BIOTECHNOLOGY - V. H. Herasymenko - 2006
Part I. General Biotechnology
Chapter 1. BIOTECHNOLOGY AS A SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINE
1.1. SUBJECT MATTER AND HISTORY OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
1.2. BIOLOGICAL AGENTS AND METHODS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
1.3. GOALS AND OBJECTIVES OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
Chapter 2. INTERNATIONAL GLP AND GMP SYSTEMS FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY PRODUCT QUALITY
Chapter 3. FUNDAMENTALS OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
3.1.1. Chemical composition of nucleic acids
3.1.2. Structure of nucleic acids
3.2. PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS AND ITS REGULATION
3.2.2. Stages of protein biosynthesis
3.2.3. Regulation of protein synthesis
CHAPTER 4. CELL ENGINEERING
4.2. SOMATIC CELL HYBRIDIZATION TECHNOLOGIES
4.3. NUCLEAR TRANSFER TECHNOLOGY
4.4. GENE TRANSFER TECHNOLOGY INTO SOMATIC CELLS VIA METAPHASE CHROMOSOMES
4.5. BIOTECHNOLOGY OF GENE TRANSFER INTO EUKARYOTIC CELLS VIA DNA (DNA TECHNOLOGY)
4.6. GENE INTRODUCTION. BIOTECHNOLOGY OF TRANSFORMING GERMINAL EMBRYONIC CELLS WITH FOREIGN GENES
CHAPTER 5. FUNDAMENTALS OF GENETIC ENGINEERING
5.1. RECOMBINANT DNA CONSTRUCTION BIOTECHNOLOGY
5.1.1. Obtaining DNA Fragments
5.1.2. Plasmids and Viruses as Donor Vectors of Genetic Information
5.1.3. Construction of Recombinant DNA
5.1.4. Cloning of Recombinant DNA Molecules
5.1.5. Expression of Eukaryotic Genes in Prokaryotic Cells
5.1.6. Prospects and Challenges of Gene Cloning Biotechnology
Part II. Special Biotechnologies
Chapter 7. BIOTECHNOLOGY OF PRODUCTION AND APPLICATION OF IMMOBILIZED PREPARATIONS
7.1. ENZYME ENGINEERING. OBJECTIVES OF ENZYME ENGINEERING
7.2. IMMOBILIZATION OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES AND CELLS
7.3. ENZYME IMMOBILIZATION. OBJECTIVES OF IMMOBILIZATION
7.4. SUPPORTS FOR ENZYME IMMOBILIZATION
7.4.1. Organic Polymeric Supports
7.4.4. Support Modification (Lat. modificatio — change)
7.4.5. Requirements for Supports
7.5. METHODS OF ENZYME IMMOBILIZATION
7.5.1. Physical methods of immobilization
7.5.1.1. Enzyme immobilization by adsorption on insoluble supports
7.5.1.2. Methods of mechanical entrapment of enzyme molecules within the support structure
7.5.2. Chemical methods of immobilization
7.5.2.1. Basic principles for the design of covalently immobilized enzyme preparations
7.5.2.2. Characteristics of reagents
7.6. PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE IMMOBILIZED ENZYME
7.7. CLASSIFICATION OF IMMOBILIZED ENZYMES
7.8. CELL IMMOBILIZATION (ADHESION)
7.8.1. Main methods of cell immobilization
CHAPTER 8. APPLICATION OF IMMOBILIZED PREPARATIONS FOR THERAPEUTIC PURPOSES
8.1. IMMOBILIZATION OF PREPARATIONS. SUPPORTS FOR IMMOBILIZATION
8.2. METHODS OF IMMOBILIZATION AND APPLICATION OF PREPARATIONS
8.3. IMMOBILIZED ENZYME THERAPY
CHAPTER 9. USE OF IMMOBILIZED ENZYMES IN ANALYTICAL PRACTICE
9.1. ANALYTICAL FLOW REACTORS WITH IMMOBILIZED ENZYMES
9.2. ENZYME MICROCALORIMETRIC SENSORS
9.4. BIOLUMINESCENT MICROANALYSIS
9.5. BIOSENSORS WITH IMMOBILIZED ENZYMES
9.6. ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY (ELISA) AND ITS APPLICATIONS
