Pharmacognosy with the Basics of Plant Biochemistry - Kovalyov V. M. 2004

Appendices

Table 1

Pharmacological action and use of herbal medicinal products containing Polysaccharides

Name of plant raw material	Name of substance or medicinal product	Pharmacological action	Active substances
	Homopolysaccharides and their derivatives
Sources of Cellulose	Cotton wool	Absorbent	Cellulose
Cotton — Gossypium spp.	Canoxicel	Hemostatic	Cellulose with antibiotic
fam. mallows — Malvaceae	Hemostatic viscose	Same as above	Viscose fabric treated with 20% nitrogen oxide
Cellulose derivatives — carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)	Amicelon	Adsorbent of Bacteria, toxins, and wound exudate	CMC + chlorhexidine
Sources of starch Potato tubers — Amylum Solani Wheat grain — Amylum Tritici	Starch, soluble starch, dextrin	Enveloping, corrective	Homopolysaccharides amylose and amylopectin
Corn grain — Amylum Maydis	Volecam	Improves Blood rheological properties	Oxyethylated amylopectin starch
Rice grain - Amylum Oryzae	Galmanin, baby powder	Drying	Starch, talc
Source of dextran Sucrose processed by bacteria of the species Leuconostoc mesenteroides	Polyglucin, rheogluman, rheomacrodex, rheopolyglucin	Plasma substitute	Dextran with a Molecular Weight of 40,000
Sources of inulin Jerusalem artichoke tubers (earth pear) — Tubera Helianthi tuberosi	Inulin, phytodiabetin, Inulin and Sodium	Affects Carbohydrate METABOLISM, particularly in Diabetes Mellitus	Fructans
Chicory roots — Radices Cichorii intybi Inula roots — Radices Inulae Dandelion roots — Radices Taraxaci Burdock roots - Radices Bardanae (R. Arctii lappae) Dahlia tubers — Tubera Dahliae variabilis	Inulin injection Food supplements with Jerusalem artichoke extract or inulin	Diagnostic agent
Rhizomes and roots of purple coneflower — Rhizomata et radices Echinaceae purpureae All plants of fam. Asteraceae	Tincture, immunal	Immunostimulating, antioxidant, membrane-stabilizing, anti-inflammatory	Fructans, Phenolic Compounds
Sources of Agar Thalli of Algae of the genera Gracilaria, Gelidium, Ahnfeltia Red algae — Rhodophyta	Agar-agar	Mild laxative, base for nutrient media for Cell and microorganism culture	Homopolysaccharides of the galactan group, Proteins, fiber
Sources of carrageenan Thalli of red algae of the genera Chondrus, Gigartina, Hypnea, and Phyllophora	Carrageenan	Emulsifying, stabilizer of protein solutions	Sulfated homopolysaccharides of the galactan group, proteins, fiber
Heteropolysaccharides (Gums, mucilages, and pectic substances)
Sources of gum Astragalus species — Astragalus spp., subgenus Tragacantha Acacia species — Acacia spp. legumes — Fabaceae Apricot — Armeniaca vulgaris, roses — Rosaceae	Tragacanth Gum arabic Apricot gum	Emulsifying, adsorbing, prolongs the action of other BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES	Mixture of neutral and acidic polysaccharides, proteins, and mineral salts
Guar seeds (carob) — Cyamopsis tetragonolobus legumes — Fabaceae	Guarem	Hypoglycemic, hypocholesterolemic, antihypertensive	Guar gum in the form of gelling fibers
Marshmallow roots — Radices Althaeae Marshmallow — Althaea officinalis Armenian marshmallow — Althaea armeniaca mallows — Malvaceae Marshmallow herb — Herba Althaeae officinalis	Infusion, dry extract, marshmallow ROOT syrup, children's cough mixture, pectoral collection Cold Water infusion (marshmallow root mucilage) Mukaltin	Expectorant, anti-inflammatory, enveloping, emollient Enveloping, analgesic, reparative, protective in gastric diseases Expectorant	Mixture of polysaccharides, asparagine, betaine Mucilage Mixture of polysaccharides
Flax seeds — Semina Lini Flax — Linum usitatissimum flax family — Linaceae	Aqueous mucilage infusion, poultices Seeds with a large amount of water	Enveloping, emollient, laxative due to Swelling and volume increase	Mucilage
Fleawort seeds — Semina Psyllii Fleawort — Plantago psyllium plantain family — Plantaginaceae	Same as above	Same as above and anti-inflammatory in chronic colitis	Mucilage, seed cellulose
Blonde psyllium seeds — Semina Plantaginis ovatae Blonde psyllium — Plantago ovata	Agiolax	Laxative	Mucilages and seed coat cellulose
Greater plantain leaves — Folia Plantaginis majoris Greater plantain — Plantago major	Infusion, tincture, pectoral collection Plantaglucid	Anti-inflammatory, expectorant, stimulates regenerative processes Anti-inflammatory, spasmolytic, anti-ulcer with reduced gastric juice acidity	Pectic substances, aucubin, Flavonoids Purified polysaccharide complex with a high content of uronic acids
Fresh greater plantain herb — Herba Plantaginis majoris recens Fresh fleawort herb — Herba Plantaginis psyllii recens	Plantain cough juice	Same as above and for the Treatment of Upper Respiratory Tract diseases	Iridoid aucubin, flavonoids, polysaccharides, Vitamins, Peptides
Coltsfoot leaves — Folia Farfarae Coltsfoot — Tussilago farfara aster family — Asteraceae	Infusion	Expectorant, anti-inflammatory	Mucilages
White butterbur leaves — Folia Petasites officinalis Hybrid butterbur — Petasites hybridus syn. P. officinalis, aster family — Asteraceae	Same as above	Expectorant	Inulin; sesqui- and triterpenoids, saponins, pyrrolizidine Alkaloids, flavonoids
Couch grass rhizomes — Rhizomata Graminis Couch grass — Elytrigia repens syn. Agropyron repens grasses — Poaceae	Phytolysin	Diuretic, diaphoretic, expectorant, metabolic regulator	Fructan triticin (up to 10%), free fructose (up to 4%), mannitol, meso-Inositol, phenolic compound avenin, saponins, salts of K, Fe, silicic acid
Linden inflorescences ("linden blossom") — Flores Tiliae Littleleaf linden — Tilia cordata, linden family — Tiliaceae	Infusion	Anti-inflammatory, enveloping, immunostimulating	Complex of biologically active substances together with polysaccharides
Mullein flowers — Flores Verbasci Mullein species — Verbascum spp., figwort family — Scrophulariaceae	Infusion	Emollient, expectorant, spasmolytic	Mucilages, Pectins, Monosaccharides, saponins
Chamomile flowers — Flores Chamomillae German chamomile — Matricaria chamomilla aster family — Asteraceae	Camiloflan	Anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer	Complex of polysaccharides and flavonoids
Iceland moss thalli — Lichen islandicus Iceland moss — Cetraria islandica Lichens — Lichenes	Pectosol Sodium usnate in fir balsam	Expectorant, antibacterial, soothing, antimicrobial, reparative	Mucilage, organic lichen acids, iodine
Dark lungwort herb — Herba Pulmonariae obscurae Dark lungwort — Pulmonaria obscura, borage family — Boraginaceae	Bronchicum Bronchiflux	Expectorant	Dehydrated extract
Kelp thalli (seaweed) — Thalli Laminariae Laminaria saccharina, L. japonica, L. digitata, kelp family — Laminariaceae	Laminarid Sodium alginate, algogel, algisorb Algofin	Mild laxative, hemostatic, for geriatric clinical Nutrition and hyperthyroidism Reparative	Salts of alginic and polyuronic acids, organic iodine compounds, Essential Amino Acids
Bladderwrack — Fucus vesiculosus Knotted wrack — Ascophyllum nodosum Brown algae — Fucaceae	Infusion	Lipolytic, antibacterial	Mucilage, organic iodine compounds, polyphenols
Sources of pectin Apple fruits — Fructus Mali domesticae Beet root vegetables — Radices Betae vulgaris	Pectin Quercetin granules on pectin	Enterosorbent, gastroprotective, antacid, hypocholesterolemic	Pectic acid and its salts
Fig fruits — Fructus Fici caricae Common fig — Ficus carica, mulberry family — Moraceae	Cafiol Regulax	Laxative, sorbing	Pectic substances
Plum fruits — Fructus Pruni domesticae	Same as above	Same as above	Same as above

