Biochemistry - Chemical Reactions in Living Cells, Volume 3 - D. Metzler 1980



Light in Biology

Properties of Light

Light Absorption by Matter

Quantitative Aspects of Light Absorption

Absorption of Light by Matter

Energy Levels of Molecules

Light Absorption by Matter

Infrared Spectra

Absorption of Light by Matter

Electronic Spectra

Light Absorption by Matter

Circular Dichroism and Optical Rotary Dispersion

Fluorescence and Phosphorescence

Fluorescence Polarization

Intramolecular Energy Transfer

Triplet States

Photochemistry

Chemical Equilibrium in the Excited State

Photochemical reactions involving nucleic acid bases

Photosynthesis

Two Photosystems

Photophosphorylation

Pigments and Their Environment

Structure of Chloroplasts

Reaction Centers and the Initial Stage of the Photochemical Process

Electron Transport Chains in Chloroplasts

Photochemical reactions involving carotenoid pigments

Regulation of Photosynthesis

Specific Adaptation

Photosynthetic Hydrogen Production

Vision

Structure of the Rod Outer Segment

Chemical Nature of Chromophores in Visual Pigments

Light-Induced Transformations

Nerve Impulse

Regeneration of Visual Pigments

Bacteriorhodopsin

Other Types of Light-Induced Reactions

Phytochrome

Other Types of Light-Driven Reactions

Blue Light Responses

Other Types of Light Reactions

Bioluminescence

Other Types of Light-Driven Reactions

References

Metabolism of Nitrogen-Containing Compounds

N2 Fixation and Other Reactions of Inorganic Nitrogen Compounds

Metabolism of Nitrogenous Compounds

N2 Fixation and Other Transformations of Inorganic Nitrogen Compounds

Reduction of Elemental Nitrogen

Metabolism of Nitrogen-Containing Compounds

The Nitrogenase Enzyme System

Mechanism of Reduction

Metabolism of Nitrogenous Compounds

Incorporation of NH3 into Amino Acids and Proteins

Metabolism of Nitrogen-Containing Compounds

Glutamate Dehydrogenase and Glutamate Synthase

Glutamine Synthetase

Metabolism of Nitrogenous Compounds

Uptake of Amino Acids by Cells

Metabolism of Nitrogen-Containing Compounds

Nitrogen Turnover in Cells

Synthesis and Catabolism of Compounds Belonging to the Glutamic Acid Family

Proline and Arginine

Metabolism of Nitrogenous Compounds

Urea Cycle

Synthesis and catabolism of compounds belonging to the glutamic acid family

Transfer of amidino groups and synthesis of creatine

Metabolism of Nitrogen-Containing Compounds

Synthesis and Catabolism of Compounds Belonging to the Glutamic Acid Family

Polyamines

Catabolism of Glutamate and Related Amino Acids

Nitrogen Compound Metabolism

Compounds Derived from Aspartate

Metabolism of Nitrogenous Compounds

Regulation of Biosynthetic Reactions from Aspartate

Lysine, Diaminopimelate, Dipicolinic Acid, and Carnitine

Catabolism of Lysine

Methionine Metabolism

Metabolism of Nitrogen-Containing Compounds

Threonine Metabolism

Alanine and Branched-Chain Amino Acids

Metabolism of Nitrogenous Compounds

Catabolism

Ketogenic and Glucogenic Amino Acids

Serine and Glycine

Biosynthetic Pathways Originating from Serine

Metabolism of Nitrogen-Containing Compounds

Glycine Catabolism

Metabolism of Nitrogenous Compounds

Biosynthetic Pathways Originating from Glycine

Metabolism of Nitrogen-Containing Compounds

Porphobilinogen, Porphyrins, and Related Compounds

Cysteine and Sulfur Metabolism

Metabolism of Nitrogenous Compounds

Metabolism of Aromatic Compounds

Nitrogen Compound Metabolism

Aromatic Compound Metabolism

Enzymes of the Shikimate Pathway

Metabolism of Nitrogen-Containing Compounds

Metabolism of Aromatic Compounds

Chorismic acid

Metabolism of Nitrogenous Compounds

Anthranilic acid and tryptophan

Synthesis of Ubiquinones, Plastoquinones, Tocopherols, and Vitamin K

Phenylalanine and Tyrosine Metabolism in Animals and Bacteria

Nitrogen Compound Metabolism

Aromatic Compound Metabolism

Phenylalanine and Tyrosine Metabolism in Plants

Metabolism of Nitrogenous Compounds

Tryptophan Metabolism and NAD Synthesis