CHAPTER 10. APPLICATIONS OF IMMOBILIZED ENZYMES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
10.1. BIOTECHNOLOGY OF STARCH CONVERSION TO GLUCOSE
10.2. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HIGH-FRUCTOSE SYRUPS
10.3. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR THE PRODUCTION OF GLUCOSE AND ETHANOL FROM CELLULOSE
10.4. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR THE PRODUCTION OF L-MALIC ACID
10.5. APPLICATION OF IMMOBILIZED ENZYME BIOTECHNOLOGIES IN THE DAIRY INDUSTRY
10.6. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR D-PHENYLGLYCINE PRODUCTION
CHAPTER 11. ANTIBIOTIC PRODUCTION BIOTECHNOLOGY
11.1. PRODUCTION OF β-LACTAM ANTIBIOTICS
11.2. MODIFICATION OF β-LACTAM ANTIBIOTICS
11.2.1. Production of 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA)
11.2.2. Production of 7-aminocephalosporanic acid - 7-ACA
11.3. DEVELOPMENT OF NEW BIOTECHNOLOGIES FOR THE PRODUCTION AND APPLICATION OF ANTIBIOTICS
Chapter 12. HORMONE PRODUCTION BIOTECHNOLOGY
12.1. PATHWAYS FOR HORMONE PRODUCTION
12.2.1. Traditional pathways for insulin production
12.2.2. Novel technologies for insulin production
12.3. PRODUCTION OF SOMATOTROPIN
12.3.1. Application of genetically engineered somatotropin in animal husbandry
Chapter 13. BIOTECHNOLOGY OF INTERFERON PRODUCTION
13.1. CLASSES AND TYPES OF INTERFERONS
13.2. TRADITIONAL METHODS FOR INTERFERON PRODUCTION
13.3. GENETIC ENGINEERING METHOD FOR INTERFERON PRODUCTION
13.4. PRODUCTION OF ADVANCED INTERFERONS
13.5. USE OF EXOGENOUS INTERFERON IN VETERINARY MEDICINE AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
Chapter 14. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR THE PRODUCTION OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES (SINGLE-EPITOPE ANTIBODIES)
14.1. TRADITIONAL METHOD FOR ANTIBODY PRODUCTION
14.2. MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES AND HYBRIDOMA TECHNOLOGY
14.3. APPLICATIONS OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES
Chapter 15. BIOTECHNOLOGY AND VACCINES OF THE FUTURE
16.3. METHODS AND ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION
16.4. MODULATION OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE
16.5. ENHANCING THE IMMUNOGENICITY OF DNA VACCINES
Chapter 17. BIOTECHNOLOGY OF VITAMIN PRODUCTION
Chapter 19. BIOTECHNOLOGIES FOR L-AMINO ACID PRODUCTION
19.1. METHODS FOR L-AMINO ACID PRODUCTION
19.2. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR L-METHIONINE PRODUCTION
19.3. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR L-TRYPTOPHAN PRODUCTION
19.4. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR L-LYSINE PRODUCTION
19.5. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR L-THREONINE PRODUCTION
19.6. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR L-ASPARTIC ACID PRODUCTION
19.7. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR L-GLUTAMIC ACID PRODUCTION
Chapter 20. ENZYME PRODUCTION BIOTECHNOLOGY
20.2. CULTIVATION METHODS FOR ENZYME-PRODUCING MICROORGANISMS
20.3. PRODUCTION OF COMMERCIAL FORMS OF ENZYME PREPARATIONS
20.3.2. Purification of enzyme preparations
20.3.4. Standardization of enzyme preparations
20.3.5. Identification and indexing of enzyme preparations