Table 2

Enzymatic medicinal products manufactured in CIS countries

Source of derivation	Name of substance or medicinal product	Pharmacological action	Active substances
Animal-derived products
Gastric mucosa of lambs and calves	Abomin	Proteolytic, regulates digestive processes	Sum of proteinases
Porcine Pancreas	Andecalin	Dilates peripheral vessels, hypotensive	Pepsin and other proteinases
Porcine gastric mucosa	Acidin-pepsin	Proteolytic, regulates digestive processes	Pepsin
Pancreatin from slaughterhouse livestock pancreas	Vigeratin	Lipotropic, hepatoprotective	Trypsin, amylase, lipase
Bovine pancreas	Dalcextrypsin	Local proteolytic, wound-healing	Crystalline trypsin
Bovine pancreas and intestinal mucosa	Deoxyribonuclease	Lyses purulent masses, antiviral	Deoxyribonuclease
Porcine pancreas	Elastolitin	Proteolytic, mucolytic	Elastase
Slaughterhouse livestock pancreas	Collagenase	Local proteolytic, acts primarily on Collagen fibers	Collagenase
Bovine Testes	Lidase	Increases tissue permeability	Hyaluronidase
Chicken egg white	Lysozyme	Bacteriolytic	Lysozyme
Slaughterhouse livestock pancreas	Pancreatin	Proteolytic, regulates digestive processes	Trypsin, amylase, lipase
Porcine gastric mucosa	Pepysidil	Proteolytic, regulates digestive processes	Proteinase
Porcine gastric mucosa	Pepsin	Proteolytic, regulates digestive processes	Pepsin
Bovine pancreas	Ribonuclease	Anti-inflammatory, liquefies purulent masses, sputum, and mucus	Ribonuclease
Bovine testes	Ronidase	Locally increases tissue permeability	Hyaluronidase
Natural gastric juice of dogs and horses	Natural gastric juice	Proteolytic, regulates Digestion	Pepsin
Bovine pancreas	Crystalline trypsin	Proteolytic, anti-inflammatory, lyses necrotic masses and purulent exudates	Trypsin
Human Blood Plasma	Fibrinolysin	Local fibrinolytic	Fibrinolysin
Human blood plasma	Fibrinolysin, ocular films	Local fibrinolytic	Same as above
Slaughterhouse livestock pancreas	Chymopsin	Local anti-inflammatory, proteolytic, antiseptic	Chymotrypsin, trypsin
Slaughterhouse livestock pancreas	Chymotrypsin	Proteolytic, anti-inflammatory	Chymotrypsin
Slaughterhouse livestock pancreas and intestinal mucosa	Holenzym	Improves digestion, choleretic action	Trypsin, amylase, lipase
Bovine heart Tissues	Cytochrome C	Antihypoxic	Cytochrome C
Microbial culture products
Bacillus subtilis	a-Amylase	Amylolytic, regulates digestion	Amylase
Escherichia coli	L-Asparaginase	Anticancer	Asparaginase
Aspergillus	Asperase	Local proteolytic	Protease
Aspergillus oryzae	Orase	Regulates digestive processes	Amylase, maltase, protease, lipase
Bacillus licheniformis	Penicillinase	Inactivates Penicillins	Penicillinase
Bacillus subtilis	Profezym	Local proteolytic	Proteinase
Penicillium solitum	Solizym	Lipolytic, regulates digestive processes	Lipase
Penicillium solitum Bacillus subtilis	Somilase	Lipolytic, amylolytic, regulates digestive processes	Lipase, amylase
Streptomyces haemolyticus	Streptodecased	Prolonged fibrinolytic	Immobilized streptokinase
Streptomyces haemolyticus	Streptokinase	Fibrinolytic	Streptokinase
Streptomyces haemolyticus	Streptolyase	Same as above	Same as above
Aspergillus terricola	Terridecased	Proteolytic, anti-inflammatory, wound-healing	Immobilized terrilytin
Aspergillus terricola	Terrilytin	Proteolytic	Proteinase
Streptomyces haemolyticus	Celiase	Thrombolytic	Celiase
Plant-derived products
Nigella seeds — Semina Nigellae Damask nigella — Nigella damascena, buttercup family — Ranunculaceae	Nigedase Ornizym-D	Lipolytic, regulates digestive processes	Nigedase, nigedata-orase
Papain — Papainum Papaya tree — Carica papaya, papaya family — Caricaceae	Lycozym	Proteolytic	Papain, chymopapain, lysozyme
Watermelon — Citrullus lanatus, gourd family — Cucurbitaceae	Urease	Hydrolyzes urea	Urease

Table 3

Pharmacological action and use of herbal medicinal products containing Lipids

Name of plant raw material	Name of substance or medicinal product	Pharmacological action	Active substances
Nondrying fatty oils
Olive fruits — Fructus Olivae European olive — Olea europaea, olive family — Oleaceae	Olive oil — Oleum Olivarum	Solvent for fat-soluble drugs; base for liniments; laxative, for PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE, cholelithiasis	Glycerides of oleic acid
Almond seeds — Semina Amygdalae Almond — Amygdalus communis roses — Rosaceae	Almond oil — Oleum Amygdalarum	Substitute for olive oil	Same as above
Peach seeds — Semina Persicae Peach — Persica vulgaris roses — Rosaceae	Peach oil — Oleum Persicorum	Substitute for olive oil	Glycerides of oleic acid
Semidrying fatty oils
Sunflower seeds — Semina Helianthi Common sunflower — Helianthus annuus, aster family — Asteraceae	Sunflower oil — Oleum Helianthi	Mild choleretic; plaster base; solvent for medicinal substances	Predominantly glycerides of linoleic acid, as well as oleic and saturated acids
Corn germ — Embryonis Maydis Corn — Zea mays grasses — Gramineae	Corn oil — Oleum Maydis	For the Prevention of atherosclerosis and Hypertension, mild choleretic	Glycerides of linoleic, oleic, and saturated acids; vitamin E, phytosterols
Pumpkin seeds — Semina Cucurbitae Pumpkin — Cucurbita pepo gourd family — Cucurbitaceae	Pumpkin seed oil — Oleum Cucurbitae, tikveol, peponen	Hepatoprotective, choleretic, anti-sclerotic, reparative; for Prostatic Adenoma	Glycerides of linoleic, oleic, linolenic acids, carotene, vitamin E, phosphatides
Walnut seeds — Semina Juglandis Walnut — Juglans regia walnut family — Juglandaceae	Unrefined walnut oil	Immunomodulatory, venotonic, capillary-strengthening	Glycerides of linoleic acid, tocopherols
Drying fatty oils
Flax seeds — Semina Lini Flax — Linum usitatissimum, flax family — Linaceae	Linseed oil — Oleum Lini, linetol	Hypocholesterolemic, reparative	Predominantly glycerides of linolenic acid, as well as oleic, linoleic, and saturated acids; linetol is a mixture of esters of these acids
Fatty oils containing specific acids
Castor bean seeds — Semina Ricini Castor oil plant — Ricinus communis, spurge family — Euphorbiaceae	Castor oil — Oleum Ricini	Laxative externally — for the treatment of trophic ulcers, seborrhea in ointments	Glycerides of ricinoleic acid, oleic, linoleic, and saturated acids
Sources of Phospholipids
Soybean seeds — Semina Sojae Soybean — Glycine hispida legumes — Fabaceae	Unrefined soybean oil, Essentiale, Essel, Essaven gel, Glisabol	Hepatoprotective, venotonic, regulates metabolic processes	Glycerides of linoleic and linolenic acids, phospholipids
Wheat germ — Embryonis Tritici Wheat — Triticum vulgare, grasses — Poaceae	Unrefined wheat germ oil	Hypocholesterolemic, immunomodulatory	Polyunsaturated Fatty acids, tocopherols, phospholipids, phytosterols
Solid plant fats (butters)
Cocoa beans — Semina Cacao Cacao tree — Theobroma cacao, mallow family — Sterculiaceae	Cocoa butter — Butyrum Cacao (Oleum Cacao)	Base for suppositories	Glycerides of palmitic, stearic, and other saturated acids
Animal fats
Fish oil — Oleum Jecoris	Fish oil, tecom	Vitamin Supplement, reparative, hypolipidemic, immunostimulating	Glycerides of ω-3 unsaturated acids: docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic, as well as physetolic, asellinic, erucic, therapinic acids, vitamin A, lecithin

