BIOTECHNOLOGY - V. H. Herasymenko - 2006

Part I. General Biotechnology

Chapter 3. FUNDAMENTALS OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Review Questions

1. What Types of Nucleic acids are carried by All living organisms?

2. What is the Biological Role of Nucleic Acids?

3. Chemical Structure of Nucleic Acids.

4. What does the Chemical composition of Nucleic Acids depend on?

5. Chemical Structure of purine bases.

6. Chemical structure of pyrimidine bases.

7. What is the difference in structure between DNA and RNA?

8. What is the difference between the Functions of DNA and RNA?

9. The primary function of DNA.

10. What compounds are called NUCLEOTIDES?

11. Chemical structure of nucleosides.

12. Name the types of RNA and their functions.

13. What LEVELS OF STRUCTURAL Organization do nucleic acids exhibit?

14. What determines the Introduction/19.html">Primary Structure of nucleic acids?

15. Secondary structure of nucleic acids.

16. What is the human genetic map?

17. When was the primary structure of human DNA first established?

18. What is the complementarity rule?

19. What determines the base complementarity of DNA fragments?

20. When and by whom was the secondary structure of DNA proposed?

21. What is the secondary structure of DNA?

22. What ensures the Stability of the double-helical structure of DNA?

23. What types of double helix exist in DNA and RNA?

24. What are the differences among various DNA molecules?

25. What is the characteristic feature of the Tertiary Structure of nucleic acids?

26. What determines the tertiary structure of nucleic acids?

27. Which Enzymes are involved in the supercoiling of eukaryotic DNA?

28. Name the Proteins that participate in DNA Supercoiling.

29. Which Amino Acids predominate in the proteins responsible for DNA supercoiling?

30. What are nucleosomes?

31. Modes of spatial DNA packing.

32. What causes the spatial packing of DNA?

33. What information does the DNA helix contain?

34. What are nucleophilic groups?

35. Which groups are referred to as electrophilic?

36. How does METABOLISM/36.html">DNA Replication take place?

37. Which enzymes are involved in DNA replication?

38. WHAT IS A prerequisite for DNA replication?

39. What is a Replication fork?

40. What does RNA Transcription mean?

41. Which enzymes are involved in the transcription process?

42. What are RNA transcripts?

43. What is the difference in the Translation of prokaryotic and eukaryotic RNA transcripts?

44. What is The Genetic Code?

45. What are the Structural Features of a Gene?

46. When and by whom was the genetic code deciphered?

47. Is the genetic code universal for all organisms?

48. What factors are involved in the transmission of information from DNA to protein?

49. What is codon-anticodon recognition and interaction?

50. The Essence of The Wobble Hypothesis.

51. Name the stages of Protein Biosynthesis.

52. What is Amino Acid Activation and where does it take place?

53. Which cellular components are involved in protein biosynthesis?

54. What are adapters?

55. What is a ribosome?

56. How does the initiation of the polypeptide chain occur?

57. What is the initiation complex?

58. Stages of Formation of the initiation complex.

59. What does the elongation process entail?

60. What is translocation?

61. What is termination?

62. What is polypeptide chain Processing?

63. How do the folding and Processing of the polypeptide chain take place?

64. Name the main Factors affecting the folding and processing of the polypeptide chain.

65. Name the pathways regulating Protein Synthesis.

66. Name the Molecular and genetic mechanisms regulating The rate of Protein synthesis in prokaryotes.

67. What is The Role of Inducers and what is their MECHANISM OF ACTION?