Head Anatomy - V.Z. Sikora 2007
Test Questions
a. Following rescue from under rubble, a victim presents with altered consciousness, numerous subcutaneous hemorrhages on the HEAD and Neck, and minor facial lacerations. There is a scalp wound in the posterosuperior region of the head and a sharp deformation of the head contours. Which bones are likely to be damaged?
A. Parietal and occipital bones.
B. Sphenoid bone and Mandible.
C. Frontal and nasal bones.
D. Temporal bone and Maxilla.
E. Zygomatic and lacrimal bones.
b. An eye injury resulted in suppurative inflammation of the soft Tissues of the Orbit. Through which Anatomical Structure can the purulent process spread into the middle cranial fossa?
A. Through the superior orbital fissure.
B. Through the anterior ethmoidal foramen.
C. Through the posterior ethmoidal foramen.
D. Through the inferior orbital fissure.
E. Through the zygomaticoorbital foramen.
c. A patient has frontal sinusitis. The medical history reveals a prior maxillary sinus infection. Through which part of the Nasal cavity could the infection have spread to the frontal sinus?
A. From the middle nasal meatus.
B. From the superior nasal meatus.
C. From the inferior nasal meatus.
D. From the Vestibule of the nasal cavity.
E. From the sphenoethmoidal recess.
d. Due to a pituitary tumor, X-ray Examination revealed destruction and enlargement of the hypophyseal fossa (sella turcica). Which bone cavity is thereby affected?
A. Sphenoidal sinus.
B. Carotid canal.
C. Optic canal.
D. Tympanic cavity.
E. Facial canal.
e. The physician predicts the possibility of orbital cellulitis in the case of purulent inflammation in the region of the infraorbital foramen. Through which of the structures can the infection spread?
A. Canalis infraorbitalis.
B. Canalis pterigoideus.
C. Canalis nasolacrimalis.
D. Canalis incisivus.
E. Fissura orbitalis inferior.
f. A patient with maxillary sinusitis has an impaired connection between the maxillary
paranasal sinus and the middle nasal meatus. Which anatomical structure normally ensures airflow from the nasal meatus into the maxillary sinus?
A. Hiatus semilunaris.
B. Infundibulum ethmoidale.
C. Foramina ethmoidalia.
D. Recessus sphenopalatinus.
E. Canalis nasolacrimalis.
g. A child was admitted to the ENT department of a clinical hospital with a Diagnosis of purulent otitis media. The disease began with inflammation of the nasopharynx. It was established that the infection entered the tympanic cavity via the auditory tube, which is located in the:
A. Canalis musculotubarius.
B. Canaliculus tympanicus.
C. Canalis caroticus.
D. Canaliculus chordae tympani.
E. Canaliculi carotiсо-tympanici.
h. Due to a pituitary tumor, X-ray examination revealed destruction and enlargement of the hypophyseal fossa of the sella turcica. Which bone cavity is thereby affected?
A. Sphenoid sinus.
B. Carotid canal.
C. Optic canal.
D. Tympanic cavity.
E. Facial canal.
i. A patient was admitted to the clinic whose examination of the nasal cavity revealed an accumulation of pus in the inferior nasal meatus. Where is the pus coming from?
A. Nasolacrimal ducts.
B. Maxillary sinus.
C. Frontal sinus.
D. Sphenoid sinus.
E. Ethmoid sinus.
j. The patient complains of a headache and nasal congestion.
X-ray examination confirmed the diagnosis of frontal sinusitis (inflammation of the frontal sinus). In which nasal meatus can purulent discharge be observed during a nasal cavity examination?
A. Middle.
B. Superior.
C. Inferior.
D. Common.
E. Above the superior nasal concha.
k. Following a traumatic Brain injury and subsequent X-ray examination, a fracture of the cranial base was detected. The fracture line passes through the foramen spinosum and foramen rotundum. Which bone was damaged As a result of the trauma?
A. Sphenoid.
B. Temporal.
C. Ethmoid.
D. Frontal.
E. Occipital.
l. A patient was admitted to the clinic with a head injury. X-ray examination revealed a fracture of the cranial base in the region of the hypoglossal canal. Which cranial bone is damaged?
A. Occipital.
B. Temporal.
C. Parietal.
D. Sphenoid.
E. Frontal.
m. During an examination, an ENT specialist diagnosed maxillary sinusitis. In which nasal meatus was pus detected during rhinoscopy?
A. In the middle.
B. In the upper.
C. In the lower.
D. In general.
E. In the highest.
n. Following an eye injury, suppuration of the soft tissues of the orbit developed. Through which anatomical structure can the purulent process spread into the pterygopalatine fossa?
A. Through the inferior orbital fissure.
B. Through the foramen rotundum.
C. Through the sphenopalatine foramen.
D. Through the superior orbital fissure.
E. Through the zygomaticoorbital foramen.
o. A 28-year-old patient was diagnosed with an acute inflammatory process of the nasolacrimal duct mucosa. The Anamnesis reveals that nasal discharge persisted for 10 days following Influenza. From which part of the nasal cavity could the infection have penetrated into the nasolacrimal duct?
A. From the inferior nasal meatus.
B. From the middle nasal meatus.
C. From the superior nasal meatus.
D. From the nasal vestibule.
E. From the frontal sinus.
p. As a result of a head trauma, the right occipital condyle of the victim was damaged. Which STRUCTURE OF THE Occipital bone has been injured?
A. Lateral part.
B. Occipital squama.
C. Basilar part.
D. Jugular process.
E. Foramen magnum.
q. Radiological examination revealed opacification in the right maxillary sinus, indicating the presence of pus. Into which nasal meatus will the pathological fluid discharge?
A. Into the right middle nasal meatus.
B. Into the right inferior nasal meatus.
C. Into земля superior nasal meatus.
D. Into the right common nasal meatus.
E. Into the right supreme nasal meatus.
r. A patient presents with complications of rhinitis. X-ray examination reveals an accumulation of pus in the left maxillary sinus. Into which nasal meatus does the pus drain?
A. Into the left middle nasal meatus.
B. Into the right inferior nasal meatus.
C. Into the right superior nasal meatus.
D. Into the right common nasal meatus.
E. Into the right nasopharyngeal meatus.
s. A patient complains of headache and difficulty breathing. An X-ray confirmed the diagnosis of frontitis (inflammation of the frontal sinus). In which nasal meatus can purulent discharge be observed upon nasal cavity examination?
A. Middle nasal meatus.
B. Superior nasal meatus.
C. Inferior nasal meatus.
D. Common nasal meatus.
E. Above the superior nasal concha.
t. A newborn infant has a median cleft defect of the jaw. The failure of fusion of which processes led to this developmental anomaly?
A. Mandibular.
B. Maxillary.
C. Palatine.
D. Frontal.
E. Zygomatic.
u. A patient has purulent inflammation of the sphenoid sinus. Into which part of the nasal cavity does the pus drain?
A. Meatus nasi superior.
B. Meatus nasi communis.
C. Meatus nasi medius.
D. Meatus nasi inferior.
v. A patient was hospitalized for the correction of a deviated nasal septum. Which bones are subject to correction in this case?
A. Vomer and perpendicular plate of the Ethmoid bone.
B. Perpendicular plate of the Palatine bone and vomer.
C. Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone and Inferior nasal concha.
D. Nasal bone and perpendicular plate of the palatine bone.
E. Horizontal plate of the palatine bone and vomer.
w. A 35-year-old patient came to the emergency department complaining of a runny Nose and headache for 5 days. Following an examination, he was diagnosed with maxillary sinusitis (inflammation of the maxillary sinus). Through which nasal meatus did the infection spread there?
A. Middle.
B. Superior.
C. Inferior.
D. Common.
E. Nasopharyngeal.
X. A 25-year-old patient came to the emergency department complaining of a runny nose and headache for 4 days. Following an examination, he was diagnosed with frontal sinusitis. Through which nasal meatus did the infection enter the frontal sinus?
A. Middle.
B. Superior.
C. Inferior.
D. Common.
E. Nasopharyngeal.
y. A 35-year-old patient consulted a doctor complaining of severe rhinitis and loss of smell for a week. Upon examination, a large amount of mucus was found in the nasal cavity, covering the mucous membrane and blocking olfactory receptors. Where in the nasal cavity are these receptors located?
A. Superior nasal concha.
B. Middle nasal concha.
C. Inferior nasal concha.
D. Common nasal meatus.
E. Nasal vestibule.
z. A patient with chronic inflammation of the nasal mucosa developed symptoms of maxillary sinus involvement (maxillary sinusitis). Through which Water/140.html">Anatomical structure of the nasal cavity did the infection spread?
A. Maxillary hiatus.
B. Ethmoidal infundibulum.
C. Sphenopalatine foramen.
D. Sphenoethmoidal recess.
E. Ethmoidal Cells.
aa. Examination of a patient revealed an abscess of the pterygopalatine fossa. Where can the infection spread if medical care is delayed?
A. Into the orbit.
B. Into the interpterygoid space.
C. Into the frontal sinus.
D. Into the subaponeurotic temporal space.
E. Into the tympanic cavity.
bb. Following an acute respiratory infection, a female patient experiences difficult nasal breathing, fever, headache, lacrimation, and tenderness upon Palpation in the right fossa canina. Inflammation of which sinus has complicated the disease?
A. Sinus maxillaris dexter.
B. Sinus frontalis dexter.
C. Sinus shenoidalis dexter.
D. Cellulae ethmoidales anteriores.
E. Cellulae ethmoidales posteriores.
cc. A 3-year-old child was admitted to the children's hospital. Examination revealed failure of the anterior fontanelle to close. At what age does its closure normally occur?
A. During the first year of life.
B. At 4 - 6 months of age.
C. At 2 - 3 months of age.
D. During the second year of life.
E. During the third year of life.
dd. A young child sustained a trauma to the anterior fontanelle during a fall. Which type of Skull bone junction has undergone pathological changes?
A. Syndesmosis.
B. Synchondrosis.
C. Synostosis.
D. Syssarcosis.
E. Hemiarthrosis.
ee. A patient is unable to elevate a lowered mandible. Which Muscles fail to function properly in this case?
B. Facial muscles.
C. Orbicularis oris Muscle.
D. Muscles of the Tongue.
E. Levator anguli oris muscle.
ff. A 30-year-old man consulted a dentist complaining of masticatory disorders and pain when pulling the jaw backward. The doctor diagnosed inflammation of one of the masticatory muscles. Which one?