Table 4

Pharmacological action and use of herbal medicinal products containing simple phenol derivatives

Name of plant raw material	Name of substance or medicinal product	Pharmacological action	Active substances
Bearberry leaves, bearberry shoots — Folia Uvae ursi, Cormi Uvae ursi Bearberry — Arctostaphylos uva-ursi heather family — Ericaceae	Decoction	Uroseptic	Phenolic glycoside arbutin
Lingonberry leaves, lingonberry shoots — Folia Vitis idaeae, Cormi Vitis idaeae Lingonberry — Vaccinium vitis-idaea heather family — Ericaceae	Same as above	Same as above	Same as above
Rhizomes and roots of roseroot — Rhizomata et radices Rhodiolae roseae Roseroot — Rhodiola rosea, stonecrop family — Crassulaceae	Liquid roseroot extract Talita, cream	Adaptogenic Anti-inflammatory, bactericidal, regenerative	Phenolic acids and their Glycosides: tyrosol, salidroside; flavonolignan rhodiolin, Tannins
Violet herb — Herba Violae Wild pansy — Viola tricolor, Field pansy — Viola arvensis violet family — Violaceae	Infusion	Expectorant, diuretic, diaphoretic	Salicylic acid derivatives, flavonoids
Herb of anomalous peony, rhizomes and roots of anomalous peony — Herba Paeoniae anomalae, Rhizomata et radices Paeoniae anomalae Anomalous peony — Paeonia anomala, peony family — Paeoniaceae	Tincture	Sedative	Phenolic glycoside salicin, flavonoids
Willow bark — Cortex Salicis Violet willow — Salix acutifolia and others, willow family — Salicaceae	Decoction	Anti-inflammatory, astringent	Phenolic compounds: pyrocatechol, benzyl alcohol (salicyl alcohol), salicin
Raspberry fruits — Fructus Rubi idaei Raspberry — Rubus idaeus roses — Rosaceae	Infusion Syrup	Diaphoretic, antipyretic Corrective	Phenolic and organic acids: salicylic, sorbic, malic; vitamins, pectins
Cranberry fruits — Fructus Oxycocci Small cranberry — Oxycoccus quadripetalus, heather family — Ericaceae	Fresh fruits	Diuretic, antimicrobial	Phenolo-organic, carboxylic, and triterpene acids: citric, benzoic, quinic, ursolic
Artichoke leaves and flower heads — Folia et anthodia Cynarae Globe artichoke — Cynara scolymus, aster family — Asteraceae	Chophytol	Choleretic, hepatoprotective, diuretic	Phenolcarboxylic acids, cynarin, flavonoids
Flowers of meadowsweet — Flores Filipendulae ulmariae Meadowsweet — Filipendula ulmaria, roses — Rosaceae	Infusion	Diaphoretic, anti-inflammatory	Phenolcarboxylic acids, phenolglycosides
Rhizomes of male fern — Rhizomata Filicis maris Male fern — Dryopteris filix-mas woodfern family — Dryopteridaceae	Thick extract	Anthelmintic	Phloroglucinol derivatives: aspidinol, albaspidin, filicic acid
Hop cones — Strobili Lupuli Common hop — Humulus lupulus, hemp family — Cannabaceae	Infusion Urolesan Essential oil Valocordin Corvaldin	Sedative, enhances digestion, estrogenic, antibiotic Spasmolytic, choleretic, diuretic Sedative, spasmolytic	Humulene, myrcene, a- and β-selinene, hop acids

Table 5

Pharmacological action and use of herbal medicinal raw Materials containing Coumarins

Name of plant raw material	Name of substance or drug product	Pharmacological action	Active substances
Hydroxycoumarins
Sweet clover herb — Herba Meliloti Yellow sweet clover — Melilotus officinalis, Fabaceae	Infusion Cardiofit	Anticoagulant, expectorant	Coumarin, dihydrocoumarin; phenol glycosides, triterpene saponins
Horse chestnut seeds — Semina Hippocastani Horse chestnut — Aesculus hippocastanum Hippocastanaceae	Aescuzan Esflazid Zenogal Efkosulf Escuvazin	Venotonic, reduces capillary permeability, improves microcirculation in Blood Vessels	Oxycoumarin glycosides and fraxin along with the saponin escin
Furocoumarins
Psoralea drupacea fruits - Fructus Psoraleae drupaceae Bush psoralea - Psoralea drupacea, Fabaceae	Psoralen	Photosensitizing	Psoralen, angelicin, umbelliferone
Bishop's weed fruits — Fructus Ammi majoris, Bishop's weed — Ammi majus Apiaceae	Amifurin	The same	Bergapten, xanthotoxin, isopimpinellin
Garden parsnip fruits — Fructus Pastinacae sativae Garden parsnip — Pastinaca sativa, Apiaceae	Berroxan Pastinacin	Photosensitizing Spasmolytic	Imperatorin, bergapten, xanthotoxin, isopimpinellin
Fig leaves — Folia Fici caricae Common fig — Ficus carica Moraceae	Psoberan	Photosensitizing	Psoralen, angelicin, bergapten
Angelica rhizomes and roots — Rhizomata et radices Angelicae Garden angelica — Angelica archangelica, Apiaceae	Decoction	Spasmolytic, anti-inflammatory, sedative	Umbelliferone, osthol, ostenol, imperatorin, and other Essential Oils
Pyranocoumarins
Siberian phlojodicarpus rhizomes and roots — Rhizomata et radices Phlojodicarpi sibirici Siberian phlojodicarpus — Phlojodicarpus sibiricus Apiaceae	Floverin	Spasmolytic	Visnadin and dihydrosamidin

Table 6

Pharmacological action and use of herbal medicinal raw materials containing Chromones

Name of plant raw material	Name of substance or drug product	Pharmacological action	Active substances
Bishop's weed fruits — Fructus Visnagae daucoides (Fructus Ammi visnagae) Visnaga daucoides — Visnaga daucoides Toothpick weed — Ammi visnaga Apiaceae	Khellin, khellin as part of preparations avisan, kelatrin, kelaverin, vicalin phytolith, marelin	Spasmolytic	Furanochromone khellin, pyranocoumarin, visnadin
Dill fruits — Fructus Anethi graveolentis Dill — Anethum graveolens, Apiaceae	Anetin	The same	Furanochromones visnagin and khellin, pyranocoumarin, visnadin, flavonoids
Wild carrot fruits — Fructus Dauci carotae Wild carrot — Daucus carota Apiaceae	Urolesan	The same	Chromone and coumarin derivatives: umbelliferone, esculetin, scopoletin, osthol, furocoumarin xanthotoxin, peucedanin

Table 7

Pharmacological action and use of herbal medicinal raw materials containing flavonoids

Name of plant raw material	Name of substance or drug product	Pharmacological action	Active substances
Flavan derivatives (catechins, anthocyanidins)
Tea leaves (flushes) — Folia Theae, Thea sinensis, Theaceae	Infusion, tea	Vitamin P activity, general strengthening, tonic	Catechins, quercetin, caffeine, tannin
Cornflower flowers - Flores Centaurea cyanus Cornflower — Centaurea cyanus, Asteraceae	Infusion	Diuretic, anti-inflammatory	Anthocyanidins (cyanidin and pelargonidin), flavones, and flavonols
Fresh black chokeberry fruits — Fructus Aroniae melanocarpae recens Black chokeberry — Aronia melanocarpa Rosaceae	Juice, vitamin P from black chokeberry fruits	Vitamin P activity, hypotensive	Cyanidin, its glycosides: catechins, flavonols, quercetin and rutin, pectic substances
Violet herb — Herba Violae Wild pansy, field pansy — Viola tricolor, V. arvensis — Violaceae	Infusion	Diuretic, secretolytic, expectorant	Anthocyanins, flavone C-glycosides, salicylates, triterpenoids
Flavone derivatives
Everlasting flowers — Flores Helichrysi arenarii Sandy everlasting — Helichrysum arenarium, Asteraceae	Infusion, dry extract, flamin	Choleretic	Glycosides of the flavanone naringenin, flavone apigenin, flavonols, Chalcones, phthalic anhydride derivatives
Marsh cudweed herb Herba Gnaphalii uliginosi Marsh cudweed — Gnaphalium uliginosum Asteraceae	Infusion, decoction, dry extract	Hypotensive, vasodilator	Gnaphalosides A and B, scutellarein and luteolin glycosides
Tansy flowers - Flores Tanaceti Common tansy - Tanacetum vulgare, Asteraceae	Tanacetin	Choleretic	Apigenin, luteolin, acacetin, and quercetin derivatives
Leafy betony herb — Herba Betonicae foliosae Leafy betony — Betonica foliosa, Lamiaceae	Liquid extract	Enhances uterine contractions, hemostatic	Methoxylated apigenin derivatives
Baikal skullcap roots — Radices Scutellariae Baikal skullcap — Scutellaria baicalensis Lamiaceae	Liquid extract, aspalinat	Hypotensive, sedative	Flavones: baicalin, scutellarin; flavonol derivatives
Hawthorn flowers — Flores Crataegi All hawthorn species — Crataegus spp. Rosaceae	Tincture; cardiofit, biovital, gerovital, Doppelherz energy tonic, fitulvent	Cardiotonic, spasmolytic, hypotensive, sedative, antiarrhythmic	Quercetin and hyperoside derivatives, vitexin, hydroxycinnamic acids, essential oil
Hawthorn fruits — Fructus Crataegi	Liquid extract, cardiovalen, kratezid	The same	Hyperoside, triterpenoids, hydroxycinnamic acids, tannins
Japanese pagoda tree flower buds — Alabastra Sophorae japonicae	Rutin	Vitamin P activity,	Rutin (up to 20%), quercetin and kaempferol glycosides,
Japanese pagoda tree fruits — Fructus Sophorae japonicae Japanese pagoda tree — Sophora japonica, Fabaceae	Fruit tincture	Antiseptic	genistein
Common buckwheat herb — Herba Fagopyri sagittati Common buckwheat — Fagopyrum sagittatum Polygonaceae	Rutin	Vitamin P activity	Rutin
Motherwort herb — Herba Leonuri Five-lobed motherwort — Leonurus quinquelobatus Heart-leaf motherwort — Leonurus cardiaca Lamiaceae	Infusion, tincture, cardiofit, biovital, gerovital, energy tonic, Doppelherz, Traskov's mixture	Bronchodilator, sedative, hypotensive	Quinqueloside, rutin, cosmosiin, quercitrin, hyperoside, Iridoids, stachydrine
Water pepper herb — Herba Polygoni hydropiperis Water pepper — Polygonum hydropiper Polygonaceae	Liquid extract, infusion	Hemostatic, vasotonic, uterotonic	Quercetin and kaempferol derivatives
Pale persicaria herb — Herba Polygoni persicariae Pale persicaria — Polygonum persicaria Polygonaceae	Infusion	Hemostatic, mildly laxative	Hyperoside, avicularin, quercitrin, tannins, vitamins K and C
Knotgrass herb — Herba Polygoni avicularis Prostrate knotweed — Polygonum aviculare Polygonaceae	Infusion, marelin, phytolith	Diuretic, hemostatic	The same
St. John's wort herb — Herba Hyperici Common St. John's wort — Hypericum perforatum Spotless St. John's wort — Hypericum maculatum Clusiaceae	Novoimanin, phytolith, fitulvent, herbogastrin, armon, polyphytol, arfazetin	Astringent, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, hemostatic	Quercetin glycosides, leucoanthocyanins, anthocyanins, hyperoside
Elderberry flowers — Flores Sambuci nigrae Black elderberry — Sambucus nigra, Caprifoliaceae	Infusion	Diaphoretic, diuretic, analgesic	Quercetin derivatives (rutin), sambunigrin
Linden flowers — Flores Tiliae Small-leaved linden — Tilia cordata Tiliaceae	The same	Diaphoretic, diuretic, demulcent, anti-inflammatory	Quercetin and kaempferol derivatives
Ginkgo leaves — Folia Ginkgo Maidenhair tree — Ginkgo biloba, Ginkgoaceae	Tanakan, memoplant, ginkgogink, ginkor	Improves peripheral and cerebral Blood Circulation	Quercetin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin glycosides
Capitate lespedeza herb — Herba Lespedezae capitatae	Lespenephryl	Hypoazotemic, diuretic, anti-inflammatory	Flavone and xanthone derivatives, catechins
Bicolor lespedeza herb — Herba Lespedezae bicoloris	Lespeflan	Antiviral
Hedysarum-like lespedeza herb — Herba Lespedezae hedysaroidis Fabaceae	Helepin	Antiviral	Quercetin, orientin, homoorientin, vitexin, phenolcarboxylic acids, catechins
Woolly aerva herb — Herba Aervae lanatae Woolly aerva — Aerva lanata Amaranthaceae	Infusion	Diuretic, litholytic	Kaempferol derivatives, acylated glycosides, polysaccharides
Canadian goldenrod herb — Herba Solidaginis canadensis Canadian goldenrod — Solidago canadensis Asteraceae	Infusion, marelin, phytolith	Spasmolytic, diuretic, nephrolithic	Astragalin and quercetin derivatives
Field horsetail herb — Herba Equiseti arvensis Field horsetail — Equisetum arvense, Equisetaceae	Marelin, phytolith, phytolysin, Traskov's mixture, arfazetin	Litholytic bronchodilator	Apigenin, luteolin, kaempferol, and quercetin derivatives
Canadian fleabane herb — Herba Erigeronis canadensis Canadian fleabane — Erigeron canadensis, Asteraceae	Erica	Antidiarrheal	Flavones and flavonols
Bean pods — Pericarpium Phaseoli Bean herb — Herba Phaseoli Common bean — Phaseolus vulgaris, Fabaceae	Arfazetin Glyphazin	Hypoglycemic, diuretic, hypoazotemic	Kaempferol and quercetin glucuronides, robinin, nitrogenous compounds
Black locust (false acacia) flowers — Flores Robiniae pseudoacaciae Black locust — Robinia pseudoacacia Fabaceae	Infusion, flaronin	Hypoazotemic	Robinin
Sickle milkvetch herb — Herba Astragali falcati Sickle milkvetch — Astragalus falcatus Fabaceae	Flaronin	The same	The same
Dasyanthous milkvetch (woolly-pod milkvetch) herb — Herba Astragali dasyanthi Woolly-pod milkvetch — Astragalus dasyanthus, Fabaceae	Infusion	Hypotensive, sedative, cardiotonic	Kaempferol and quercetin derivatives, triterpenoids
Licorice roots — Radices Glycyrrhizae Glabrous licorice — Glycyrrhiza glabra, Fabaceae	Infusion, dry extract, syrup, pectoral elixir, Bronchicum tea, Liquiriton, flacarbin	Expectorant, laxative, antiulcer, antisecretory	Flavanones and chalcones — liquiritin, isoliquiritin, liquirazid, etc., saponins
Beggarticks herb — Herba Bidentis Trifid beggarticks — Bidens tripartita, Asteraceae	Infusion	Normalizes metabolism, diuretic, choleretic, diaphoretic, antiallergic	Complex of flavanones, flavones, chalcones, Aurones, vitamins, polysaccharides, microelements
Isoflavonoids
Restharrow roots — Radices Ononidis Spiny restharrow — Ononis arvensis, Fabaceae	Decoction, tincture, flavanobol	Diuretic, hemostatic, laxative, anabolic	Ononin, formononetin, their glycosides; triterpene saponins, tannins
Rotenoids
Amorpha herb — Herba Amorphae False indigo bush — Amorpha fruticosa, Fabaceae	Cardiofit	Hypotensive, sedative	Rotenoids

Table 8

Pharmacological action and use of herbal medicinal raw materials containing Lignans

Name of plant raw material	Name of substance or drug product	Pharmacological action	Active substances
Eleutherococcus rhizomes and roots — Rhizomata et radices Eleutherococci Eleutherococcus — Eleutherococcus senticosus Araliaceae	Liquid extract	Tonic, adaptogenic, lowers blood sugar levels	Sesamin-type lignans: syringaresinol, eleutheroside E
Schisandra fruits — Fructus Schisandrae Schisandra seeds — Semina Schisandrae Chinese magnolia vine — Schisandra chinensis Schisandraceae	Tincture Infusion	Tonic, adaptogenic, Central Nervous system stimulant	Diarylcyclooctane-type lignans: schisandrin, deoxyschisandrin, schisandrol
Milk thistle seeds — Semina Silybi Milk thistle — Silybum marianum, Asteraceae	Silibor, legalon, carsil, hepabene	Hepatoprotective	Flavolignans: silybin, silydianin, silychristin
Mayapple rhizomes with roots — Rhizomata cum radicibus Podophylli American mandrake — Podophyllum peltatum Berberidaceae	Podophyllin, condyline	Cytostatic, choleretic, laxative	Tetrahydronaphthalene-type lignans with a lactone ring: podophyllotoxin, alpha-peltatin, beta-peltatin

Table 9

Pharmacological action and use of herbal raw materials containing Xanthones

Name of plant raw material	Name of substance or medicinal product	Pharmacological action	Active substances
Spotted St. John's wort herb — Herba Hyperici maculati Spotted St. John's wort — Hypericum maculatum (Hypericum quandrangulum) Clusiaceae — Clusiacaeae	Infusion	Bactericidal, protistocidal	Kilkoryn, maculatoxanthone; flavonoids, condensed anthracene derivatives, tannins, essential oil
Centaury herb — Herba Centaura Common centaury — Zentaurium erythraea Gentians — Gentianaceae	Infusion	Stimulates appetite and digestive gland secretion	Xanthones, monoterpene glycosides (iridoids): gentiopicrin, erythrocentaurin
Sweetvetch herb — Herba Hedysari Alpine sweetvetch — Hedysarum alpinum (H. sibiricum) Yellowish sweetvetch — Hedysarum flavescens Legumes — Fabaceae	Alpizarin	Antiviral	Mangiferin, isomangiferin

Table 10

Pharmacological action and use of herbal raw materials containing anthraquinones

Name of plant raw material	Name of substance or medicinal product	Pharmacological action	Active substances
Emodin subgroup
Buckthorn bark — Cortex Frangulae Alder buckthorn — Frangula alnus Buckthorn family — Rhamnaceae	Laxative tea No. 1, gastric tea No. 3, liquid extract, dry extract, ramnil, buckthorn syrup, Vicalin decoction, Vikair	Laxative Antacid, astringent, anti-inflammatory	Glucofrangulins A and B, frangulins A and B
Buckthorn fruits — Fructus Rhamni catharticae Purging buckthorn — Rhamnus cathartica, buckthorn family — Rhamnaceae	Decoction	Laxative	Frangula-emodin, chrysobanal
Senna leaves — Folia Sennae Narrow-leaved senna — Cassia acutifolia Legumes — Fabaceae	Laxative tea No. 2 Anti-hemorrhoidal tea Infusion, senna leaf extract tablets, senadexin, senade, senalde, glaxena? sennosides A+B, cafiol, regulax	Same	Anthracene derivatives sennosides, glucorein, gluco-aloe-emodin, flavonoids
Rhubarb roots — Radices Rhei Tangut rhubarb — Rheum palmatum Buckwheat family — Polygonaceae	Rhubarb powder, rhubarb tablets, dry extract	Laxative in large doses, astringent in small doses (0.05-0.2 g)	Chrysophanol, rhein and their glycosides, dimers, tannins
Horse sorrel roots — Radices Rumicis Horse sorrel — Rumex confertus Buckwheat family — Polygonaceae	Powder, decoction	Laxative in large doses, astringent in small doses	Emodin, chrysophanol, physcion, tannins
Fresh tree aloe leaves — Folia Aloes arborescentis recens Candelabra aloe — Aloe arborescens Asphodel family — Liliaceae	Liquid extract for injections, liquid extract, Liniment tablets Juice Alorom	Immunomodulatory, bactericidal, anti-inflammatory Wound-healing Laxative, bactericidal Anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, analgesic	Aloe-emodin, aloin, nataloin, Enzymes, amino acids, bitter principles
Alizarin subgroup
Madder rhizomes and roots — Rhizomata et radices Rubiae Common madder — Rubia tinctorum Madder family — Rubiaceae	Dry extract, cystenal, marelin	Nephrolithic, antispasmodic, diuretic	Lucidin, alizarin, ruberythric acid

Table 11

Pharmacological action and use of herbal raw materials containing tannins

Name of plant raw material	Name of substance or medicinal product	Pharmacological action	Active substances
Hydrolyzable tannins, gallotannin group
Sumac leaves — Folia Rhois coriariae Elm-leaved sumac — Rhus coriaria Cashew family — Anacardiaceae	Tannin, Novikov's liquid	Bactericidal, anti-inflammatory, reparative	Tannin
Smoketree leaves — Folia Cotini coggygriae Eurasian smoketree — Cotinus coggygria cashew family — Anacardiaceae	Tannin, galascorbin Flacumin	Anti-inflammatory, capillary-strengthening, reparative, astringent Choleretic, hepatoprotective	Tannin, gallic acid Sum of flavonoids and tannins
Bergenia rhizomes — Rhizomata Bergeniae Heartleaf bergenia — Bergenia crassifolia Saxifrage family — Saxifragaceae	Decoction, Talita cream	Astringent, anti-inflammatory, regenerative	Tannins, catechins, bergenin (isocoumarin with a gallic acid residue)
Burnet rhizomes and roots — Rhizomata et radices Sanguisorbae Great burnet — Sanguisorba officinalis Rose family — Rosaceae	Decoction, liquid extract	Anti-inflammatory, hemostatic	Tannins, gallic and ellagic acids
Bistort rhizomes — Rhizomata Bistortae Common bistort — Polygonum bistorta Buckwheat family — Polygonaceae	Same	Astringent, anti-inflammatory, hemostatic	Same
Hydrolyzable tannins, ellagitannin group
Alder infructescences — Fructus Аlnі Grey alder — Alnus incana, black alder — Alnus glutinosa Birch family — Betulaceae	Altan decoction (tablets, ointment) camilal	Astringent, anti-inflammatory, wound-healing, antioxidant	Tannins, ellagic and gallic acids
Condensed tannins
Oak bark — Cortex Quercus Pedunculate oak — Quercus robur, durmast oak — Q. petraea Beech family — Fagaceae	Decoction, polyphytol-1, phytobalms, anti-hemorrhoidal herbal tea	Astringent, anti-inflammatory	Tannins, gallic and ellagic acids, flavonoids
Tormentil rhizomes — Rhizomata Tormentillae Tormentil — Potentilla erecta	Decoction Vundehil	Anti-inflammatory, astringent, reparative, wound-healing	Tannins
(Potentilla tormentilla) rose family — Rosaceae	Polyphytol-1	Choleretic	Gallic and ellagic acids
Blueberry fruits — Fructus Myrtilli	Decoction	Astringent	Tannins
Blueberry leaves — Folia Myrtilli Bilberry — Vaccinium myrtillus Heather family — Ericaceae	Arfazetin	Hypoglycemic	Myrtillin
Bird cherry fruits — Fructus Padi Bird cherry — Padus racemosa (Prunus padus) Rose family — Rosaceae	Decoction, infusion	Astringent	Tannins
Tea leaves — Folia Theae Chinese tea plant — Thea sinensis (Camellia sinensis) Tea family — Theaceae	Infusion, Grail balm	Anti-inflammatory, radioprotective, toning	Tannins, catechins, flavonoids
Lady's mantle herb — Herba Alchemillae Common lady's mantle — Alchemilla vulgaris Rose family — Rosaceae	Infusion	Anti-inflammatory, hemostatic, antiseptic	Tannins, catechins, leucoanthocyanidins, flavonoids
Dropwort rhizomes and roots — Rhizomata et radices Filipendulae hexapetalae Dropwort (dropwort, common) — Filipendula hexapetala Rose family — Rosaceae	Infusion	Anti-inflammatory, astringent	Condensed tannins (up to 6%), phenol glycosides (gaultherin), salicylic acid esters, flavones and chalcones

Table 12

Pharmacological action and use of herbal raw materials containing iridoids

Name of plant raw material	Name of substance or medicinal product	Pharmacological action	Active substances
Gentian root — Radix Gentianae Yellow gentian — Gentiana lutea, Gentians — Gentianaceae	Infusion, decoction	Bitter principle that stimulates appetite and improves digestion	Gentiopicroside, amaropanin, amaroswerin, as well as xanthones
Bogbean leaves — Folia Menyanthidis Buckbean (bogbean) — Menyanthes trifoliata, Bogbean family — Menyanthaceae	Infusion Sedative herbal tea	Same	Loganin, sweroside, mentiafolin, foliamentin, etc., as well as flavonoids, coumarins, triterpene lactone loliolide
Centaury herb — Herba Centaurii European centaury — Centaurium umbellatum, Gentians — Gentianaceae	Infusion Canephron	Same Anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, antimicrobial, for Kidney diseases	Erythrocentaurin, gentiopicroside, sweroside, secoiridoid lactones, alkaloids, triterpenoids
Motherwort herb — Herba Leonuri Common motherwort — Leonurus cardiaca Mint family — Lamiaceae	Infusion, tincture	Sedative	Aucubin
Valerian rhizomes with roots — Rhizomata cum radicibus Valerianae Garden valerian — Valeriana officinalis, Valerian family — Valerianaceae	Infusion, thick extract, complex preparations, gastric herbal tea	Same	Valepotriates — valtrate, acetovaltrate, dihydrovaltrate
Narrowleaf plantain leaves — Folia Plantaginis lanceolatae English plantain — Plantago lanceolata, Plantain family — Plantaginaceae	Tincture, syrup, juice	Anti-inflammatory, improves digestion	Aucubin, aucuboside, catalpol; flavonoids
Eyebright herb — Herba Euphrasiae Schur's eyebright — Euphrasia rostkoviana Figwort family — Scrophulariaceae	Infusion	Anti-inflammatory, astringent, hypotensive	Aucubin, catalpol, isorozid, euphraside, etc., phenolic acids, lignan glycoside, flavonoids
Veronica herb — Herba Veronicae Common speedwell — Veronica officinalis Figwort family — Scrophulariaceae	Same	Anti-inflammatory, expectorant, improves appetite	Aucubin, vernicoside and ladroside, as well as phenolic acids, flavonoids, mannitol
Guelder rose bark — Cortex Viburni Guelder rose — Viburnum opulus Honeysuckle family — Caprifoliaceae	Infusion, liquid extract	Hemostatic, astringent, soothing	Opulusiridoids A, B, C, their acetylated derivatives; phenolic acids and phenol glycosides
White dead-nettle flowers — Flores Lamii albi White dead-nettle — Lamium album Mint family — Lamiaceae	Infusion	Expectorant, diuretic	Iridoids: lamiol, lamioside; flavonols, saponins

Table 13

Pharmacological action and application of herbal medicinal raw materials containing essential oils

Name of plant material	Name of substance or medicinal product	Pharmacological action	Active substances
Acyclic monoterpenoids
Coriander fruit — Fructus Coriandri Coriander — Coriandrum sativum Apiaceae	Citral Espol	Anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, analgesic	Linalool, geraniol, geranyl acetate, borneol
Lemon balm leaves and herb — Folia. Herba Mebssae Lemon balm — Melissa officinalis Lamiaceae	Infusion	Sedative, anti-inflammatory, bacteriostatic	Citral, linalool, geraniol
Lavender flowers — Flores Lavandulae Narrow-leaved lavender — Lavandula angustifolia Lamiaceae	Infusion Livian	Sedative, spasmolytic, antimicrobial Anti-inflammatory, analgesic	Linalool, linalyl esters, 1,8-cineole, ß-phellandrene
Monocyclic monoterpenoids
Peppermint leaves — Folia Menthae pipertae Peppermint — Mentha piperita Lamiaceae	Infusion Tincture, Stomach drops Corvaldin, validol, corvalol, valormid, Zelenin drops Mint tablets Inhalipt, cameton, camphomen Bom-Benge ointment, boromenthol, menovasin, menthol oil, alcoholic menthol solution, gevcamen	Stimulates digestive gland secretion, spasmolytic, sedative, cholagogue Antiseptic, spasmolytic, hypotensive, sedative, analgesic, Antiemetic Anti-inflammatory, antiseptic Counterirritant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory	Menthol, menthone, piperitone
Sage leaves — Folia Salvtae Sage — Salvia officinalis Lamiaceae	Infusion	Anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, astringent, expectorant, estrogenic, hypoglycemic	a-, ß-Thujones, 1,8-cineole, camphor, borneol
	Salviy	Astringent, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial
Eucalyptus leaves — Folia Eucalypti Tasmanian blue gum — Eucalyptus globulus, Ashy gum — E. cinerea, Manna gum — E. viminalis Myrtaceae	Infusion efkamon, gevcamen Alorom Inhalipt Cameton Pinosol Pectusin Elecasol herbal tea	Bactericidal, anti-inflammatory, astringent	a-, ß-Pinene, 1,8-cineole, p-cymene
Bicyclic monoterpenoids
Valerian rhizomes and roots — Rhizomata сum radicibus Valerianae Valerian — Valeriana officinalis Valerianaceae	Infusion, valerian liquid extract, valerian extract tablets, valerian tincture, cardiofit, valormid, cardiovalent, Zelenin drops Stomach drops Dental drops	Sedative, spasmolytic, analgesic, improves digestion, sedative Analgesic	Bornyl isovalerate, valepotriates Bicyclic monoterpenoids
Juniper fruit — Fructus Jumperi Common juniper — Juniperus communis Cupressaceae	Infusion	Diuretic, disinfectant, cholagogue, expectorant	a-Pinene, camphene, myrcene, sabinene
Caraway fruit — Fructus Саrvi Caraway — Carum carvi Apiaceae	Infusion	Antimicrobial, spasmolytic, expectorant, laxative, cholagogue	Carvone, limonene, carvacrol
Pine buds — Gemmae Ріnі Scots pine — Pinus sylvestris Pinaceae	Decoction Pinosol	Expectorant, mucolytic, antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, diuretic, cholagogue Antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-exudative	a-Pinene, carene, terpinene
Sources of camphor
Camphor tree wood — Lignum Сіnnаmоmі Camphor tree — Сіnnаmоmum camphora Lauraceae	Camphor, oil solution of camphor for injection	Analeptic	Camphor
Siberian fir shoots — Summitates Abietis Siberian fir — Abies sibirica Pinaceae	Camphor, camphor oil, camphor spirit, camphocin, camphomen	Antimicrobial, counterirritant, analgesic	Same
Sesquiterpenoids
Hop strobiles — Strobili Lupuli Common hop — Humulus lupulus Cannabaceae	Infusion Urolesan Essential oil Valocordin Corvaldin	Sedative, stimulates digestion, estrogenic, antibiotic Spasmolytic, cholagogue, diuretic Sedative, spasmolytic	Humulene, myrcene, a- and ß-selinene, hop acids
Nodding bur-marigold herb — Herba Bidentis cernuae Nodding bur-marigold — Bidens cernua Asteraceae	Cerbiden	Antimicrobial, antimycotic	Cernuol, phenylheptatriyne
Birch buds — Gemmae Betulae Birch leaves — Folia Betulae Silver birch — Betula verrucosa Betulaceae	Infusion, tincture, propobesan	Diuretic, cholagogue, reparative, anti-inflammatory	Betulene, caryophyllene
Poplar buds — Gemmae Populi Black poplar — Populus nigra Salicaceae	Infusion, tincture, ointment, propobesan	Diuretic, antiseptic, antimicrobial	Humulene, a-caryophyllene, cineole
Propolis — Propolis	Tincture, propomisol, proposol, protoceum, propobesan	Anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, reparative	Betulene, betulenol, isovanillin; phenolic compounds
Sweet flag rhizomes — Rhizoma Calami Calmus — Acorus calamus Araceae	Olimetin Vicalin, vikair, herbogastrin	Litholytic Cholagogue Reparative, anti-inflammatory	a-Pinene, a-camphene, borneol, eugenol, elemene, a-calacorene, acorone
Sesquiterpene lactones
Elecampane rhizomes and roots — Rhizomata et radices Inulae Elecampane — Inula helenium Asteraceae	Alanton Phyton SD Pectosol	Anti-inflammatory, antiulcer Adaptogenic Mucolytic	Alantolactone, isoalantolactone, dihydroalantolactone
Chamomile flowers — Flores Chamomillae German chamomile — Chamomilla recutita Asteraceae	Recutan, romazulan, rotokan, herbogastrin, kamistad gel, gastrolit, alorom	Anti-inflammatory, reparative, antimicrobial	Chamazulene, farnesene, cadinene, bisabolol
Wormwood herb — Herba Absinthii Absinthe wormwood — Artemisia absinthium Asteraceae	Wormwood tincture, bitter tincture	Appetite-stimulating, cholagogue	Absinthin, tauremyzin, thujone, cineole
Yarrow herb — Herba Millefolii Yarrow flowers — Flores Millefolii Common yarrow — Achillea millefolium Asteraceae	Rotokan, vundehil, phyton, fitulvent Livolek	Anti-inflammatory, regenerating Hepatoprotective	Monoterpenoids (caryophyllene, pinenes, thujone, borneol), sesquiterpene lactones (achilline, millefin, matricarin), flavonoids, vitamins C and K
Arnica flowers — Flores Аmісае Mountain arnica — Arnica montana Asteraceae	Infusion, tincture Ointment	Hemostatic, bacteriostatic, cholagogue Resolving	Arnifolin, faradiol
Marsh Labrador tea herb — Herba Ledi palustris Marsh Labrador tea — Ledum palustre Ericaceae	Ledin	Antitussive, expectorant, anti-inflammatory	Ledol
Aromatic Compounds
Anise fruit — Fructus Аnіsi vulgaris Anise — Anisum vulgare Apiaceae	Ammonia-anise drops, pectoral elixir, Traskov anti-asthmatic mixture, dry cough mixture for children, anitos, altalec, strepsils original	Expectorant, mucolytic, anti-inflammatory	Anethole, methylchavicol, anisic aldehyde
Fennel fruit — Fructus Foeniculi Fennel — Foeniculum vulgare Apiaceae	Dill water, plantex Traskov mixture	Carminative, spasmolytic, expectorant	Anethole, fenchone, methylchavinol, a-pinene, a-phellandrene
Wild thyme herb — Herba Serpylli Breckland thyme — Thymus serpyllum Lamiaceae	Pertussin, anitos	Expectorant, spasmolytic	Thymol, carvacrol, cymene, a- and ß-pinenes, y-terpinene, a-terpineol, borneol
Garden thyme herb — Herba Thymi vulgaris Garden thyme — Thymus vulgaris Lamiaceae	Pertussin Fitulvent Kamistad gel, Efkamon Pinosol	Expectorant Reparative, cholagogue, sedative Analgesic, counterirritant Antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory	Thymol, carvacrol, cymene, caryophyllene, linalool, pinene, borneol
Oregano herb — Herba Origanі Oregano — Origanum vulgare Lamiaceae	Urolesan	Spasmolytic, cholagogue, diuretic	Thymol, carvacrol, sesquiterpenes
Fresh European wild ginger leaves — Folia Asari еuгораеі recens European wild ginger — Asarum europaeum Aristolochiaceae	Component of complex preparations	Expectorant	Asarone, isoadarone, isoeugenol methyl ether, isoelemicin
Parsley fruit — Fructus Petroselini, parsley roots — Radices Petroselini Garden parsley — Petroselinum sativum Apiaceae	Phytolysin Talita cream	Diuretic, anti-inflammatory, litholytic Regenerating, bactericidal	Apiol, myristicin, 1-amylo-2,3,4,5-tetramethylbenzene, flavonoids
Lovage roots — Radices Levistici Lovage — Levisticum officinale Apiaceae	Canephron	Diuretic, spasmolytic	Phthalides — ligustilide, butylphthalide, lactones, as well as coumarins, phenolic acids

Table 14

Pharmacological action and application of herbal medicinal raw materials containing saponins

Name of plant material	Name of substance or medicinal product	Pharmacological action	Active substances
Pentacyclic triterpene saponins Oleanan derivatives
Licorice roots — Radices Glycyrrhizae Licorice — Glycyrrhiza glabra Fabaceae	Dry extract, syrup, powder, glycyram	Expectorant, demulcent, anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, antimicrobial, antiulcer	Glycyrrhetinic, glycyrrhizic, uralenic acids, flavonoids
Horse chestnut seeds — Semina Hippocastani Horse chestnut — Aesculus hippocastanum Hippocastanaceae	Escuzan, esflazid, anavenol, venostasin, vazotonin, rutes, esaven gel, esgefol	Venotonic, reduces capillary permeability, improves vascular microcirculation	Escin, oxycoumarins
Calendula flowers — Flores Calendulae Pot marigold — Calendula officinalis Asteraceae	Infusion, tincture, caleflon, rotokan	Anti-inflammatory, spasmolytic, cholagogue, hypocholesterolemic	Calendulosides A and B, a- and ß-amyrin, taraxasterol, arnidiol, faradiol, etc.; flavonoids, carotenoids
Aralia roots — Radices Araliae elatae Japanese aralia — Aralia elata Araliaceae	Tincture, saparal	Tonic	Aralosides A, B, C (oleanolic acid glycosides), aralin alkaloid, Choline, essential oil
Ivy leaves — Folia Hederae helicis Common ivy — Hedera helix Araliaceae	Hedelix, bronchicum	Expectorant, anti-inflammatory, spasmolytic	Oleanan derivatives, Disaccharides hederacosides B and C, flavonoids ( rutin), coumarins (scopoletin), tannins
Jacob's ladder rhizomes and roots — Rhizomata cum radicibus Polemonu Jacob's ladder — Polemonium coeruleum Polemoniaceae	Decoction	Expectorant, sedative	Polymonosides
Soapwort rhizomes — Rhizomata Saponariae Soapwort — Saponaria officinalis Caryophyllaceae	Pectosol	Expectorant, cholagogue, hypocholesterolemic	Saponosides A, B, C, and D, whose aglycones are gypsogenin or gypsogenic acid; flavonoids
Rupturewort herb — Herba Неrniаrіае Smooth rupturewort — Herniaria glabra Caryophyllaceae	Phytolysin	Spasmolytic and urinary antiseptic	Glabrosides A, B, C — derivatives of medicagenic and gypsogenic acids; flavonoids (main - narcisin), oxycoumarins, allantoin
Hyssop loosestrife herb — Herba Gratiolae Hedge hyssop — Gratiola officinalis Scrophulariaceae	Infusion	Antiulcer, diuretic, laxative	Betulinic acid and other oleanan derivatives, cucurbitacins, flavonoids, alkaloids
Ursane derivatives
Java tea leaves — Folia Orthosiphonis staminei Cat's whiskers — Orthosiphon stamineus Lamiaceae	Infusion	Diuretic	Ursolic acid, flavonoids, essential oil, organic acids
Tetracyclic triterpene saponins Dammarane derivatives
Ginseng roots — Radices Ginseng Ginseng — Panax ginseng Araliaceae	Tincture, yohimbe-harmony	Tonic, adaptogenic	Panaxosides, CARBOHYDRATES, essential oils, sterols, fatty acids
Cycloartane derivatives
Woollypod milkvetch herb — Herba Astragali dasyanthi Woollypod milkvetch — Astragalus dasyanthus Fabaceae	Infusion	Hypotensive, sedative	Dasyantogenin, glycyrrhizic acid glycosides, flavonoids, tannins
Steroidal saponins
Dioscorea rhizomes and roots — Rhizomata cum radicibus Dioscoreae Nippon yam — Dioscorea nipponica Dioscoreaceae	Polysponin	Hypocholesterolemic	Dioscin, gracillin
Puncturevine caltrop herb — Herba Tribuli terrestris Puncturevine — Tribulus terrestris Zygophyllaceae	Tribusponin Infusion	Hypocholesterolemic, diuretic, tonic	Steroidal saponins, flavonoids, tannins and resins
Fenugreek seeds — Semina Trigonellae foenum graeci Fenugreek — Trigonella foenum-graecum Fabaceae	Raw material for The production of steroidal Hormones Phytolysin, paseniy	Glucocorticoid activity, anti-sclerotic, tonic, appetite stimulant	Diosgenin, yamogenin, tigogenin, gitogenin, etc.; mucilage, essential oil, (about — 2 %)
Agave leaves — Folia Agavae American agave — Agava americana, Sisal agave — a. sisalana Agavaceae	Raw material for the production of steroidal hormones	Glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid activity	Hecogenin (12-oxotigogenin), manogenin, gitogenin, smilagenin
Spanish dagger leaves — Folia Yuccae Spanish dagger — Yucca gloriosa Agavaceae	Same	Same	Tigogenin, smilagenin, sarsasapogenin derivatives
Saponins of insufficiently studied composition
High zamanicha rhizomes and roots — Rhizomata cum radicibus Echinopanacis High zamanicha — Echinopanax elatum Araliaceae	Tincture	Expectorant Tonic	Component of complex preparations Echinoxosides; phenolic glycosides, coumarins, terpenoids

Table 15

Pharmacological action and application of herbal medicinal raw materials containing cardiac glycosides