20.4. INDUSTRIAL ENZYME PREPARATIONS
Chapter 21. PROTEIN PRODUCTION BIOTECHNOLOGY
21.1. PRODUCTION OF SINGLE-CELL PROTEINS
21.2. MICROORGANISMS AS PROTEIN PRODUCERS
21.3. BASIC FLOWCHART FOR MICROBIAL PROTEIN PRODUCTION
21.4. MICROBIAL PROTEIN PRODUCTION FROM PETROLEUM REFINING BY-PRODUCTS
21.5. MICROBIAL PROTEIN PRODUCTION USING NATURAL GAS (METHANE)
21.6. MICROBIAL PROTEIN PRODUCTION FROM LOWER ALCOHOLS – METHANOL AND ETHANOL
21.7. MICROBIAL PROTEIN PRODUCTION FROM PLANT WASTE HYDROLYSATES
21.8. SINGLE-CELL ALGAL PROTEIN PRODUCTION
21.9. PRODUCTION OF HIGH-PROTEIN FEED SUPPLEMENTS FROM RENEWABLE RAW MATERIALS
21.9.1. Submerged culture fermentation, or deep cultivation of microorganisms
21.9.2. Solid-state fermentation of plant raw materials
21.10. MICROBIAL PROTEIN IN HUMAN NUTRITION
Chapter 22. BIOTECHNOLOGIES FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT AND BIOCONVERSION IN THE AGRO-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX
22.1. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF LIVESTOCK WASTE
22.2. METHODS OF MANURE MANAGEMENT AND DISPOSAL
22.2.1. Traditional methods. Use of manure as organic fertilizer
22.2.2. Mineralization of organic matter in soil and water bodies
22.2.3. Incorporation of manure into farm animal diets
22.3. NON-TRADITIONAL METHODS. BIOTECHNOLOGY OF BIOGAS PRODUCTION VIA ANAEROBIC WASTE DIGESTION
22.3.1. Biomethanogenesis and its stages
22.3.2. Factors affecting biomethanogenesis and their optimization
22.3.3. Technical and technological aspects of biogas production
22.3.3.1. Composition and global distribution of biogas plants
22.3.3.2. Design features of biogas plant reactors
22.3.3.3. Classification of biogas plants by operational principle
22.3.3.4. Technical and Technological Levels of ADP
22.3.4. Fractions Generated during Biomethanogenesis
22.3.4.1. Biogas: Composition and Utilization
22.3.4.2. Sludge: Composition and Utilization
22.3.4.3. Liquid Fraction: Composition and Utilization
22.3.5. Ways to Improve Biogas Production
22.3.6. Current State of Biogas Production in Europe and Worldwide
22.3.7. State of Biogas Production in Ukraine
Chapter 23. BIOTECHNOLOGY OF ORGANIC WASTE UTILIZATION VIA VERMICULTIVATION
23.1. GENERAL OVERVIEW AND BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF EARTHWORMS
23.2. METHODS OF EARTHWORM CULTIVATION
23.3. PREPARATION OF SUBSTRATE (FEED) FOR EARTHWORMS
23.5. CONDITIONS FOR MAINTAINING EARTHWORMS IN BEDS
23.6. ASSESSMENT OF THE EARTHWORM POPULATION STATE
23.7. METHODOLOGY FOR BED DIVISION
23.8. WINTER VERMICULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY
23.9. VERMICULTIVATION IN HOME GARDENS
23.10. VERMICULTURE: COMPOSITION AND UTILIZATION
23.11. VERMICOMPOST: COMPOSITION AND UTILIZATION
Chapter 24. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS FROM THE UNICELLULAR ALGA SPIRULINA
24.1. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SPIRULINA
24.2. COMPOSITION OF THE NUTRIENT MEDIUM FOR CULTIVATING SPIRULINA
24.3. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF SPIRULINA BIOMASS
24.4. APPLICATIONS OF SPIRULINA BIOMASS
24.5. TECHNOLOGY OF SPIRULINA CULTIVATION FOR ANIMAL FEEDING
24.6. CULTIVATION OF SPIRULINA FOR THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY