Head Anatomy - V.Z. Sikora 2007

Topographical Anatomy
APPENDIX 2 to the topographical anatomy of the head

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Figure 43. Regions of the HEAD.

1-reg. orbitalis; 2-reg.nasalis; 3-reg. oralis; 4-reg. mentalis; 5-reg. buccalis; 6-reg. parotideomasseterica; 7-fossa retromandibularis; 8-reg. mastoisdea; 9-reg. temporalis; 10-reg. frontalis; 11-reg. parietalis; 12-reg. occipitalis.

Figure 44. Layers of the fronto-parieto-occipital region.

1-Skin and subcutaneous tissue; 2-subcutaneous nerves; 3-superficial Veins; 4-subaponeurotic tissue; 5-diploic veins; 6-sagittal sinus; 7-subperiosteal tissue; 8-periosteum; 9-epicranial aponeurosis (galea aponeurotica); 10-superficial Arteries; 11-fascial septa in the subcutaneous tissue; 12-emissary vein; 13-superior sagittal sinus.

Figure 45. Vessels and nerves of the neurocranium and facial region of the head.

1-a.,v.,n.supraorbitalis; 2-a.temporalis superficialis (anast. cum art. supraorbit.); 3-n.supraorbitalis (ram.lat.) arcus palpebralis superior; 4-n.n.supraorbitalis (V1), a.,v.zygomatico-orbitalis; 5-a.,v.temporalis superficialis, n.auriculotemporalis; 6-ramus zygomaticofacialis (V2); 7-n.infratrochlearis, a.dorsalis nasi, rr.palpebrales n.infraorbit. (V2); 8-n.nasalis externus; 9-rr.zygomatici et temporales (VII); 10-rr.buccales (VII); 11-fascia masseterica, capsula gland. parotis, n.auricul. magnus; 12-a.,n.mentalis (rr.labial. et mental.); 13-a.labialis inferior (ram.superfic.); 14-a.labialis inferior (ram.prof.); 15-a.,v.facialis, r.marginalis mandib. (VII); 16-a.,v.labialis superior; 17-rr.buccales (VII), ductus parotideus, parotis; 18-n.buccalis, corpus adiposum; 19-n.facialis (rr.zygomatici); 20-a.,v.,n.infraorbitalis (anastamosis cum n.fac.); 21-a.temporalis superfic.; 22-a.,ram.zygomaticofacialis (V2); 23-a.,v.angularis; 24-rr.temporales n.facialis; 25-a.temporalis superfic. (ramus parietalis); 26-a.temporalis superfic. (ramus frontalis); 27-a.,n.supraorbitalis (ram. lat.), n.lacrimalis (ramus palpebralis); 28-a.supratrochlearis, n.supraorbitalis (ram.med.).

Figure 46. Vessels and NERVES OF THE temporal region and facial part of the head. 1-r.parietalis a. et v.temporalis superficialis, n.auriculotemporalis; 2-galea aponeurotica; 3-a. et v.occipitalis, n. occipitalis major; 4-n.occipit. minor, m. sternocleidomastoideus; 5-n.auric. magn., a.,v.auric. post; 6-a.,v. temp. superfic., n.auriculotemporalis; 7-rr.buccales (VII), m.masseter, fascia masset.; 8-r.margin.mandib. (VII); 9-ductus parotideus, rr.zygomat. et buccales (VII); 10-platysma; 11-a.labialis inf., m.risorius, n.buccalis; 12-a.,v.facialis; 13-a.labialis inf; 14-m.zygomaticus major, a.labialis sup; 15-a.,v.angularis, m.levator labii sup.; 16-a.transversa faciei, m.zygomaticus min.; 17-m.orbicularis oculi, r.zygomaticofacialis (V2); 18-a.,n.supratrochl. (V1); 19-rr.med. n. supraorbit. (V1), a.supraorbit.; 20-r.front. a.tempor. superfic., m.frontalis.

Figure 47. Vessels and nerves of the occipital region.

1-a.,v.occipitalis, n.occipitalis major, nodus lymphat. occipit.; 2-a.,v.,n.auricularis post. (VII), nodi lymphat, retroauric.; 3-nn.supraclaviculares; 4-n.accessorius; 5-n.transversus colli; 6-n.auricularis magnus, v.jugularis ext.; 7-n.occipitalis minor; 8-a.,v.auricularis post., n.auricularis magnus; 9-n.auricularis posterior (VII); 10-n.occipitalis minor., nodi lymphatici occipitales; 11-a.,v.occipitalis.