A. Temporalis (posterior fibers).
B. Temporalis (anterior fibers).
C. Medial pterygoid.
D. Lateral pterygoid.
E. Masseter.
gg. Examination of a patient's facial expressions revealed an inability to pucker the Lips or whistle; when smiling, the corners of the Mouth do not elevate, and the oral fissure stretches laterally (transverse smile). The patient suffers from myopathy, a hereditary disease characterized by dystrophic muscle damage.
Atrophy of which muscle is indicated by these symptoms?
A. Orbicularis oris muscle.
B. Zygomaticus major muscle.
C. Platysma.
D. Risorius muscle.
E. Masseter muscle.
hh. Examination of the facial expression of an 8-year-old boy reveals that he cannot purse his lips, cannot blow out a candle, his mouth corners do not elevate when smiling, and his oral fissure stretches laterally (transverse smile). These symptoms indicate atrophy of which muscle?
A. Orbicularis oris muscle.
B. Zygomaticus major muscle.
C. Buccinator muscle.
D. Risorius muscle.
E. Masseter muscle.
ii. Examination of a patient with Facial Nerve inflammation reveals smoothing of the forehead Skin wrinkles, the right palpebral fissure is wider than the left, the right nasolabial fold is smoothed out, the right corner of the mouth is drooping, and the mouth is skewed to the left. The function of which muscles is impaired?
A. Facial muscles.
B. Masticatory muscles.
C. Epicranius muscle.
jj. During a car accident, a driver sustained numerous injuries to the lateral surface of the head, including a fracture of the zygomatic arch. The function of which muscle is likely impaired?
A. M. masseter.
B. M. orbicularis oris.
C. M. buccinator.
D. M. procerus.
E. M. risorius.
kk. A patient complains of an inability to perform lateral Movements of the mandible. Which muscle is most likely damaged?
A. M. pterygoideus lateralis.
B. M. pterygoideus medialis.
C. M. buccinator.
D. M. masseter.
E. M. risorius.
ll. In a patient, the right palpebral fissure is noticeably larger than the left. The function of which facial muscle is impaired?
A. M. orbicularis oculi.
B. M. procerus.
C. M. corrugator supercilii.
D. M. occipitofrontalis [venter frontalis].
E. M. zygomaticus major.
mm. Following a facial trauma, a patient presents with a hematoma in the buccal region. Drainage from which salivary gland is obstructed by this hematoma?
A. Parotid.
B. Sublingual.
C. Submandibular.
D. Labial.
E. Buccal.
nn. Children frequently experience difficulty in nasal breathing due to excessive Development of the lymphoid tissue in the pharyngeal mucosa. Hypertrophy of which Tonsils can cause this condition?
A. Tonsilla pharyngea.
B. Tonsilla palatina.
C. Tonsilla lingualis.
D. Tonsilla tubaria.
E. All of the listed tonsils.
oo. A 45-year-old patient accidentally ingested acetic acid. Which PARTS OF THE Digestive System will suffer Burns first?
A. Oral Cavity, oropharynx.
B. Oral Cavity and laryngopharynx.
D. Pharynx and Esophagus.
E. Esophagus and stomach.
pp. During the first day of life, a pediatrician noticed that when the newborn baby suckles milk, it enters the nasal cavity. This developmental defect indicates:
A. Cleft palate.
B. Esophageal diverticulum.
C. Esophageal atresia.
D. Cleft lip.
E. Esophageal stricture.
qq. During dental Treatment, a dentist places a cotton roll into the space between the cheek and the alveolar process of the maxilla. The excretory duct of which gland is thereby blocked?
A. Parotid gland.
B. Submandibular gland.
C. Sublingual gland.
D. Thyroid Gland.
E. Parathyroid gland.
rr. During a patient examination, a doctor determines that the patient's tongue cannot move forward (cannot be protruded from the mouth). Which muscle is damaged?
A. Genioglossus muscle.
B. Hyoglossus muscle.
C. Superior longitudinal muscle of tongue.
D. Stylohyoid muscle.
E. Transverse muscle of tongue.
ss. A newborn infant is diagnosed with a congenital malformation: cleft of the upper lip and the anterior palate. The failure of fusion of which processes caused this malformation?
A. Nasal and palatine processes.
B. Maxillary and frontal processes.
C. Submandibular and mandibular processes.
D. Mandibular and nasal processes.
E. Nasal and frontal processes.
tt. A patient has impaired sense of taste, while general somatic sensitivity remains intact. Which lingual papillae are unaffected?
A. Filiform papillae.
B. Vallate papillae.
C. Mushroom-shaped.
D. Leaf-like.
E. All of the above.
uu. An 18-year-old patient consulted a physician complaining of noise and pain in the ear. Objective Examination revealed an acute respiratory infection and rhinitis. Through which opening of the pharynx did the infection spread to the tympanic cavity and cause its inflammation?
A. Pharyngeal opening of the auditory tube.
B. Tympanic opening of the auditory tube.
C. Choanae.
D. Fauces.
E. Laryngeal inlet.
vv. Following a severe facial trauma, a patient experienced food entering the nasal part of the pharynx during swallowing. Which muscle has failed to perform its function?
A. m. levator veli palatini.
B. m. palatopharyngeus.
C. m. stylopharyngeus.
D. m. palatoglossus.
E. m. genioglossus.
ww. A 35-year-old patient came to the emergency department complaining of pain and Swelling in the floor of the mouth. Upon examination, an inflammatory process in the area of the Cytology/practical/98.html">Submandibular salivary gland duct was diagnosed. Where does this duct open?
A. Caruncula sublingualis.
B. Vestibulum oris.
C. Foramen caecum linguae.
D. Plica fimbriata.
E. Recesus gingivalis.
xx. A patient has inflammation of the sublingual caruncle. The secretion of saliva will be impaired from which Salivary Glands?
A. Sublingual and submandibular.
B. Sublingual and parotid.
C. Parotid and submandibular.
D. Parotid and palatine.
E. Sublingual and buccal.
yy. During an oral examination, a dentist noticed that a child had erupted the first permanent lower molars. What is the child's age?
A. 6-7 years.
B. 4-5 years.
C. 8-9 years.
D. 10-11 years.
E. 12-13 years.
zz. A patient with a cheek injury was admitted to the hospital. The duct of which salivary gland is most likely damaged?
A. Parotid.
B. Buccal.
C. Submandibular.
D. Sublingual.
E. Molar.
aaa. During an examination of a child's oral cavity, a dentist revealed a short frenulum of the upper lip. Which Teeth will be negatively affected by this developmental anomaly?
A. Upper central incisors.
B. Lower central incisors.
C. Upper lateral incisors.
D. Lower lateral incisors.
E. Upper canines.
bbb. During an oral examination, the dentist found inflamed papillae at the border of the middle and posterior thirds of the tongue. Which papillae of the tongue are affected by the inflammatory process?
A. Papillae vallatae.
B. Papillae fungiformes.
C. Papillae foliatae.
D. Papillae filiformes.
E. Papillae conicae.
ccc. During an oral cavity examination, a physician discovered a small ulcer located on the left palatoglossus arch (anterior faucial pillar). To which muscle is the pathological process most likely to spread?
A. M. palatoglossus.
B. M. styloglossus.
C. M. palatopharyngeus.
D. M. genioglossus.
E. M. hyoglossus.
ddd. A mother brought her 6-month-old sick girl to the pediatrician. The infant is crying with a high fever and putting toys into her mouth. Which tooth is erupting at this age?
A. Mandibular central incisor.
B. Mandibular lateral incisor.
C. Maxillary central incisor.
D. Maxillary lateral incisor.
E. Mandibular molar.
eee. A mother sought help from a pediatrician. A normally developed 12-month-old girl is crying and putting toys into her mouth. Which tooth is erupting at this age?
A. Mandibular lateral incisor.
B. Mandibular central incisor.
C. Premolar.
D. Canine.
E. Mandibular molar.
fff. A patient has frontal sinusitis. The medical history reveals a previous
maxillary sinus infection. Through which part of the nasal cavity could the infection have spread to the frontal sinus?
A. Middle nasal meatus.
B. Superior nasal meatus.
C. Inferior nasal meatus.
D. Nasal vestibule.
E. From the ethmoidal-sphenoidal recess.
ggg. During feeding, a newborn infant experiences milk entering the nasal cavity. Name the possible cause of this disorder.
A. Cleft palate.
B. Deviation of the nasal septum to the right.
C. Fracture of the skull base.
D. Cleft lip.
E. Deviation of the nasal septum to the left.
hhh. A patient was admitted to the clinic, and examination of the nasal cavity revealed an accumulation of pus in the inferior nasal meatus. Where is the pus coming from?
A. From the nasolacrimal duct.
B. From the maxillary sinus.
C. From the frontal sinus.
D. From the sphenoid sinus.
E. From the ethmoid sinus.
iii. The patient complains of a headache and difficulty breathing. An X-ray confirmed the diagnosis of frontal sinusitis (inflammation of the frontal sinus). In which nasal meatus can purulent discharge be observed upon examination of the nasal cavity?
A. Middle.
B. Superior.
C. Inferior.
D. Common.
E. Above the superior nasal concha.
jjj. A 28-year-old patient was diagnosed with an acute inflammatory process of the nasolacrimal duct mucosa. The medical history revealed that following influenza, nasal discharge persisted for 10 days. From which part of the nasal cavity could the infection have penetrated into the nasolacrimal duct?
A. From the inferior nasal meatus.
B. From the middle nasal meatus.
C. From the superior nasal meatus.
D. From the nasal vestibule.
E. From the frontal sinus.
kkk. During feeding, a newborn infant experiences milk entering the nasal cavity. Name the possible cause of this disorder.
A. Cleft palate.
B. Left-sided nasal septum deviation.
C. Cleft lip.
D. Right-sided nasal septum deviation.
E. Fracture of the skull base.
III. A patient has a tumor in the area of the superior nasal meatus. What functional impairments can be expected?
A. Impairment of smell.
B. Impairment of salivation.
C. Impairment of taste.
D. Impairment of Hearing.
E. Impairment of swallowing.
mmm. A patient has purulent inflammation of the sphenoid sinus. Into which part of the nasal cavity does the pus drain?
A. Meatus nasi superior.
B. Meatus nasi communis.
C. Meatus nasi medius.
D. Meatus nasi inferior.
nnn. A patient presents with inflammation of the sphenoid sinus. Where does its aperture open?
