Genetics - A. V. Sivolob 2008



Introduction

The Nature of Genetic Material

DNA Structure

Chemical Structure of Nucleic Acids

The Double Helix

Protein-Nucleic Acid Interactions

The pathway of information transfer in living systems: the "central dogma" of molecular genetics

DNA as a Genetic Text: Genome Organization

Structural Organization of DNA in Cells

Chromatin Structure

Chromosomes

DNA Replication

DNA Repair

Direct Repair

Excision Repair

Mismatch Repair

Inaccurate DNA Synthesis

Repair of Double-Strand Breaks

Homologous DNA Recombination

Cell Cycle and Cell Division in Eukaryotes

Basic Patterns of Inheritance

Gene Expression

Genetic Code

Protein Synthesis

Transfer RNA

The Ribosome and the Mechanism of Translation

Gene Expression in Prokaryotes

Transcription

Regulation of Transcription

Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Gene expression in eukaryotes

Transcription initiation

Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Transcription elongation, processing, and termination of mRNA synthesis

Gene expression in eukaryotes

Features of protein synthesis in eukaryotes

Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Transcriptional Regulation

RNA Interference

Alternative Splicing

What is a gene?

Formal Genetics: Patterns of Trait Inheritance

Mendel's Laws

Monohybrid Crosses

Interaction of Alleles of a Single Gene

Dihybrid and Polyhybrid Crosses

Deviations from Mendelian Ratios

Determination of Deviation: The χ2 Test

Formal genetics: patterns of trait inheritance

Deviations from Mendelian segregations

Causes of statistically significant deviations from Mendelian segregation ratios

Formal Genetics: Patterns of Trait Inheritance

Interaction of Non-Allelic Genes

Quantitative Traits

Chromosomes as Linkage Groups of Genes

Formal genetics: patterns of trait inheritance

Chromosomes as linkage groups of genes

Inheritance of sex-linked traits

Formal Genetics: Patterns of Trait Inheritance

Crossing Over

Genetic Consequences of Exchanges Between Homologous Chromosomes

Formal genetics: patterns of trait inheritance

Crossing over

Double crossing over

Formal Genetics: Patterns of Trait Inheritance

Crossing Over

Interference

Crossing-over

Gene Conversion

Crossing Over

Unequal Crossing Over

Crossing-over

Mitotic crossing-over

Variability of Genetic Material

Types of Mutations

Molecular Mechanisms of Mutational Variability

DNA Damage Occurring During Cellular Metabolism

Replication and Repair Errors

Mechanisms of Polyploidy and Aneuploidy Origin

Induction of Mutations by Mutagenic Factors

Consequences of Mutational Variability

Modification Variability

Genetics of bacteria, viruses, and unicellular eukaryotes

Genetics of Bacteria, Viruses, and Unicellular Eukaryotes

Organization of the Prokaryotic Genetic Apparatus

Exchange of Genetic Material Between Bacteria

Bacteriophages

Site-Specific Recombination

Bacteriophage Life Cycle

Eukaryotic Viruses

Unicellular Eukaryotes

Yeast

Ciliate

Genetics of Multicellular Eukaryotes

Eukaryotic Genomes

General Structural Features of Eukaryotic Genomes

Genetic Effects of Mobile Element Activity

Evolutionary Genome Alteration

Programmed Genomic Rearrangements: V(D)J Recombination of Immunoglobulin Genes

Epigenetic Inheritance

HP1-Dependent Repression System

DNA Methylation

Heterochromatin and RNA Interference

Gene Position Effect

Cytoplasmic Inheritance: Mitochondrial and Chloroplast Genetics

Cytoplasmic Heredity: Mitochondrial and Chloroplast Genetics

Mitochondrial Genomes

Cytoplasmic Inheritance: Mitochondrial and Chloroplast Genetics

Chloroplast Genome

Main Characteristics of Organelle Gene Inheritance

Sex Genetics

Mechanisms of Sex Determination

Genetics of Sex

Trait Inheritance and Sex

Sex Genetics

Gene Dosage Compensation and the Evolution of Sex Chromosomes

Genetics of Individual Development

Genetic Control of Drosophila Development

Development of Caenorhabditis elegans

Human Genetics

Humans as a Genetic Subject

Human Genome

Determination of inheritance types in humans. Pedigree analysis

Quantitative and Multifactorial Human Traits

Twin and Adoption Studies

Genetic Disorders

Genetics of Cancer

Genetic Aspects of Human Evolution

Population genetics

Population Genetics

Properties of a Population

Abundance

Variability

Structuring

Properties of the Population

Mating Systems

Genetic structure of a population. Hardy-Weinberg law

Factors of Population Genetic Structure Dynamics

Factors of the Dynamics of Population Genetic Structure

Genetic Drift

Inbreeding

Mutations

Migrations

Selection

Evolutionary Processes

Genetic Engineering and Molecular Genetics Methods

Methods of Genetic Engineering

Key Enzymes in Genetic Engineering

Genetic Engineering and Methods of Molecular Genetics

DNA Cloning

Genomic Libraries

Polymerase Chain Reaction

Analysis of Gene and Genome Structure and Expression

Expression of Recombinant Proteins

Genetic Engineering of Microbiological Systems

Genetic Engineering and Molecular Genetics Methods

Plant Genetic Engineering

Genetic engineering and methods of molecular genetics

Animal genetic engineering

Genetic Engineering and Molecular Genetics Methods

Gene Therapy

Key milestones in the development of genetics

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