BIOTECHNOLOGY - V. H. Herasymenko - 2006

Part II. Special Biotechnologies

Chapter 22. BIOTECHNOLOGIES FOR WASTE UTILIZATION AND BIOCONVERSION IN THE AGRO-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX

22.2. METHODS OF MANURE UTILIZATION

All existing Methods of livestock waste management can be conditionally divided into two groups: traditional and non-traditional.

Traditional Methods utilize natural biological systems such as soil and Water bodies. Utilization is carried out by biological agents—microorganisms, earthworms, Arthropods, and others. The choice of biological system largely depends on the consistency of the manure biomass, which, depending on the housing and manure removal technology, can be solid (moisture content up to 80%), semi-liquid (moisture content 81–90%), and liquid (moisture content exceeding 91%).

Non-traditional methods include manure utilization via anaerobic Digestion (methane Fermentation) and vermiculture, employing biological agents such as anaerobic methanogenic microorganisms and earthworms.



Last update: 11/08/2026

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