A. Recessus sphenoethmoidalis.
B. Infundibulum.
C. Meatus nasi medius.
D. Meatus nasi inferior.
E. Meatus nasi communis.
ooo. A 30-year-old patient with pulpitis of the 2nd maxillary molar consulted a doctor complaining of headache and mucopurulent nasal discharge. After an examination, he was diagnosed with pulpitis complicated by sinusitis. Which of the sinuses was infected from the tooth ROOT?
A. Maxillary sinus.
B. Sphenoid bone.
C. Sphenoid bone.
D. Ethmoid bone.
E. Mastoid air cells.
ppp. A 35-year-old patient consulted a physician complaining of severe rhinitis and loss of the SENSE OF SMELL for a week. Examination revealed a large amount of mucus in the nasal cavity, covering the mucous membrane and blocking olfactory receptors. Where in the nasal cavity are these receptors located?
A. In the superior nasal concha.
B. In the middle nasal concha.
C. In the inferior nasal concha.
D. In the common nasal meatus.
E. In the nasal vestibule.
qqq. Following an acute respiratory infection, a female patient exhibits labored nasal breathing, fever, headaches, lacrimation, and tenderness upon palpation in the right canine fossa region (fossa canina). Inflammation of which sinus has complicated the condition?
A. Sinus maxillaris dexter.
B. Sinus frontalis dexter.
C. Sinus shenoidalis dexter.
D. Cellulae ethmoidales anteriores.
E. Cellulae ethmoidales posteriores.
rrr. A mother consulted a physician because her son grew 18 cm over the summer.
Upon examination of the 12-year-old boy: height is 180 cm, weight is 68 kg. Dysfunction of which endocrine gland is this associated with?
A. Pituitary Gland.
B. Thyroid gland.
C. Gonads.
D. Adrenal Glands.
E. Pineal Gland.
sss. A 50-year-old female patient complains that recently her ears, nose, and hands have begun to increase in size. Hyperfunction of which gland causes such symptoms?
A. Pituitary gland.
B. Thyroid gland.
C. Sex glands.
D. Adrenal glands.
E. Pineal gland.
ttt. The mother of a 9-year-old girl consulted an endocrinologist complaining of breast enlargement, vaginal bleeding, and excessive Hair growth on the body and around the external genitalia. Which endocrine gland is affected, normally inhibiting premature Puberty?
A. Epiphysis.
B. Hypophysis.
C. Gl. thyroidea.
D. Gl. suprarenalis.
E. Gl. parathyroidea.
uuu. X-ray examination of the cranial base bones revealed an enlargement of the sella turcica cavity, thinning of the anterior clinoid processes, and destruction of various parts of the sella turcica. A tumor of which endocrine gland could cause such bone destruction?
A. Pituitary gland.
B. Thymus gland.
C. Pineal gland.
D. Thyroid gland.
E. Adrenal glands.
vvv. X-ray imaging revealed destruction and enlargement of the hypophyseal fossa due to a pituitary tumor. Which bony cavity is thus affected?
A. Sphenoidal sinus.
B. Carotid canal.
C. Optic canal.
D. Tympanic cavity.
E. Facial canal.
www. A man has developed gigantism. The function of which endocrine gland is impaired in this condition?
A. Pituitary gland.
B. Pineal gland.
C. Thyroid.
D. Parathyroid.
E. Thymus.
xxx. A 10-year-old child complains of nasal breathing difficulties. Examination reveals that the cause is persistent Hypertrophy of the lymphoid tissue. Which tonsil is enlarged?
A. Pharyngeal.
B. Palatine.
C. Left tubal.
D. Lingual.
E. Right tubal.
yyy. A 27-year-old man consulted a doctor. Examination revealed enlargement of the hands, feet, and mandible. In addition, there was deformation of the joints and spine, along with hormonal disorders (impotence, testicular atrophy). The function of which gland is impaired?
A. Anterior pituitary.
B. Adrenal glands.
C. Pineal gland.
D. Thyroid gland.
zzz. An 8-year-old boy was admitted to the endocrinology department with signs of precocious puberty (developed skeletal musculature, facial and pubic hair). The function of which gland is impaired?
A. Pineal.
B. Adenohypophysis.
C. Neurohypophysis.
D. Thyroid.
E. Thymus.
aaaa. A very tall patient came to the doctor, presenting with long thick fingers, a large mandible, and a pendulous lower lip. Hypersecretion of which hormone and from which gland can be suspected?
A. Growth Hormone of the anterior pituitary.
B. Gonadotropic hormone of the anterior pituitary.
C. Antidiuretic hormone of the posterior pituitary.
E. Glucocorticoids (Adrenal Cortex Hormones).
bbbb. A 30-year-old female patient was diagnosed with diabetes insipidus. Dysfunction of which endocrine gland is associated with this condition?
A. Pituitary gland.
B. Thyroid gland.
C. Gonads.
D. Adrenal glands.
E. Pineal gland.
cccc. A 10-year-old girl shows signs of precocious puberty during clinical examination. Hypofunction of which endocrine gland could have caused this condition?
A. Pineal gland.
B. Thyroid gland.
C. Parathyroid gland.
D. Thymus.
E. Adrenal medulla.
dddd. A pathological process disrupts the function of the central component of the efferent part of the Sympathetic division of the Autonomic Nervous system. Specify the possible localization of this process in the Spinal Cord.
A. In the lateral intermediate Nucleus of the lateral horns.
B. In the medial intermediate nucleus of the lateral horns.
C. In the dorsal nucleus of the posterior horns.
D. In The Nucleus proprius of the posterior horns.
E. In the nucleus of the anterior horns.
eeee. A 5-year-old child is admitted to the clinic with suspected meningoencephalitis. Specify the site for lumbar puncture.
A. Between the 3rd and 4th lumbar vertebrae.
B. Between the 1st and 2nd lumbar vertebrae.
C. Between the 2nd and 3rd lumbar vertebrae.
D. Between the 11th and 12th lumbar vertebrae.
E. Between the 4th and 5th lumbar vertebrae.
ffff. A car crash victim is diagnosed with a fracture of the spinous process and the arch of the 11th thoracic vertebra. Which spinal cord segments are damaged?
A. Lumbar.
B. Thoracic.
C. Sacral.
D. Coccygeal.
E. Cervical.
gggg. Following an industrial accident, a patient was admitted to the hospital with a spinal injury. Examination revealed damage to the posterior funiculi of the spinal cord at the level of the 1st thoracic vertebra. Which tracts were affected?
A. Tactile and proprioceptive sensitivity.
B. Pain and Temperature sensitivity.
C. Spinocerebellar.
D. Corticospinal.
E. Extrapyramidal.
hhhh. Patient M., 41 years old, was admitted to the infectious diseases department with a high fever. Objective examination reveals pronounced meningeal signs. A lumbar puncture was performed. Which anatomical space was punctured?
A. Spatium subarachnoideum.
B. Spatium subdurale.
C. Spatium epidurale.
D. Cavum trigeminale.
E. Cisterna cerebellomedullaris posterior.
iiii. As a result of a stroke (Cerebral Hemorrhage), a patient has lost voluntary movements of the head and Neck Muscles. MRI brain scan showed that the hematoma is located in the genu of the internal capsule. Which pathway is damaged in this patient?
A. Tr. cortico-nuclearis.
B. Tr. cortico-spinalis.
C. Tr. cortico-thalamicus.
D. Tr. cortico-fronto-pontinus.
E. Tr. thalamo-corticalis.
jjjj. A patient exhibits a loss of general sensitivity in certain areas on the right side of the body. Which gyrus of the cerebral hemispheres is damaged?
A. Postcentral gyrus.
B. Superior temporal gyrus.
C. Middle temporal gyrus.
D. Inferior temporal gyrus.
E. Precentral gyrus.
kkkk. A patient presents with paralysis of the upper and lower limbs on the left side. Which gyrus of the cerebral hemispheres is damaged?
A. Precentral gyrus.
B. Middle frontal gyrus.
C. Inferior frontal gyrus.
D. Superior frontal gyrus.
E. Postcentral gyrus.
llll. A patient does not understand the meaning of words and cannot comprehend their own speech (word deafness). Which gyrus of the cerebral hemispheres is damaged?
A. Superior temporal gyrus.
B. Inferior frontal gyrus.
C. Postcentral gyrus.
D. Superior parietal lobule.
E. Inferior parietal lobule.
mmmm. Examination of a patient revealed a neoplasm in the White matter OF the cerebral hemispheres, localized in the genu and the anterior part of the posterior limb of the internal capsule.
Which neural pathway fibers will be destroyed?
A. Tr. pyramidalis.
B. Tr. frontothalamicus.
C. Tr. thalamocorticalis.
D. Tr. frontopontinus.
E. Tr. parietooccipitopontinus.
nnnn. A patient with a tumor has damage to the pyramids of the Medulla Oblongata. Which of the following nerve pathways will experience disrupted impulse conduction?
A. Tr. corticospinalis.
B. Tr. corticonuclearis.
C. Tr. corticopontinus.
D. Tr. dentatorubralis.
E. Tr. spinocerebellaris.
oooo. A patient is diagnosed with impaired Blood FLOW IN the basin of the right anterior cerebral artery. Which areas of the Cerebral Cortex are likely to be affected?
A. Medial surface of the right frontal and parietal lobes.
B. Medial surface of the right occipital lobe.
C. Inferior surface of the right frontal lobe.
D. Inferior surface of the right temporal lobe.
E. Right insular lobe.
pppp. A brain CT scan reveals a Hemorrhage in the region of the genu of the internal capsule in a patient. Which of the following pathways is damaged?
A. Tractus corticonuclearis.
B. Radiationes thalamicae anteriores.
C. Tractus corticospinalis.
D. Radiatio acustica.
E. Radiatio optica.
qqqq. Following surgery, a 26-year-old patient has lost The ability to read and to form words and phrases from letters. Which area of the cerebral cortex has not recovered its function?
A. Gyrus anqularis.
B. Cuneus.
C. Sulcus calcarinus.
D. Lobulus parietalis superior.
E. Gyrus supramarginalis.
rrrr. Following a cerebrovascular accident, a patient has lost the ability to write letters and numbers. In which lobe of the brain has the pathology occurred?
A. Lobus frontalis.
B. Lobus occipitalis.
C. Lobus temporalis.
D. Lobus parietalis.
E. Insula.
ssss. A patient is unable to speak, but understands speech addressed to him. Which of the brain structures is damaged?