Figure 48. MacEwen's (Chiene's / Editor note: keeping it neutral as 'trepanation triangle') trepanation triangle (Suprameatal triangle of Chipault).

1-porus acusticus externus; 2-PROJECTION OF THE Facial Nerve; 3-cellulae mastoideae; 4-crista mastoidea; 5-for. mastoideum; 6-projection of the sigmoid sinus.

Figure 49. Dura mater and middle meningeal artery (a. meningea media).

1-lacuna lat., granulationes arachnoidales; 2-lobus frontalis; 3-dura mater (regio sulci cerebri lat.); 4-polus front., galea aponeurotica; 5-sinus frontalis, os frontale; 6-a.meningea media, ala minor ossis sphenoid., sutura sphenofront.; 7-dura mater, polus temp.; 8-a.,v.meningea media (r.front.); 9-m.temporalis, corpus adiposum spatii interfasc. temp., arcus zygomaticus; 10-a.,v.meningea media (r.pariet.), dura mater, lobus temporalis; 11-dura mater; 12-granulationes arachnoidales, diploe ossis pariet.

Figure 50. Vessels and nerves of the facial region of the head.

1-rr.temporales et zygomatici (VII); 2-n. auriculotemp., a.,v.temp. superfic; 3-n.auricul. post., rr.auricul. ant. a. temp. superfic.; 4-truncus n.facialis, a.,v.auricul.post.; 5-v.jugularis ext., n.auricul. magnus; 6-ramus colli (VII); 7-v.retromadib.; 8-r.marginalis mandib., rr. labiales (VII); 9-a.,v.facialis; 10-a.labial. inf. (ram. superfic.), rami n.facialis; 11-r.communicans n.facialis; 12-a.labial. inf.; 13-corpus adiposum buccae, rr.labiales (VII), a.labial. sup.; 14-v.angularis, r.nasalis (VII); 15-a.transversa faciei, rr.buccales (VII); 16-rr.orbitales (VII), rami n.infraorbit. 17-parotis, ductus parotideus, fascia temporalis.

Figure 51. VEINS OF THE facial and cerebral regions of the head.

1-v.ophtalmica sup.; 2-sinus cavernosus; 3-v.meningea med., plexus pterygoideus (pars superfic.); 4-v.maxillaris; 5-v.temporalis superfic.; 6-v.retromandib.; 7-v.occipitalis; 8-nodi lymphat. cervicales prof. sup.; 9-v.retromandib.; 10-v.jugularis int.; 11-v.facialis comm.; 12-vv.palatinae asc.; 13-v.facialis, v.alveolaris inf.; 14-nodi lymphatici submentales; 15-v.labialis inf.; 16-v.labialis sup.; 17-v.angularis; 18-v.ophtalmica inf., v.infraorbitalis; 19-v.supraorbit., v.supratrochlearis.

Figure 52. Vessels and nerves of the facial region of the head.

1-rami temporales (VII); 2-a.v.tempor.superfic., a.temporalis media; 3-ram. auriculatores (a.temp. superfic.) n.auriculotemporalis; 4-a.,n.auricularis post. (VII); 5-a.maxillaris; 6-truncus n.facialis; 7-pes anserinus major (VII); 8-a.carotis ext., ram. colli (VІI); 9-v.jugularis externa, n.auricularis magnus; 10-rami buccales (VII); 11-ramus marginalis mand. (VII); 12-v.retromandibularis, capsula gland. parotis; 13-a.,n.buccalis, anast. cum. n.fac.; 14-a.,v.facialis; 15-aa.labiales inf.; 16-a.,v.angularis, rami n.fac. (labiales); 17-n.infraorbitalis; 18-ductus parotideus, rami n. facialis (Orbit. et nasales); 19-a.transversa faciei, rami zygomatici n.fac.

Figure 53. Vessels and nerves of the lateral region of the face.

