BIOTECHNOLOGY - V. H. Herasymenko - 2006

Part I. General Biotechnology

CHAPTER 4. CELL ENGINEERING

Review Questions

1. What is Cell engineering?

2. What problems are solved using cell engineering?

3. What is the fundamental property of Introduction/5.html">Eukaryotic Cell Cultures?

4. Name the currently existing hypotheses of Cell Aging and death.

5. Which cultivation parameters affect the functional state of Cells in culture?

6. What Types of nutrient media are used for cell cultivation?

7. Name the Main Components of a nutrient medium.

8. The addition of which substances to the nutrient medium can enhance the proliferative capacity of cells?

9. What are the substances that enhance Cell Division called?

10. What is contact inhibition (topo-inhibition)?

11. What factors are involved in the Regulation of Cell growth in culture?

12. What Methods can be used to obtain cell mass for cultivation?

13. Which Enzymes are used for Cell wall degradation?

14. What is somatic cell Hybridization?

15. What are hybrid cells?

16. Where is the method of somatic hybridization applied?

17. What are The properties of a hybridoma?

18. Who are the pioneers of hybridoma technology?

19. Name the main factors that promote or, conversely, block the Cell Fusion process.

20. What methods of hybrid cell Selection do you know?

21. What are cytoplasts?

22. What is meant by the term karyoplast?

23. What is enucleation?

24. What enucleation methods are used to obtain karyoplasts?

25. Name the properties of cytoplasts and karyoplasts.

26. How is nuclear transplantation performed?

27. How does The Cell reconstruction process take place?

28. What factors determine the efficiency of cell reconstruction?

29. Name the stages of introducing isolated interphase nuclei enclosed in a lipid membrane into somatic cells.

30. What are cybrids?

31. Name the main technological approaches for obtaining cybrids.

32. The Essence and potential Applications of transferring exogenous genetic material into a recipient cell using metaphase Chromosomes.

33. What are recombinant DNA libraries and what is The Scope of their application?

34. WHAT IS A macrotransgene?

35. What is meant by a microtransgene?

36. Name the factors that influence the penetration of donor chromosomes into recipient cells.

37. Stages of genetic material transfer into recipient cells.

38. What criteria are used to monitor The transfer of genetic material from a donor cell mediated by metaphase chromosomes?

39. What DNA is used for Gene transfer into somatic cells?

40. The presence of which key factors is necessary for the transformation of mammalian cells in culture?

41. How is an increase in transformation efficiency achieved?

42. What selection schemes exist for recessive and dominant genes?

43. What vectors are used for gene transplantation as part of total DNA into recipient somatic cells?

44. Name the methods for transferring cloned genes into somatic cells.

45. What is targeted transformation?

46. For what purpose is targeted transformation of eukaryotic organisms, including mammals, carried out via the introduction of genes into Germ Cells?

47. When was egg cell transformation first successfully achieved?

48. What cellular elements were used as donor material in egg cell transformation?

49. What serves as a vector when introducing cloned genes into germ cells?

50. Name the stages of transformation.

51. What medium is used to separate transformed cells from untransformed ones?

52. What are the consequences of transformation?

53. The scientific significance of transformation.

54. The applied significance of transformation.