A. Gyrus frontalis inferior.
B. Gyrus frontalis superior.
C. Gyrus precentralis.
D. Gyrus postcentralis.
E. Gyrus temporalis superior.
tttt. The patient has lost the ability to recognize objects by
their characteristic sounds (such as a clock, a bell, or music). Which part of the brain is damaged?
A. Lobus temporalis.
B. Lobus occipitalis.
C. Lobus frontalis.
D. Lobus parietalis.
E. Insula.
uuuu. The patient has lost the ability to read (alexia). Which part of the brain is affected?
A. Angular gyrus of the parietal lobe of the cerebrum.
B. Middle frontal gyrus of the frontal lobe of the cerebrum.
C. Postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe of the cerebrum.
D. Paracentral lobule of the frontal lobe of the cerebrum.
E. Superior temporal gyrus of the temporal lobe of the cerebrum.
vvvv. A 45-year-old patient has suffered a severe cerebrovascular accident. Following the stabilization of his general condition, there is a loss of the ability to articulate words clearly. Damage to which area of the cerebral cortex caused the Impairment of the motor speech center? Gyrus:
A. Frontalis inferior.
B. Angularis.
C. Supramarginalis.
D. Precentralis.
E. Temporalis superior.
wwww. Following a cerebral hemorrhage (hemorrhagic stroke), a patient has great difficulty articulating words, i.e., motor aphasia has developed. Which gyrus of the brain is damaged in this case?
A. Inferior frontal gyrus.
B. Superior frontal gyrus.
C. Middle frontal gyrus.
D. Superior temporal gyrus.
E. Inferior temporal gyrus.
xxxx. Due to a tumor growth in the cavity of the third cerebral ventricle, the patient develops autonomic disorders such as Sleep disturbances, impaired thermoregulation, all METABOLISM/4.html">Types of Metabolism, and diabetes insipidus. Irritation of the nuclei of which brain region caused these symptoms?
A. Hypothalamus.
B. Cerebral peduncles.
C. Tegmentum of the Midbrain.
D. Pons.
E. Medulla oblongata.
yyyy. When the CEREBROSPINAL FLUID pathways are blocked at the level of the median and lateral apertures of the Fourth ventricle, occlusion syndrome develops. Outflow of cerebrospinal fluid into which cavity is impaired in this condition?
A. Subarachnoid space.
C. Cerebral aqueduct.
D. Third ventricle.
E. Fourth ventricle.
zzzz. X-ray examination of the skull revealed an enlargement of the sella turcica due to a brain tumor-like mass. Which part of the brain has undergone pathological changes?
A. Hypothalamus.
B. Thalamus dorsalis.
C. Metathalamus.
D. Epithalamus.
E. Tectum mesencephali.
aaaaa. A car crash victim sustained a laceration in the temporal region. Clinical examination reveals a temporal bone fracture and signs of intracranial hemorrhage. Damage to which artery should be suspected first?
A. Middle meningeal artery.
B. Superficial temporal artery.
C. Anterior meningeal artery.
D. Maxillary artery.
E. Facial artery.
bbbbb. A child is diagnosed with a skull base fracture.
Bulbar disorders are predominant. Which cranial fossa is the site of the fracture?
A. Posterior.
B. Anterior.
C. Middle.
D. Temporal.
E. Infratemporal.
ccccc. As a result of a traffic accident, a patient was brought to the emergency department with a spinal injury. Examination reveals right-sided lower limb paralysis accompanied by increased muscle tone. Which part of the Central Nervous System was damaged by the injury?
A. Right corticospinal tract.
B. Anterior horn of the spinal cord.
C. Posterior horn of the spinal cord.
D. Anterior funiculus of the spinal cord.
E. Medulla oblongata.
ddddd. Following a hemorrhage in the left cerebral hemisphere,
the patient lost the ability to speak. Thrombosis has occurred in the basin of which artery?
A. Arteria cerebri media.
B. Arteria cerebri anterior.
C. Arteria cerebri posterior.
D. Arteria communicans anterior.
E. Arteria communicans posterior.
eeeee. Patient B. was admitted to the neurosurgery department following a car accident resulting in a traumatic brain injury. Examination revealed damage to the cortex of the posterior part of the left inferior frontal gyrus. Which analyzer's function was impaired as a result?
A. Motor analyzer of speech articulation.
B. Motor analyzer.
C. Cutaneous analyzer.
D. Motor analyzer of written speech.
fffff. A patient suffered damage to the genu of the internal capsule as a result of a Cerebellar hemorrhage. Which projection pathway was affected?
A. Corticonuclear tract.
B. Corticospinal tract.
C. Pain and temperature pathway.
D. Stereognosis pathway.
E. Visual analyzer pathway.
ggggg. A person presents with paralysis of the right half of the body. Which cerebral gyrus is affected?
A. Gyrus paracentralis sinister.
B. Gyrus postcentralis dexter.
C. Gyrus frontalis medius.
D. Gyrus temporalis superior.
E. Gyrus supramarginalis.
hhhhh. A female patient exhibits paralysis of the muscles of the right upper and lower extremities. Which cortical center is damaged?
A. Motor center of the left hemisphere.
B. Motor center of the right hemisphere.
C. Center for simultaneous Rotation of the head and eyes to the opposite side in the right hemisphere.
D. Center for purposeful movements in the left hemisphere.
E. Center for stereognosis in the left hemisphere.
iiiii. A patient presents with sensory aphasia. What is the localization of The Nervous System lesion?
A. Superior temporal gyrus.
B. Middle temporal gyrus.
C. Inferior frontal gyrus.
E. Middle frontal gyrus.
jjjjj. Following a spinal injury, a patient lacks proprioceptive sensitivity in the lower half of the body and lower extremities. Damage to which neural pathway is most likely?
A. Fasciculus gracilis (Goll).
B. Tr. spino-thalamicus lateralis.
C. Tr. spino-thalamicus anterior.
D. Fasciculus cuneatus (Burdach).
E. Tr. spino-cerebellaris ventralis (Gowers).
kkkkk. A patient is found to have a post-traumatic subarachnoid hematoma in the parietal region. Objective examination reveals a loss of general sensation. Which gyrus is being compressed by the hematoma?
A. Postcentral gyrus.
B. Precentral gyrus.
C. Superior temporal gyrus.
D. Angular gyrus.
E. Parietal operculum.
lllll. A patient is diagnosed with a pineal gland tumor. At the level of which anatomical structure is the outflow of cerebrospinal fluid from the third cerebral ventricle likely to be obstructed?
A. Cerebral aqueduct.
B. Interventricular foramen.
C. Posterior horn of the lateral ventricle.
D. Anterior horn of the lateral ventricle.
E. Fourth ventricle.
mmmmm. A patient has suffered a hemorrhage in the posterior Regions of the posterior limb of the internal capsule. Which projection fibers (tracts) were damaged in this case?
A. Central auditory and visual tracts.
B. Cortico-thalamic and frontopontine tracts.
C. Frontopontine and corticonuclear tracts.
D. Corticonuclear and corticospinal tracts.
E. Corticonuclear and central auditory tracts.
nnnnn. A patient gets tired quickly at work. When standing with eyes closed, they sway and lose balance. Skeletal Muscle tone is decreased. Which of the following brain structures is most likely damaged in this person?
A. Cerebellum.
B. Limbic system.
C. Basal Ganglia.
D. Precentral gyrus of the cerebral cortex.
E. Thalamus.
ooooo. A patient (right-handed) complains of losing the ability to perform the fine movements necessary for writing letters, words, and other written symbols (agraphia). Which area of the cerebral cortex is damaged?
A. Posterior part of the middle gyrus of the left hemisphere.
B. Middle part of the left precentral gyrus.
C. Posterior part of the middle frontal gyrus of the right hemisphere.
D. Middle part of the right precentral gyrus.
E. Angular gyrus and calcarine sulcus of both hemispheres.
ppppp. A patient who sustained a head injury three months ago can hear and understand speech, but cannot correctly name an object. In which lobe of the cerebral cortex is the lesion located?
A. Inferior frontal.
B. Superior frontal.
C. Superior temporal.
D. In the middle frontal gyrus.
E. In the middle temporal gyrus.
qqqqq. Following a cerebral hemorrhage in the left hemisphere, the patient lost the ability to speak. Thrombosis has occurred in the basin of which artery?
A. Arteria cerebri media.
B. Arteria cerebri anterior.
C. Arteria cerebri posterior.
D. Arteria communicans anterior.
E. Arteria communicans posterior.
rrrrr. A 35-year-old man with a history of meningoencephalitis exhibits a sharp decrease in hearing. Examination rules out Pathology of the sound-conducting and sound-perceiving apparatuses of the Organ of Hearing. Pathological changes are located in which gyrus of the cerebral cortex?
A. Superior temporal gyrus.
B. Middle temporal gyrus.
C. Superior frontal gyrus.
D. Supramarginal gyrus.
E. Angular gyrus.
sssss. A patient has impaired function of the cardiovascular and respiratory centers. The disruption is located in the basin of which Arteries?
A. А. vertebrales et basilaris.
B. А. cerebri anterior et communicans anterior.
C. А. cerebrі anterior et cerebri media.
D. А. communicans posterior et cerebri media.
E. А. communicans posterior et cerebri posterior.
ttttt. A patient suffered a hemorrhage in the occipital region within the area of the calcarine sulcus. Which bodily Functions were impaired as a result?
A. Vision is absent.
B. Hearing is absent.
C. Smell is absent.
D. Movements are absent.
E. Loss of sensitivity.
uuuuu. The left ventral spinothalamic afferent tracts lack information from the opposite side of the body for a specific segment. Neurons of which nucleus in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord are damaged?
A. Nucleus proprius.
B. Zona spongiosa.
C. Substantia gelatinosa.
D. Dorsal nucleus of Clarke.
E. Ventral nucleus.
vvvvv. Patient M., 62 years old, developed a hematoma in the region of the gyrus angularis. The patient cannot read or comprehend written text (alexia), but visual function remains intact. The center of which analyzer has been affected?
A. Center of the visual analyzer of written speech.
B. Center of the motor analyzer of written speech.
C. Center of the auditory analyzer of spoken speech.
D. Center of the visual analyzer.
E. Center of the motor analyzer of spoken speech.
wwwww. A patient presents with decreased cutaneous sensibility due to a traumatic brain injury. Which area of the cerebral cortex is likely damaged?