1-r.zygomaticotemp.; 2-n.mandib., ganglion oticum, n.pterygoid. med., n.tensoris veli palatini, a.maxill.; 3-a.temporalis superfic., n.auriculotemp.; 4-a.auricul. prof.; 5-a.,n.auricul. post., r.digastricus (VII); 6-n.facialis, rr.commun. cum n.auriculotemp.; 7-n.accessorius (r. ext.); 8-ganglion cervic. sup., a.pharyngea asc.; 9-radices plexus cervic. (C2,C3,C4), r.communicans cum n.hypogl.; 10-n.vagus, n.laryng. sup., a.occipit.; 11-truncus sympathicus cervic.; 12-a.carotis int. et ext., glomus caroticum, r.sinus carotici; 13-n.hypogl., radix sup. ansae cervicalis; 14-n.glossopharyng., lig.stylohyoid.; 15-a.facialis, a.palatina asc.; 16-a.,n.alveolaris inf.; 17-n.ligualis, chorda tympani; 18-n.hypoglossus, a.lingualis; 19-ganglion submandib., rr.ganglionares et glandulares; 20-a.,n.mylohyoideus; 21-a.n.alveolaris inf.; 22-a.facialis, a.submentalis, n.lingualis; 23-a.,n.mentalis; 24-a.,n.buccalis; 25-a.r.interalveolaris; 26-plexus dentalis sup.; 27-aa.,rr.alveolares sup. ant.; 28-a.n.infraorbitalis (pes anserinus minor); 29-a.,r.nasalis ext.; 30-aa.,rr.alveolares sup. post.; 31-a.,r.zygomaticofacialis; 32-n.infratrochlearis, a.angularis 33-n.supratrochlearis; 34-n.maxillaris, ganglion pterygopalatinum, nn.palatini, a.palatina desc.

Figure 54. Vessels and nerves of the lateral facial region.

1-aa.,nn.temporales prof.; 2-a.,v.temporalis media; 3-a.,v.temporalis superfic.; 4-n.auricularis post., a.maxillaris, n.facialis; 5-a.stylomastoidea; 6-ramus colli (VII), a.,v.auricularis post.; 7-a.,n.mylohyoideus; 8-a.,n.massetericus; 9-n.mandibularis, a.alveolaris inf.; 10-a.v.facialis, ramus marginalis mand; 11-a.labialis inf.; 12-a.labialis sup.; 13-a.v.angularis; 14-a.,v.,n.buccalis, plexus pterygoideus (ven.); 15-a.,v.,n.buccalis, plexus pterygoideus (ven.); 16-a.,v.,n.alveolaris sup. post.; 17-a.sphenopalatina, n.maxillaris; 18-a.zygomatico- orbitalis.

Figure 55. Circumpharyngeal space on a horizontal section.

1-masseter Muscle; 2-Mandible; 3-masseteric fascia; 4-medial pterygoid muscle; 5-facial nerve; 6-parotid fascia; 7-External Carotid Artery; 8-parotid gland; 9-styloid process; 10-retrodiaphragmatic cellular space; 11-Internal Carotid Artery; 12-Internal jugular vein; 13-Vagus nerve; 14-Sharpey's septum; 15-retropharyngeal cellular space; 16-prevertebral fascia; 17-Lymph Nodes; 18-visceral cellular space; 19-styloid fascia; 20-sphenopharyngeal fascia; 21-palatine tonsil; 22-circumpharyngeal cellular space.

Figure 56. Deep region of the face.

1-n.mandibularis (V1), a.,v.temporalis media; 2-discus articularis, a.,v.temporalis superfic., n.auriculotemporalis (V3); 3-a.transversa faciei; 4-n.facialis, a.stylomastoidea; 5-a.,v.auricularis posterior; 6-a.meningea media; 7-n.buccalis (V3), a.maxillaris; 8-a.,n.mylohyoideus (V3); 9-a.,n.alveolaris inferior (V3); 10-n.lingualis (V3); 11-a.,v.facialis; 12-a.labialis inferior; 13-a.labialis superior; 14-rr.buccales (VII); 15-a.v.angularis; 16-ductus parotideus (reflexus); 17-n.infraorbitalis (V2); 18-a.,v.buccalis, tuber maxillae; 19-a.,r.zygomaticofacialis (V2); 20-n.maxillaris (V2); a.,v.alveolaris sup. post., n.alveolaris sup. (V2) plexus pterygoideus; 21-n.temporalis profundus (V2).

Figure 57. Circumpharyngeal cellular space on a frontal section. 1-temporosphenoidal (temporomandibular/pterygoid) space; 2-interpterygoid space; 3-pterygopharyngeal space; 4-submandibular gland; 5-medial pterygoid muscle; 6-masseter muscle; 7-lateral pterygoid muscle; 8-deep temporal cellular space; 9-subaponeurotic cellular tissue of the temporal region; 10-interaponeurotic cellular tissue of the temporal region; 11-temporalis muscle; 12-temporal fascia.