generated in the process, and other related phenomena
Hemoproteins
How electrons meet oxygen, how ATP is formed in the process, and some related phenomena
How electrons meet oxygen, how ATP is generated in the process, and other related phenomena.
How electrons encounter oxygen, how ATP is generated in the process, and related phenomena.
How electrons meet oxygen, how ATP is generated in the process, and related phenomena
How electrons meet oxygen, how ATP is formed in the process, and some related phenomena
On how electrons meet oxygen, how ATP is generated in the process, and on several related phenomena
How electrons meet oxygen, how ATP is generated in the process, and some related phenomena
Electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation
How electrons meet oxygen, how ATP is formed in the process, and other related phenomena.
Electron Transport Chain and Oxidative Phosphorylation
Chemical Activity of Mitochondria
How electrons meet oxygen, how ATP is generated in the process, and related phenomena
Electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation
Sequence of electron carrier function
How electrons meet oxygen, how ATP is formed in the process, and some related phenomena
Electron Transport Chain and Oxidative Phosphorylation
Stoichiometry and Sites of Oxidative Phosphorylation
Respiratory Control, Uncoupling, and Exchange Reactions
How electrons meet oxygen, how ATP is generated in the process, and some related phenomena
Thermodynamics and "Reverse Electron Flow"
On how electrons meet oxygen, how ATR is generated in the process, and some related phenomena
Electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation
Reconstitution of phosphorylating particles
On how electrons meet oxygen, how ATR is formed in the process, and some related phenomena
Theories of oxidative phosphorylation and model experiments
Energy-dependent processes in mitochondria
On how electrons meet oxygen, how ATR is generated in the process, and some related phenomena
Transport across mitochondrial membranes
Utilization of energy from inorganic reactions
How electrons meet oxygen, how ATP is generated in the process, and other related phenomena
Reduced inorganic compounds as respiratory substrates
How electrons meet oxygen, how ATP is formed in the process, and some related phenomena
Utilization of the energy of inorganic reactions
How electrons encounter oxygen, how ATP is generated in the process, and some related phenomena
How electrons meet oxygen, how ATP is formed in the process, and related phenomena
How electrons encounter oxygen, how ATP is formed in the process, and related phenomena.
How electrons encounter oxygen, how ATP is generated in the process, and related phenomena.
Biosynthesis: How New Molecules Are Formed
Metabolic Loops and Biosynthetic Families
Metabolic loops and biosynthetic families
Key intermediates and biosynthetic families
Biosynthesis; how new molecules are formed
Utilization of ATP energy
Biosynthesis: how new molecules are formed
Biosynthesis: How New Molecules Are Formed
Utilization of ATP Energy
Coupling of phosphorylation with sequential phosphatase cleavage
Carboxylation and Decarboxylation; Fatty Acid Synthesis
The Role of Reducing Agents in Biosynthetic Reactions
Reversal of the Oxidative Phase by a Strong Reducing Agent
Biosynthesis; how new molecules are formed
The role of reducing agents in biosynthetic reactions
Biosynthesis: How New Molecules Are Formed
The Role of Reducing Agents in Biosynthetic Reactions
Regulation of the Reducing Capacity of Systems Containing NAD and NADP
Biosynthesis: how new molecules are formed
The role of reducing agents in biosynthetic reactions
Reduced ferredoxin in reductive biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of monomers
The role of carbonyl groups in chain formation and cleavage
Biosynthesis: How New Molecules Are Formed
Biosynthesis of Monomers
Biosynthesis; how new molecules are formed
Biosynthesis of monomers
Biosynthesis from formate, formaldehyde, and methanol
Biosynthesis of glucose (gluconeogenesis)
Biosynthesis: How New Molecules Are Formed
Biosynthesis of Monomers
Construction of Hydrocarbon Chains from Two-Carbon Units
Keto acid chains. The elongation process
Decarboxylation as a Driving Force in Biosynthesis
Stabilization and Termination of Chain Growth via Cyclization
Polymer Biosynthesis and Modification
Characteristic Features of Biosynthesis
Biosynthesis; how new molecules are formed
Biosynthesis of polymers and their modification
Irreversible modification and catabolism of polymers
Polymer biosynthesis and modification
Hydroxylation and other modifications of connective tissue proteins
Biosynthesis: How New Molecules Are Formed
Regulation of Biosynthetic Processes
An Overview of Cellular Metabolism
Biosynthesis: how new molecules are formed
Regulation of biosynthetic processes
Synthesis and catabolism of glycogen
Biosynthesis: How New Molecules Are Formed
Regulation of Biosynthetic Processes
Phosphofructokinase: A Key Regulatory Enzyme
Biosynthesis; how new molecules are formed
Selected pathways of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism
Interconversions of monosaccharides
Biosynthesis: How New Molecules Are Formed
Selected Pathways of Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism
Selected pathways of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism
Interconversions of nucleotide sugars
Biosynthesis: how new molecules are formed
Certain specific pathways of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism
Inositol and D-glucuronic acid
Biosynthesis: How New Molecules Are Formed
Selected pathways of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism
Transformations of fructose-6-phosphate
Synthesis and Utilization of Oligosaccharides
Polysaccharide Synthesis
Chain Elongation via Insertion
Biosynthesis: how new molecules are formed
Polysaccharide synthesis
Biosynthesis: How New Molecules Are Formed
Polysaccharide Synthesis
Intracellular Degradation of Polysaccharides and Glycolipids
Biosynthesis; how new molecules are formed
Intracellular degradation of polysaccharides and glycolipids
Biosynthesis: How New Molecules Are Formed
Intracellular Degradation of Polysaccharides and Glycolipids
Can Lysosomal Storage Diseases Be Cured?
Special Aspects of Fatty Acid Metabolism
Biosynthesis; how new molecules are formed
Special aspects of fatty acid metabolism
Unsaturated fatty acids and their transformation products
Biosynthesis: How New Molecules Are Formed
Biosynthesis; how new molecules are formed
Metabolism of triglycerides, phospholipids, and glycolipids
Regulation of triglyceride metabolism
Synthesis of phospholipids and glycolipids
Biosynthesis: How New Molecules Are Formed
Metabolism of Triglycerides, Phospholipids, and Glycolipids
Biosynthesis: how new molecules are formed
Metabolism of triglycerides, phospholipids, and glycolipids
Biosynthesis: How New Molecules Are Formed
Biosynthesis; how new molecules are formed
Polyprenyl (isoprenoid) compounds
Biosynthesis: How New Molecules Are Formed
Polyprenyl (Isoprenoid) Compounds
Polypretyl (Isoprenoid) Compounds
Formation of Symmetrical Terpenes, Squalene, and Phytoene
Polyprenyl (Isoprenoid) Compounds
Carotenes and Their Derivatives
Biosynthesis; how new molecules are formed
Biosynthesis: How New Molecules Are Formed
Steroid Compounds
Biosynthesis: how new molecules are formed
Steroid compounds