A. Postcentral gyrus.
B. Occipital region.
C. Cingulate gyrus.
D. Frontal cortical region.
E. Precentral gyrus.
xxxxx. A woman is diagnosed with impaired tactile sensitivity. Which brain region is damaged?
A. Postcentral gyrus of the cerebral cortex.
B. Medulla oblongata.
C. Cerebellum.
D. Precentral gyrus of the cerebral cortex.
E. Temporal cortical region.
yyyyy. A patient in critical condition was admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of hemorrhagic stroke in the frontal lobe region of the right cerebral hemisphere. Damage to which artery is the most likely cause of this condition?
A. Cerebri anterior.
B. Cerebri posterior.
C. Communicans anterior.
D. Cerebri media.
E. Communicans posterior.
zzzzz. A neurological examination of a 65-year-old patient reveals a hemorrhage within the upper temporal gyrus. This is located in the supply territory of which artery?
A. Middle cerebral artery.
B. Anterior cerebral artery.
C. Posterior cerebral artery.
D. Anterior communicating artery.
E. Basilar artery.
aaaaaa. A 54-year-old woman consulted a doctor complaining of dizziness, nausea, and balance impairment following a fall and head injury. Dysfunction of which Inner ear structure is the most likely cause?
A. Organum vestibulare.
B. Labyrinthus osseus.
C. Organum spirale.
D. Membrana tympani.
E. Canalis longitudinalis modioli.
bbbbbb. Upon examining a traffic accident victim, the physician discovered an injury to the lateral wall of the orbit. The patient has lost the ability to abduct the Eyeball on the injured side. Which nerve is most likely damaged in this case?
A. N. abducens.
B. N. trochlearis.
C. N. oculomotorius.
D. N. ophthalmicus.
E. N. infraorbitalis.
cccccc. As a result of a skull injury involving damage to the superior wall of the right orbit, the patient lost the ability to elevate the upper eyelid of the right eye and look upward. Which nerve is likely damaged?
A. R. superior n. oculumotorius.
B. R. inferior n. oculumotorius.
C. N. trochlearis.
D. N. abducens.
E. N. ophthalmicus.
dddddd. A patient was found to have a destruction of the tympanic cavity wall with pus spreading into the posterior cranial fossa. Which of the walls is destroyed?
A. Paries mastoideus.
B. Paries membranaceus.
C. Paries labyrinthicus.
D. Paries tegmentalis.
E. Paries jugularis.
eeeeee. An ophthalmology department admitted a female patient complaining of partial vision loss. Examination revealed a loss of identical halves of the visual fields in both eyes (homonymous hemianopsia). At what level did the damage to the Optic nerve fibers occur?
A. At the level of one of the optic tracts.
B. At the level of the left optic nerve trunk.
C. At the level of the right optic nerve trunk.
D. At the level of the optic chiasm.
E. At the level of both optic tracts.
ffffff. Examination of a patient revealed drooping of the upper eyelid, divergent strabismus, dilated pupil, and restricted mobility of the eyeball. Which nerve is damaged?
A. Oculomotor nerve.
B. Ophthalmic nerve.
C. Trochlear nerve.
D. Abducens nerve.
E. Optic nerve.
gggggg. During a surgical Procedure, the physician is operating on the medial wall of the tympanic cavity. Damage to which canal of the temporal bone is possible?
A. Facial canal.
B. Musculotubal.
C. Tympanic.
D. Canaliculi of the chorda tympani.
E. Carotid.
hhhhhh. An electric welder who has suffered an eyeball burn is admitted to the ophthalmology department. Which of the following structures are damaged?
A. Cornea.
B. Camera anterior bulbi (humor).
C. Camera posterior bulbi (humor).
D. Lens.
E. Corpus vitreum.
iiiiii. Due to trauma, the patient exhibits unequal pupil diameters (anisocoria). The activity of which muscle is blocked?
A. Musculus sphincter pupillae.
B. Musculus ciliaris.
C. Musculus rectus lateralis.
D. Musculus rectus superior.
E. Musculus rectus inferior.
iiiiii. Inflammation of the tympanic cavity (purulent otitis media) in a patient was complicated by inflammation of the mastoid cells. Through which wall of the tympanic cavity did the pus penetrate?
A. Posterior.
B. Anterior.
C. Medial.
D. Lateral.
E. Superior.
kkkkkk. The patient has impaired vision in the right halves of the visual fields of both eyes. Which neural structure is damaged?
A. Left optic tract.
B. Optic chiasm.
C. Right optic tract.
D. Retina of the eye.
E. Optic nerves.
llllll. A patient presents with hearing loss. Examination reveals cerumen impaction (earwax plugs). Which part of the auditory system is affected?
A. External ear.
B. Middle ear.
C. Inner ear.
D. Tympanic membrane.
E. Auditory tube.
mmmmmm. A 40-year-old man was admitted to the ophthalmology department two weeks after sustaining a chemical burn of the eyeball. Which of the listed structures are damaged?
A. Cornea.
B. Ciliary body.
C. Iris.
D. Lens.
E. Vitreous body.
nnnnnn. A 28-year-old worker sustained a chemical burn to the face, and the liquid got into his eye, resulting in vision loss. Which structure of the eyeball was damaged as a result of the chemical burn?
A. Cornea.
B. Lens.
C. Vitreous body.
D. Retina.
E. Iris.
oooooo. A 5-year-old child with purulent inflammation of the inner ear developed symptoms of dura mater inflammation (meningitis). What was The pathway of infection spread? Through the:
A. Vestibular aqueduct.
B. Cochlear canaliculus.
C. Cochlear fenestra.
D. Vestibular window.
E. Tympanic canaliculus.
pppppp. Following an inflammatory disease, a patient developed incomplete lateral abduction of the eyeball. Which nerve is damaged in this patient?
A. Abducens.
B. Oculomotor.
C. Trochlear.
D. Optic.
E. Facial.
qqqqqq. A patient with epidemic encephalitis presents with unilateral or bilateral ptosis (drooping of the eyelid), divergent strabismus, and accommodation impairment. The pupils are dilated. Which pair of cranial nerve nuclei is affected?
A. III.
B. IV.
C. V.
D. VI.
E. VII.
rrrrrr. A patient with purulent otitis media on the right side was admitted to the ENT department. Examination revealed a subcutaneous Phlegmon in the mastoid process region. Through which wall of the tympanic cavity did the pus spread?
A. Posterior.
B. Anterior.
C. Inferior.
D. Medial.
E. Superior.
ssssss. A 3-year-old child was admitted to the clinic with a diagnosis of otitis. There is a high probability of pus spreading from the tympanic cavity. Where is the pus most likely to spread?
A. Mastoid antrum.
B. Inner ear.
C. Auditory tube.
D. External acoustic meatus.
E. Into the posterior cranial fossa.
tttttt. A 6-year-old child, M., developed purulent otitis media complicated by purulent mastoiditis (inflammation of the mastoid air cells). A mastoidectomy (surgical opening of the mastoid process) became necessary. Which venous sinus must the surgeon keep in mind as being located nearby to avoid accidental injury?
A. Sigmoid sinus.
B. Superior sagittal sinus.
C. Inferior sagittal sinus.
D. Transverse sinus.
E. Cavernous sinus.
uuuuuu. A patient presents with visual field defects characterized by the loss of the medial visual field in the right eye and the lateral visual field in the left eye. Which part of the visual pathway is impaired?
A. Left optic tract.
B. Right optic tract.
C. Optic chiasm.
D. Right optic nerve.
E. Left optic nerve.
vvvvvv. Examination of a patient reveals convergent strabismus (inward cross-eye) with an inability to abduct the eyeball. Which nerve is damaged?
A. Abducens nerve.
B. Oculomotor nerve.
C. Ophthalmic nerve.
D. Trochlear nerve.
E. Optic nerve.
wwwwww. A patient complains of persistent drooping of the upper eyelid (ptosis). Which nerve is impaired in this case?
A. Oculomotor nerve.
B. Abducens nerve.
C. Trochlear nerve.
D. Optic nerve.
E. Ophthalmic nerve.
xxxxxx. A 2-year-old child is diagnosed with divergent strabismus (exotropia). Which extraocular muscle is impaired in this condition?
A. Medial rectus.
B. Lateral rectus.
C. Superior rectus.
D. Inferior rectus.
E. Inferior oblique.
yyyyyy. A patient with glaucoma has impaired outflow of aqueous humor from the anterior chamber of the eye into the venous plexus through the drainage system. Which anatomical structure is affected?
A. Canal of Schlemm.
B. Lens.
C. Ciliary muscle.
D. Muscles of the iris.
E. Zonule of Zinn.
zzzzzz. In a 60-year-old woman, a brain tumor caused the destruction of the left optic tract. Impulses from which retinal areas will fail to reach the cortical visual center?
A. From the medial half of the right eye retina and the lateral half of the left eye retina.
B. From the medial halves of both the right and left eye retinas.
C. From the lateral halves of both the right and left eye retinas.
D. From the medial half of the left eye retina and the lateral half of the right eye retina.
E. From the entire retina of the left eye.
aaaaaaa. A 25-year-old female patient consulted an ophthalmologist complaining of blurred vision. Examination revealed impaired accommodation; the pupil is dilated and unresponsive to light. The function of which muscles is impaired?
A. Ciliary muscle and sphincter pupillae.
B. Dilatator pupillae and ciliary muscle.
C. Ciliary muscle and superior oblique muscle.
D. Sphincter pupillae and superior oblique muscle.
E. Sphincter pupillae and dilatator pupillae.
bbbbbbb. As a result of a head injury, a hematoma formed in the area of the middle cranial fossa on the left. This resulted in pupillary dilation on the affected side. Which nerve is injured?
A. N. oculomotorius.
B. N. abduceus.
C. N. opticus.
D. N. trochlearis.
E. N. trigeminus.
ccccccc. In purulent otitis media, pus has damaged the superior wall of the tympanic cavity. Into which cranial fossa has the pus spread from the tympanic cavity?
A. Middle cranial fossa.
B. Posterior cranial fossa.
C. Anterior cranial fossa.
D. Orbit.
E. Pterygopalatine fossa.
ddddddd. A 25-year-old female patient complains of blurred vision. Examination reveals impaired accommodation; her pupil is dilated and non-reactive to light. The function of which muscles is impaired?