Metabolism of Nitrogen-Containing Compounds

Histidine Metabolism

Regulation of Amino Acid Metabolism

Histidine Catabolism

Metabolism of Nitrogenous Compounds

Metabolism of Pyrimidines and Purines

Biosynthesis of Pyrimidines

Pyrimidine and Purine Metabolism

Catabolism of Pyrimidine Nucleotides and Nucleosides

Metabolism of Nitrogen-Containing Compounds

Purine Biosynthesis

Nitrogen Compound Metabolism

Salvage Pathways

Metabolism of Nitrogenous Compounds

Metabolism of Pyrimidines and Purines

Oxidative Purine Metabolism

Metabolism of Nitrogen-Containing Compounds

Pyrimidine and Purine Metabolism

Purine Nucleotide Cycle

Metabolism of Nitrogenous Compounds

Folic Acid, Flavins, and Dimethylbenzimidazole

Metabolism of Nitrogen-Containing Compounds

Folic acid, flavins, and dimethylbenzimidazole

References

Biochemical Genetics and the Synthesis of Nucleic Acids and Proteins

How the Present Concept Arose

How the Present Concepts Evolved

DNA as the Genetic Material

Origins of the Current Concept

The Genetic Code

How the Current Concepts Developed

DNA Replication

How the Current Concept Developed

Ribonucleic Acids and Proteins

Transcription of RNA Molecules

Operon

RNA Polymerases and Their Regulation

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Transcription in Eukaryotic Cells

Translation of Genetic Information. Protein Synthesis

Chemical Composition of Ribosomes

Protein Synthesis

Genetic Methods

Types of Mutations

Mapping the Bacteriophage Chromosome

Cistron

Establishing Correlation Between Genetic Maps and Amino Acid Sequences

Conditional Lethal Mutations

The Nature of Suppressor Genes

Biochemical genetics and the synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins

Genetic methods

Plasmids and episomes

Biochemical Genetics and the Synthesis of Nucleic Acids and Proteins

Genetic Methods

Temperate Bacteriophages. Phage λ

Genetics of Eukaryotic Organisms

DNA Replication

Physical and Topological Problems

Biochemical genetics and the synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins

DNA replication

Direction of replication

Biochemical Genetics and the Synthesis of Nucleic Acids and Proteins

DNA Replication

Denaturation Maps

Enzymes of DNA Synthesis

Viral DNA Replication

DNA Restriction and Modification

Restriction Endonucleases

Modifying Methylases

Restriction Enzymes in DNA Nucleotide Sequencing

Recombination, Integration, and Excision

Mechanisms of Recombination

Nonreciprocal Recombination

Unequal Crossing Over

DNA Integration and Excision

Reverse Transcriptase

Mutations, Cancer, and Genetic Engineering

Chemical Mutagens

Repair of Damaged DNA

Environmental Mutagens

Gene Surgery

The Eukaryotic Chromosome and Its Control

Organization

Nuclear Proteins

Poly (ADP-ribose)

References

Cell Growth, Differentiation, and Chemical Communication

Hormones

Vertebrate Hormones

Insect Hormones

Plant Hormones

Neurochemistry

Properties of Neurons

Structure of the Brain

Neural Pathways and Systems

Growth, Differentiation, and Chemical Communication in Cells

Neurotransmitters

Cell Growth, Differentiation, and Chemical Communication

Mental Illnesses and Pharmaceuticals

Narcotics and Psychotropic Substances

Smell and Taste

Metabolism in Neurons and the Chemistry of Thought

Tissue Differentiation and Developmental Biology

Physiological Modulation and Various Developmental Programs

Animal Embryonic Development

Cell Growth, Differentiation, and Chemical Signaling

Hormonal Regulation of Growth

Growth, Differentiation, and Chemical Communication in Cells

Cell Recognition

Developmental Programs in Multicellular Organisms

Cell Growth, Differentiation, and Chemical Communication

Changes in DNA Content

Immune Response

Environmental Issues (Author's Personal Note)

Growth, Differentiation, and Intercellular Chemical Communication

References

Construction of Molecular Models

Ball-and-stick models

Spatial Models

Cardboard Models

Brief Overview of the Information Provided in the Supplements