Genetics - A. V. Sivolob 2008

Genetics of Multicellular Eukaryotes
Sex Genetics

Sexual reproduction, characteristic of higher eukaryotes, involves two sexes whose representatives each transmit a single haploid set of genes to their offspring. Sex can be defined as the complex of morphological, physiological, and behavioral traits associated with organismal reproduction that differentiate male and female individuals. The Development of these traits during ontogeny—Sex Determination—is a complex process involving A large number of diverse genes and additional modulating factors capable of influencing the developmental pathway toward either the male or female sex.

The General scheme of sex determination is shown in Fig. 6.15. The initial stage involves the action of sex-determining factors on the egg Cell, zygote, or individual. These may include environmental factors (such as Temperature or nutrient availability in the egg cell) as well as genetic factors (the presence of sex-determining genes in the zygote). The action of the sex-determining factor triggers the expression of a corresponding master Gene, which in turn influences The activity of other genes governing the development of female or male Gonads. Gonadal Cells begin to produce sex-specific Hormones, which subsequently regulate the expression of genes responsible for the Formation of primary sexual characteristics—the internal and external genitalia. Later on, secondary sexual characteristics appear (the additional features that distinguish the sexes following Puberty).

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Fig. 6.15. General scheme of sex determination



Last update: 11/08/2026

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