A. Sphincter pupillae and ciliaris muscles.
B. Dilatator pupillae and ciliaris muscles.
C. Superior oblique and ciliaris muscles.
D. Lateral rectus and sphincter pupillae muscles.
E. Sphincter pupillae and dilatator pupillae muscles.
eeeeeee. As a result of trauma, a patient exhibits pupillary dilation and impaired pupillary reflex. The activity of which muscle is blocked?
A. Musculus sphincter pupillae.
B. Musculus ciliaris.
C. Musculus dilatator pupillae.
D. Musculus rectus superior.
E. Musculus rectus inferior.
fffffff. When testing the pupillary light reflex in a patient, a delayed reaction to light is observed in the left eye. The function of which nucleus is impaired?
A. Accessory nucleus of the oculomotor nerve.
B. Trochlear nerve nucleus.
C. Abducens nerve nucleus.
D. Nuclei of the superior colliculi of the tectum.
E. Oculomotor nerve nucleus.
ggggggg. A 2-year-old child presents with ear pain following influenza. The physician diagnoses hearing loss and middle ear inflammation. Through which pathway did the infection reach the middle ear cavity?
A. Via the auditory tube.
B. Through the jugular foramen.
C. Through the carotid canal.
D. Through the mastoid antrum.
E. Through the nasolacrimal canal.
hhhhhhh. A 75-year-old female patient was admitted to the ophthalmology department complaining of vision impairment. Objective examination revealed a brain tumor located in the region of the left optic tract. What visual disturbances will be observed in this patient?
A. Impaired vision in the left halves of both retinas.
B. Impaired vision in the right halves of both retinas.
C. Impaired vision in both halves of the left eye.
D. Impaired vision in both halves of the right eye.
E. Impaired vision in the retinas of both eyes.
iiiiiii. As a result of a dislocation of the mandible, a patient
exhibits a loss of taste sensation in the anterior part of the tongue and impaired lacrimation. Irritation of which nerve has caused this condition?
A. Facial nerve.
C. Mandibular nerve.
D. Vagus nerve.
E. Tympanic nerve.
jjjjjjj. A 45-year-old man consulted a clinic complaining of loss of sensation in the posterior third of the tongue. The function of which cranial nerve pair is impaired?
A. IX.
B. Х.
C. VIII.
D. V.
E. XII.
kkkkkkk. Which nerve is affected if a patient has a smoothed-out right nasolabial fold, a widened right palpebral fissure (which cannot be closed when squinting because the eyelids do not close), and experiences difficulties with speech and eating (food gets trapped between the cheek and teeth)?
A. N. facialis dexter.
B. N. abduceus dexter.
C. N. glossopharyngeus sinister.
D. N. vagus dexter.
E. N. trigeminus dexter.
lllllll. Upon examining a traffic accident victim, a physician diagnosed an injury to the lateral wall of the orbit. The patient has lost the ability to abduct the eyeball on the injured side. Which nerve could have been damaged in this case?
A. N. abducens.
B. N. trochlearis.
C. N. oculomotorius.
D. N. ophthalmicus.
E. N. infraorbitalis.
mmmmmmm. When the patient protrudes the tongue, its apex deviates to the left. Motor innervation of which cranial nerve is impaired in this case?
A. N. hypoglossus dexter.
B. N. glossopharyngeus dexter.
C. N. vagus dexter.
D. N. trigeminus sinister.
E. N. facialis sinister.
nnnnnnn. A patient with an Aneurysm of the right Subclavian Artery presents with hoarseness. Irritation of which nerve could be associated with this condition?
A. N. laringeus reccurens dexter.
B. N. laringeus superior dexter.
C. N. laringeus reccurens sinister.
D. N. laringeus superior sinister.
E. N. laringeus inferior sinister.
ooooooo. Examination of a patient admitted to the neurology department reveals tongue deviation to one side upon protrusion, atrophic changes in one half of the tongue, speech impairment, and difficulty swallowing. Which nerve is damaged?
A. Hypoglossal nerve.
B. Lingual nerve.
C. Chorda tympani.
E. Vagus nerve.
ppppppp. Examination of a patient who applied to the neurology department reveals smoothing of the forehead wrinkles, inability to close the eyes tightly, drooping corner of the mouth, and "ballooning" of the Cheeks. Which nerve is damaged?
A. Facial nerve.
B. Oculomotor nerve.
C. Trigeminal nerve.
D. Vagus nerve.
E. Accessory nerve.
qqqqqqq. Examination of a patient reveals ptosis of the upper eyelid, divergent strabismus, dilated pupil, and restricted mobility of the eyeball. Which nerve is damaged?
A. Oculomotor nerve.
B. Ophthalmic nerve.
C. Trochlear nerve.
D. Abducens nerve.
E. Optic nerve.
rrrrrrr. Patient K., 38 years old, consulted a physician complaining that following an acute viral respiratory infection, she lost the tactile sensation of food on the anterior 2/3 of her tongue, as well as pain and temperature sensitivity (she burned her tongue with hot tea). Which branch of which nerve was damaged in this case?
A. Lingual nerve of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve.
B. Lingual Branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve.
C. Lingual branches of the hypoglossal nerve.
D. Chorda tympani of the facial nerve.
E. Superior laryngeal nerve of the vagus nerve.
sssssss. A 52-year-old female patient consulted a neurologist with Complaints of sensory loss in the skin of the right half of the face in the area of the lower eyelid, nasal bridge, and upper lip.
Name the affected branch and nerve:
A. Maxillary nerve of the trigeminal nerve.
B. Greater petrosal nerve of the facial nerve.
C. Ophthalmic nerve of the trigeminal nerve.
D. Mandibular nerve of the trigeminal nerve.
E. Chorda tympani of the facial nerve.
ttttttt. A patient is diagnosed with a lesion of the facial nerve. At what level is the nerve damaged if the patient exhibits the following combination of clinical symptoms: facial muscle paralysis, impaired taste sensation on the anterior part of the tongue, dry mouth (reduced salivation), with no decrease in lacrimation?
A. In the facial canal below the geniculum, after the branching of the greater petrosal nerve.
B. At the Base of the brain.
C. In the facial canal before the branching of the greater petrosal nerve.
D. After the nerve exits the canal.
E. In the parotid gland.
uuuuuuu. A patient is unable to raise an eyebrow, fully close the eye, or bare their teeth on one side of the face. Which nerve is affected?
A. Facial nerve.
B. Ophthalmic nerve.
C. Maxillary nerve.
D. Mandibular nerve.
E. Oculomotor nerve.
vvvvvvv. A 52-year-old patient suddenly developed facial Asymmetry. The entire affected half of the face is immobile, the nasolabial fold is smoothed out, the palpebral fissure is widened, the eye does not close, and the corner of the mouth is drooping. This syndrome is caused by a lesion of which nerve?
A. Facial nerve.
B. Glossopharyngeal nerve.
C. Trigeminal nerve.
D. Accessory.
E. Hypoglossal.
wwwwwww. A 60-year-old patient has difficulty forming and moving the food bolus, which impairs eating. At the same time, the tongue is immobile, and speech has become impossible. The cause of this could be a lesion of:
A. Hypoglossal nerve.
B. Accessory nerve.
C. Glossopharyngeal nerve.
D. Trigeminal nerve.
E. Facial nerve.
xxxxxxx. Following an inflammatory disease, a patient developed incomplete abduction of the eyeball laterally. Which nerve is damaged in the patient?
A. Abducens.
B. Oculomotor.
C. Trochlear.
D. Optic.
E. Facial.
УУУУУУУ. The patient has lost the sense of taste in the anterior part of the tongue. Dysfunction of which nerve can be suspected?
A. Chorda tympani.
B. Glossopharyngeal nerve.
C. Vagus nerve.
D. Hypoglossal nerve.
E. Accessory nerve.
zzzzzzz. The patient has impaired MOTOR FUNCTION OF the tongue. Pathology of which nerve is this associated with?
A. Hypoglossal.
B. Vagus.
C. Glossopharyngeal.
D. Facial.
E. Additional.
aaaaaaaa. Following a cold-related illness, a patient developed impaired lacrimation. Which autonomic ganglion is most likely affected?
A. Pterygopalatine.
B. Ciliary.
C. Otic.
D. Submandibular.
E. Sublingual.
bbbbbbbb. Following a cold-related illness, a patient developed impaired pain and Temperature Sensation in the anterior 2/3 of the tongue. Which nerve is involved?
A. Trigeminal.
B. Hypoglossal.
C. Phrenic.
D. Vagus.
E. Chorda tympani.
cccccccc. Following a cold-related illness, a patient experienced numbness in the right half of the face. Examination revealed impaired pain and temperature sensation on the right side of the face. Which nerve is damaged?
A. Trigeminal.
B. Facial.
C. Glossopharyngeal.
D. Vagus.
E. Hypoglossal.
dddddddd. A patient with epidemic encephalitis presents with unilateral or bilateral ptosis (drooping of the eyelid), divergent strabismus, and impaired accommodation. The pupils are dilated. Which pair of cranial nerve nuclei is affected?
A. III.
B. IV.
C. V.
D. VI.
E. VII.
eeeeeeee. The patient presents with severe skin tenderness in the facial region. Which nerve is affected?
A. Trigeminal.
B. Facial.
C. Oculomotor.
D. Vagus.
E. Glossopharyngeal.
ffffffff. A patient consulted a physician complaining of difficulty in chewing. Examination revealed Atrophy of the right masseter and temporal muscles. When opening the mouth, the lower jaw deviates slightly to the left. Which nerve is damaged?
A. Motor branches of the mandibular nerve.
B. Buccal nerve.
C. Inferior alveolar nerve.
D. Auriculotemporal nerve.
E. Facial nerve.
gggggggg. A patient with purulent otitis media complained of taste disorders in the anterior 2/3 of the tongue and impaired salivation. Which nerve is damaged?
A. Chorda tympani.
B. Tympanic nerve.
C. Greater petrosal nerve.
D. Lesser petrosal nerve.
E. Lingual nerve.
hhhhhhhh. Patient A. was admitted to the neurology department complaining of pain in the right half of the face. Examination revealed decreased cutaneous sensitivity in this area and tenderness upon pressure at Valle's points. Which nerve is damaged?
A. Trigeminal.
B. Facial.
C. Hypoglossal.
D. Accessory.
E. Cutaneous branches of the Cervical plexus.
iiiiiiii. The patient complains of pain in the region of the tongue root, fauces, palatine tonsils, upper pharynx, and ear, as well as loss of taste sensitivity in the posterior third of the tongue. Damage to which nerve can lead to such disorders?
A. Glossopharyngeal.
B. Vagus.
C. Lingual.
D. Chorda tympani.
E. Greater petrosal.
iiiiiiii. A patient underwent subtotal subfascial thyroid resection. In the postoperative period, hoarseness persists for a long time. Which nerve was damaged during the surgery?
A. Recurrent laryngeal nerve.
B. Superior laryngeal nerve.
C. Hypoglossal nerve.
D. Lingual nerve.
E. Mandibular nerve.
kkkkkkkk. A patient consulted a physician complaining of vision impairment accompanied by eyelid drooping and the inability to turn the eyeball upward and medially. Upon examination, the patient's eye is abducted outward, the pupil is dilated and non-reactive to light, and the patient has difficulty seeing close objects. Which nerve is damaged?
A. Oculomotor.
B. Trochlear.
C. Abducens.
D. Optic.
E. Trigeminal.
llllllll. A patient exhibits facial asymmetry, especially when attempting active contraction of the facial muscles. Impairment of which nerve can lead to this condition?
A. Facial.
B. I branch of the trigeminal.
C. II branch of the trigeminal.
D. III branch of the trigeminal.
E. Hypoglossal.
mmmmmmmm. A patient complains of pain attacks in the upper jaw teeth and lip area, radiating to the eye. Examination reveals impaired cutaneous sensitivity in the upper lip, nasal alae, and zygomatic regions. Damage to which nerve can cause such disorders?
A. Maxillary.
B. Mandibular.
C. Ophthalmic.
D. Facial.
E. Accessory.
nnnnnnnn. Patient K. complains of pain in the lower jaw and chin area, radiating to the temporal region and ears. Examination reveals a loss of cutaneous sensitivity in the lower lip area and pain upon pressure over the mental foramen. Damage to which nerve may cause such disorders?
A. Mandibular.
B. Ophthalmic.
C. Maxillary.
D. Facial.
E. Accessory.
oooooooo. Examination of the patient reveals atrophy of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the upper border of the trapezius muscle. Turning the head to the opposite side is difficult. Damage to which nerve has caused these disorders?
A. Accessory.
B. Vagus.
C. Hypoglossal.
D. Greater occipital.
E. Transverse cervical.
pppppppp. Examination of the patient reveals medial deviation of the eyeballs, convergent strabismus, and inability to move the eyeball outward. Which nerve is damaged?
A. Abducens.
B. Oculomotor.
C. Ophthalmic.
D. Optic.
E. Trochlear.
qqqqqqqq. Patient O. complains of drooping of the upper eyelid. Which nerve is damaged?
A. Oculomotor.
B. Abducens.
C. Block.
D. Visual.
E. Optic.
rrrrrrrr. A patient with epidemic parotitis (mumps) presents with facial muscle paralysis and drooping of the right corner of the mouth. Which complication has caused this condition?
A. Right-sided facial neuritis.
B. Left-sided facial neuritis.
C. Right-sided trigeminal neuritis.
D. Left-sided trigeminal neuritis.
E. Right-sided oculomotor neuritis.
ssssssss. During a neurological examination, a 36-year-old patient is found to have a loss of skin sensitivity and tenderness in the right supraorbital region, zygomatic arch, and chin. The function of which nerve is impaired?
A. N. trigeminus.
B. N. facialis.
C. N. oculomotorius.
D. N. trochlearis.
E. N. abducens.
tttttttt. Following an intracerebral hemorrhage, a patient developed slurred speech. Laryngeal sound production and lower jaw movements remain intact. The nuclei of which nerves are affected?
A. Nuclei n. hypoglossi.
B. Nuclei n. vagi.
C. Nuclei n. Accessorii.
D. Nuclei n. Facialis.
E. Nuclei n. Glossopharyngeus.
uuuuuuuu. A 54-year-old man was admitted to the neurosurgery department complaining of a loss of skin sensation in the lower eyelid, lateral surface of the External Nose, and upper lip. Upon examination, the physician determines inflammation of the second branch of the trigeminal nerve. Through which opening does this branch exit the skull?
A. Foramen rotundum.
B. Foramen lacerum.
C. Foramen ovale.
D. Foramen spinosum.
E. Superior orbital fissure.
vvvvvvvv. A patient presents with a facial asymmetry (twisted face) and dry eye. Damage to which nerve can be suspected?
A. Facial.
B. Maxillary.
C. Mandibular.
D. Accessory.
E. Hypoglossal.
wwwwwwww. Following a soft tissue injury of the oral cavity, the patient lost taste sensation in the posterior third of the tongue. Which nerve is damaged?
A. N. glossopharyngeus.
B. N. facialis.
C. N. hypoglossus.
D. N. lingualis.
E. Chorda tympani.
xxxxxxxx. As a result of a head trauma, a hematoma formed with localization in the left middle cranial fossa. Consequently, papillary dilation (mydriasis) developed on the affected side. Which nerve is damaged?
A. N. oculomotorius.
B. N. abduceus.
C. N. opticus.
D. N. trochlearis.
E. N. trigeminus.
yyyyyyyy. A patient with a Brainstem tumor experienced difficulty in protruding the tongue. The function of which tongue muscle has been impaired?
A. Genioglossus.
B. Styloglossus.
C. Hyoglossus.
D. Superior longitudinal.
E. Posperetchny's.
zzzzzzzz. During the initial examination, a patient is found to have a loss of general sensation in the anterior 2/3 of the tongue. Taste sensation is preserved. Which nerve is affected?
A. Lingual branch of the trigeminal nerve proximal to its junction with the chorda tympani.
B. Hypoglossal nerve.
C. Lingual branch of the trigeminal nerve distal to its junction with the chorda tympani.
D. Chorda tympani of the facial nerve.
E. Glossopharyngeal nerve.
aaaaaaaaa. A patient exhibits lacrimation and excessive salivation. This condition, along with other symptoms, is evaluated as irritation of the fibers of one of the Cranial Nerves. Which nerve and which of its fibers are involved?
A. Parasympathetic fibers of the facial nerve.
B. Parasympathetic fibers of the oculomotor nerve.
C. Somatic motor fibers of the oculomotor nerve.
D. Parasympathetic fibers of the vagus nerve.
E. Somatic motor fibers of the facial nerve.
bbbbbbbbb. A patient has impaired function of the muscles of mastication.
Which nerve is damaged?
A. Mandibular nerve.
B. Lingual nerve.
C. Auriculotemporal nerve.
D. Buccal nerve.
E. Maxillary nerve.
ccccccccc. When testing the pupillary reflex in a patient,
a delayed reaction to light is observed in the left eye. The function of which nucleus is impaired?
A. Accessory nucleus of the oculomotor nerve.
B. Nucleus of the trochlear nerve.
C. Nucleus of the abducens nerve.
D. Nuclei of the superior colliculi of the tectum.
E. Oculomotor nerve nucleus.
ddddddddd. A patient has difficulty firmly closing the jaws during mastication. The physician determines partial atrophy of the masticatory muscles located inferior to the zygomatic arch. Branches of which of the following nerves innervate these muscles?
A. N. mandibularis.
B. N. maxillaris.
C. N. alveolaris inferior.
D. Nn. alveolares superiores.
E. N. infraorbitalis.
eeeeeeeee. A patient presents with impaired function of the Parotid salivary gland. Which nerve enhances its secretion?
A. N. petrosus minor.
B. N. petrosus major.
C. N. petrosus profundus.
D. N. auricularis minor.
E. N. auricularis major.
fffffffff. During swallowing, the patient noted difficulty associated with paralysis of the soft palate. Which nerve is damaged?
A. Third branch of the trigeminal nerve.
B. Facial nerve.
C. First branch of the trigeminal nerve.
D. Second branch of the trigeminal nerve.
E. Hypoglossal nerve.
ggggggggg. A patient exhibits decreased tactile and gustatory sensitivity of the mucosa of the posterior third of the dorsum of the tongue. Pathology of which nerve is this associated with?
A. Glossopharyngeal.
B. Third branch of the trigeminal nerve.
C. Facial.
D. Hypoglossal.
E. II branch of the trigeminal nerve.
hhhhhhhhh. A 40-year-old man sustained a maxillofacial injury resulting in impaired function of the left sublingual and submandibular salivary glands, with significantly reduced saliva secretion from these glands. Which nerve function is impaired?
A. VII cranial nerve.
B. VI cranial nerve.
C. X cranial nerve.
D. XII cranial nerve.
E. XI cranial nerve.
ІІІНІНІ. A patient developed mastoiditis as a complication of otitis media, which subsequently created a risk of septic thrombosis in the nearest venous sinus. Which one?
A. Sigmoid sinus.
B. Transverse sinus.
C. Superior sagittal sinus.
D. Straight sinus.
E. Inferior petrosal sinus.
jjjjjjjjj. A victim was admitted to the hospital with a mandibular fracture and severe hemorrhage in the fracture area. Damage to which artery is most likely?
A. Inferior alveolar artery.
B. Ascending pharyngeal artery.
C. Lingual artery.
D. Ascending palatine artery.
E. Superior alveolar artery.
kkkkkkkkk. A patient has a soft tissue and Parietal bone injury in the region of the sagittal suture, accompanied by severe bleeding. Which structure is likely damaged?
A. Sinus sagittalis superior.
B. Sinus petrosus superior.
C. Sinus rectus.
D. Sinus sagittalis inferior.
E. Sinus transversus.
lllllllll. During the surgical closure of a congenital cleft palate (uranoplasty), when the pterygoid hamulus was dislodged with a chisel, the greater palatine canal was injured. This resulted in bleeding that could only be stopped by packing the canal. Which artery was injured?
A. Descending palatine artery.
B. Ascending palatine artery.
C. Ascending pharyngeal artery.
D. Sphenopalatine artery.
E. Posterior superior alveolar artery.
mmmmmmmmm. A patient is diagnosed with an inner ear lesion of vascular origin. The Blood supply to the inner ear is primarily provided by branches of which of the following arteries?
A. A. basilaris.
B. A. cerebri posterior.
C. A. vertebralis.
D. A. cerebri media.
E. A. cerebri anterior.
nnnnnnnnn. A 45-year-old patient complains of dizziness, unsteadiness when walking, and impaired coordination of movements. Examination reveals cervical spine osteochondrosis, which has compressed a vessel passing through the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae. What vessel is this?
A. A. vertebralis.
B. A. subclavia.
C. A. carotis externa.
D. A. carotis interna.
E. A. occipitalis.
ooooooooo. In purulent inflammation of the middle ear, the pathological process involves an artery located on the anterior wall of the tympanic cavity. Which vessel is involved in the pathological process?
A. A. carotis interna.
B. A. carotis externa.
C. A. meningea media.
D. A. auricularis posterior.
E. A. temporalis superficialis.
ppppppppp. Patient T. is undergoing thyroid surgery. Branches of which arteries must the surgeon ligate during the procedure?
A. Superior and inferior thyroid arteries.
B. Superior and inferior laryngeal arteries.
C. Superior thyroid artery and thyrocervical trunk.
D. Superior thyroid and ascending cervical arteries.
E. Ascending cervical and deep cervical arteries.
qqqqqqqqq. An injured person is bleeding from a head wound. At which site should the common carotid artery be compressed for temporary hemorrhage control?
A. Against the anterior tubercle of the transverse process of the 6th cervical vertebra.
B. Against the spine in the upper neck.
C. Against the anterior tubercle of the transverse process of the 4th cervical vertebra.
D. Against the anterior tubercle of the transverse process of the 5th cervical vertebra.
E. Against the anterior tubercle of the transverse process of the 7th cervical vertebra.
rrrrrrrrr. A patient requires a glossectomy due to a malignant tumor of the tongue. Where is the lingual artery easily located for ligation?
A. Pirogov's triangle.
B. Carotid triangle.
C. Omoclavicular (subclavian) triangle.
D. Omotrapezoid triangle.
E. Omotracheal (muscular) triangle.
sssssssss. A patient presents with a furuncle in the external acoustic meatus. Which of the following Lymph Nodes are most likely to react first to this inflammatory process?
A. Nodi lymphatici parotidei.
B. Nodi lymphatici retropharyngeales.
C. Nodi lymphatici mandibulares.
D. Nodi lymphatici cervicales superficiales.
E. Nodi lymphatici cervicales profundi.
ttttttttt. An injured patient has an epidural hematoma in the temporal region. Which artery is damaged?
A. Middle meningeal artery.
B. Middle cerebral artery.
C. Posterior communicating artery.
D. Anterior meningeal artery.
E. Anterior cerebral artery.
uuuuuuuuu. A child has an injury to the lower lip in the area of the right corner of the mouth, with a thin stream of blood flowing from the wound. Branches of which artery were damaged in this trauma?
A. Facial.
B. Lingual.
C. Vertebral.
D. Ascending pharyngeal.
E. Maxillary.
wvwww. A victim has a scalped wound in the right temporal region of the head with damage to the branches of the superficial temporal artery. Where is the most appropriate site to perform digital compression of the arterial trunk to temporarily stop the bleeding?
A. Anterior to the external acoustic meatus, above the zygomatic arch.
B. In the region of the mastoid process.
C. In the region of the Zygomatic bone.
D. In the region of the supraorbital margin.
E. Posterior to the auricle.
wwwwwwwww. Following a temporal region trauma, a patient was found to have an epidural hematoma. Which artery was damaged?
A. Middle meningeal artery.
B. Deep temporal artery.
C. Deep auricular artery.
D. Superior tympanic artery.
E. Inferior tympanic artery.
xxxxxxxxx. A patient experienced severe hemorrhage during a tonsillectomy. Which artery was injured during the surgery?
B. Ascending pharyngeal artery.
C. Maxillary artery.
D. Descending palatine artery.
E. Ascending palatine artery.
yyyyyyyyy. Patient K., aged 56, who worked for 28 years as a laborer in a chemical plant workshop with hazardous working conditions, experiences frequent bleeding from the nasal mucosa. Which arteries are responsible for this bleeding?
A. Anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries.
B. Supraorbital artery.
C. Ciliary arteries.
D. Anterior cerebral artery.
E. Ophthalmic artery.
zzzzzzzzz. A victim was admitted to the clinic with an open fracture of the mandibular ramus accompanied by severe bleeding in the fracture area. Damage to which artery is most likely to have occurred?
A. Inferior alveolar artery.
B. Middle temporal artery.
C. Facial artery.
D. Lingual artery.
E. Ascending palatine artery.
aaaaaaaaaa. A 6-year-old child, M., developed purulent otitis media complicated by purulent mastoiditis (inflammation of the mastoid air cells). A mastoidectomy (surgical opening of the mastoid process) became necessary. The close proximity of which venous sinus must the surgeon keep in mind to avoid injuring it?
A. Sigmoid sinus.
B. Superior sagittal sinus.
C. Inferior sagittal sinus.
D. Transverse sinus.
E. Cavernous sinus.
bbbbbbbbbb. An injured patient has an epidural hematoma in the temporal region. Which artery is damaged?
A. Middle meningeal artery.
B. Middle cerebral artery.
C. Posterior communicating artery.
D. Anterior choroidal artery.
E. Anterior cerebral artery.
cccccccccc. A patient suffering from a cerebrovascular disorder has been diagnosed with impaired limbic system function. Disruption of blood flow in the basin of which artery is the cause of these symptoms?
A. Anterior cerebral.
B. Vertebral.
C. Posterior cerebral.
D. Middle cerebral.
E. Anterior choroidal.
dddddddddd. A 53-year-old woman presents with impaired function of the cranial nerves V–VIII due to a compromised blood supply to their nuclei, absence of active movements in both upper and lower extremities, and disorders of vital functions (Respiration and Circulation). Disruption of blood flow in the basin of which artery is the cause of this pathological condition?
A. Basilar artery.
B. Middle cerebral artery.
C. Posterior cerebral artery.
D. Anterior communicating artery.
E. Anterior cerebral artery.
eeeeeeeeee. In a 40-year-old man with facial phlegmon, purulent inflammation and significant soft tissue edema caused compression of the facial vein lumen and a retrograde (reverse) direction of venous blood flow. Infection of which venous sinus is possible?
A. Cavernous.
B. Superior petrosal.
C. Inferior petrosal.
D. Straight.
E. Sigmoid.
ffffffffff. Into which cranial cavity will a hemorrhage spread if a venous vessel is ruptured in the region of the jugular foramen?
A. Posterior cranial fossa.
B. Anterior cranial fossa.
C. Subarachnoid space.
D. Middle cranial fossa.
E. Subdural space.
gggggggggg. The patient suffers from paralysis of the ocular muscles and pain along the course of the trigeminal nerve. An aneurysm (dilation) of which venous sinus can be suspected?
A. Sinus cavernosus.
B. Sinus transversus.
C. Sinus sagittalis superior.
D. Sinus petrosus superior.
E. Sinus occipitalis.
hhhhhhhhhh. A crash victim presents with hemorrhage from the soft tissues anterior to the angle of the mandible. Which vessel must be ligated to stop the bleeding?
A. A. facialis.
B. A. carotis interna.
C. A. temporalis superficialis.
D. A. alveolaris inferior.
E. A. lingvalis.
iiiiiiiiii. A 37-year-old victim sustained a stab wound to the lower part of the carotid triangle of the neck with a sharp object. Which vessel was injured?
A. Common carotid artery.
D. Superior thyroid artery.
E. Internal carotid artery.
ІІІІІІІІІІ. A victim has suffered trauma to the soft tissues and parietal bones in the region of their junction, accompanied by severe hemorrhage. Which vascular structure is damaged?
A. Sinus sagittalis superior.
B. Sinus transversus.
C. Sinus petrosus superior.
D. Sinus rectus.
E. Sinus sagittalis inferior.
kkkkkkkkkk. Following a hemorrhage in the left cerebral hemisphere, the patient lost the ability to speak (aphasia). Thrombosis has occurred in the basin of which artery?
A. Arteria cerebri media.
B. Arteria cerebri anterior.
C. Arteria cerebri posterior.
D. Arteria communicans anterior.
E. Arteria communicans posterior.
llllllllll. Following a hemorrhage in the left cerebral hemisphere, the patient lost the ability to speak (aphasia). Thrombosis has occurred in the basin of which artery?
A. Arteria cerebri media.
B. Arteria cerebri anterior.
C. Arteria cerebri posterior.
D. Arteria communicans anterior.
E. Arteria communicans posterior.
mmmmmmmmmm. A patient presents with bleeding in the upper lip area. Which artery is most likely damaged?
A. Facial artery.
B. Maxillary artery.
C. Lingual artery.
D. Superficial temporal artery.
E. Angular artery.
nnnnnnnnnn. A patient with Cancer of the dorsum of the tongue has developed severe
hemorrhage due to tumor involvement of the dorsal lingual artery. Which vessel does the physician ligate to stop the bleeding?
A. Lingual artery.
B. Dorsal artery of the tongue.
C. Deep lingual artery.
D. Facial artery.
E. Ascending pharyngeal artery.
oooooooooo. A patient was admitted to the hospital in critical condition with a diagnosis of hemorrhagic stroke in the frontal region of the right cerebral hemisphere. Damage to which artery is most likely to have caused this condition?
A. A. cerebri anterior.
B. A. cerebri posterior.
C. A. communicans anterior.
D. A. cerebri media.
E. A. communicans posterior.
pppppppppp. A 65-year-old patient undergoing a neurological examination was found to have a hemorrhage within the superior temporal gyrus. In the supply territory of which artery is this hemorrhage located?
A. Middle cerebral artery.
B. Anterior cerebral artery.
C. Posterior cerebral artery.
D. Anterior communicating artery.
E. Basilar artery.
qqqqqqqqqq. A 17-year-old female student squeezed a pustule in the medial angle of the eye. Two days later, she was admitted to the neurosurgery institute with a diagnosis of cavernous sinus thrombosis. By what pathway did the infection reach this sinus?
A. Through v. angularis.
B. Through v. maxillaris.
C. Through v. profunda faciei.
D. Through v. transversa faciei.
E. Through v. diploicae frontalis.
rrrrrrrrrr. A 70-year-old man cut a pustule in the mastoid region while shaving. Two days later, he was brought to the hospital with a diagnosis of meningitis (inflammation of the Meninges). By what pathway did the infection penetrate the cranial cavity? Through:
A. V. emissariae mastoideae.
B. Vv. labyrinthi.
C. Vv. tympanicae.
D. V. facialis.
E. Vv. auriculares.
Last update: 11/08/2026
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