Name of plant material	Name of substance or medicinal product	Pharmacological action	Active substances
Cardenolides
Foxglove leaves — Folia Digitalis Purple foxglove — Digitalis purpurea, Scrophulariaceae	Digitoxin Gitoxin Cordigit	Cardiotonic	Purpurea-glycosides A, B, glucogitaloxin, gitaloxin, digitoxin, gitoxin
Woolly foxglove leaves — Folia Digitalis lanatae Woolly foxglove — Digitalis lanata Scrophulariaceae	Digoxin Celanid (isolanid) Lanicor Lantosid Lanatoside C	Cardiotonic	Lanatosides A, B, C, D, and E
Strophanthus seeds — Semina Strophanthi Kombé strophanthus — Strophanthus kombe Bristly strophanthus — S. hispidus, Smooth strophanthus — S. gratus Apocynaceae	Strophanthin K Strophanthin G	Same	K-strophanthoside, K-strophanthin-ß, cymarin, G-strophanthin (ouabain)
Pheasant's eye herb — Herba Adonidis vernalis Yellow pheasant's eye — Adonis vernalis, Ranunculaceae	Infusion, dry pheasant's eye extract (1:1 and 2:1) adonisid, cardiovalent, adonis-brom, Traskov anti-asthmatic mixture	Cardiotonic, sedative	Adonitoxin, cymarin, acetyladonitoxin, K-strophanthin-ß, acetylstrophanthogenin, verpadigenin
Lily of the valley herb — Herba Convallariae lily of the valley leaves — Folia Convallanae, lily of the valley flowers — Flores Convallanae Lily of the valley — Convallaria majalis, Transcaucasian lily of the valley — С. transcaucasica, Keiske's lily of the valley (Japanese) — С. keiskei, Convallariaceae	Tincture Fresh lily of the valley herb tincture, valormid, corglycon, Zelenin drops, lily of the valley-valerian drops Convallatoxin	Cardiotonic Cholagogue	Convallatoxin, convallatoxol, convalloside; Flavonoids of Japanese lily of the valley
Wallflower herb — Herba Erysinii Grey wallflower (syn. spreading wallflower) — Erysimum canescens (E. diffusum) Brassicaceae	Cardiovalen, liquid wallflower extract, eryhroside	Cardiotonic, diuretic, sedative	Erysymin, erysimoside, glucoerysimoside, neurotoxin, eryhroside
Bufadienolides
Sea squill bulb — Bulbus Scillae Sea squill — Drimia (Scilla) maritima Liliaceae	Proscillaridin, talusin	Cardiotonic	Glucoscillaridin A, scillaren A, proscillaridin A, etc.

Table 16

Pharmacological action and application of herbal medicinal raw materials containing alkaloids

Name of plant material	Name of substance or medicinal product	Pharmacological action	Active substances
Biogenic Amines and protoalkaloids
Goat's rue herb — Herba Galegae French lilac — Galega officinalis Fabaceae	Infusion	Hypoglycemic	Guanidine derivatives (galegine)
Capsicum fruit — Fructus Capsici Annual pepper — Capsicum annuum Solanaceae	Tincture, pepper plaster, ointments, liniments, capsin, capsitrin	Counterirritants Tincture for stimulating appetite and digestion	Capsaicinoids, glycoalkaloids, flavonoids
Ephedra herb — Herba Ephedrae Equisetum ephedra — Ephedra equisetina Ephedraceae	Ephedrine hydrochloride, theofedrin, antasthman, efatin, broncholipin, solutan	Vasoconstrictor, bronchodilator, and antiallergic	Ephedrine
Fresh autumn crocus corms — Bulbotubera Colchici recens Showy meadow saffron — Colchicum speciosum Melanthiaceae	Colchamine ointment	Antitumor	Colchamine
Alkaloids with condensed pyrrolidine and piperidine rings (Tropane alkaloids)
Deadly nightshade leaves — Folia Belladonnae Deadly nightshade herb — Herba Belladonnae Deadly nightshade roots — Radices Belladonnae Belladonna — Atropa belladonna, Solanaceae	Leaf tincture; Zelenin drops; atropine sulfate, thick extract; dry extract; becarbon tablets, besalol, bellataminal, betiol suppositories, anuzol; solutan	Spasmolytic and analgesic	Hyoscyamine, atropine, scopolamine
Henbane leaves — Folia Hyoscyami Black hebane — Hyoscyamus niger Solanaceae	Henbane oil	External use for neuralgia, rheumatism	Same
Jimsonweed leaves — Folia Stramonii Jimsonweed — Datura stramonium Solanaceae	Jimsonweed oil	Rubbing — see above	Hyoscyamine and scopolamine
Indian thorn-apple seeds — Semina Daturae innoxiae Indian thorn-apple — Datura innoxia Solanaceae	Scopolamine hydrobromide aeron (mixture of scopolamine camphorate and hyoscyamine camphorate)	Sedative For motion sickness, seasickness	Scopolamine, hyoscyamine, norhyoscyamine, methyloidine, pseudoatropine
Carniolan scopolia rhizomes — Rhizoma ta Scopoliae camiolicae Carniolan scopolia — Scopolia carniolica Solanaceae	Scopolamine hydrobromide, aeron	In psychiatry as a sedative for parkinsonism, motion sickness, in ophthalmology — instead of atropine	Hyoscyamine and scopolamine
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids
Broadleaf ragwort rhizomes and roots — Rhizomata cum radicibus Platyphylloides Broadleaf ragwort — Senecio platyphylloides Asteraceae	Platyphylline hydrotartrate	Spasmolytic	Platyphylline
Pyridine-piperidine alkaloids
Leafy peduncle joint-pine herb — Herba Anabasidis Joint-pine — Anabasis aphylla Chenopodiaceae	Anabasine hydrochloride chewing gum and tablets	Facilitates smoking cessation	Anabasine
Inflated lobelia herb — Herba Lobelii Inflated lobelia — Lobelia inflata Lobeliaceae	Lobeline hydrochloride, pobesil, antasthman	Relieves nicotine withdrawal, analeptic	Lobeline
Quinolizidine alkaloids
Thick-fruited sophora herb — Herba Sophorae pachycarpae Thick-fruited sophora — Sophora pachycarpa Fabaceae	Pachycarpine hydroiodide	Ganglionic blocker for peripheral vascular spasms, obliterating endarteritis, myopathy, for labor stimulation	Pachycarpine, sophocarpine, sophoramine, hebelin, isosophoramine
Lanceleaf thermopsis herb — Herba Thermopsidis lanceolatae Thermopsis seeds — Semen Thermopsidis Lanceleaf thermopsis — Thermopsis lanceolata Fabaceae family	Thermopsis herb infusion; dry extract; cough tablets, codthermops From seeds — cytiton	Expectorant Respiratory stimulant — reflexively stimulates the respiratory center in case of respiratory arrest, asphyxia; enhances Cardiac Activity	Thermopsine, homothermopsine, pachycarpine, anagyrine, methylcytisine; thermopsis lancin glycoside Seeds contain 2-3 % alkaloids, of which about 0.6 % is cytisine
Alternate-flower thermopsis herb — Herba Thermopsidis alterniflorae Alternate-flower thermopsis — Thermopsis alterniflora Fabaceae	Cytiton — 0.15 % cytisine solution Tabex	Analeptic To relieve nicotine withdrawal	Cytisine, pachycarpine, n-methylcytisine, thermopsine
Securinega shoots — Cormus Securinegae Shrubby securinega — Securinega suffruticosa Euphorbiaceae	Securinine nitrate	Stimulates central nervous system, tonic for asthenic conditions, cardiovascular weakness, impotence	Up to 0.4 % securinine, as well as suffruticodine, suffruticonine, allosecurinine
Fir clubmoss herb — Herba Huperziae Fir clubmoss — Huperzia selago Huperziaceae	Infusion	For treating chronic alcoholism; exhibits an emetic effect	Alkaloids not less than 0.4 %: lycopodine, pseudoselagine, acrifoline, etc.
Quinoline alkaloids
Cinchona bark — Cortex Chinae (Cortex Cinchonae) Red cinchona — Cinchona succirubra	Quinine sulfate, quinine hydrochloride, quinine dihydrochloride	Antiprotozoal for malaria treatment	Quinine, quinidine, cinchonine, and cinchonidine, as well as quinotannic acid
Ledger's cinchona — c Ledgeriana Official cinchona — c Officinalis Rubiaceae	Galenical preparations of red cinchona bark	In the food industry as a source of cinchotannic acid	Tetrahydroxyanthraquinones, quinovin glycoside, whose aglycone is quinic acid
Isoquinoline alkaloids
Poppy capsules — Capita Papaveris Opium poppy — Papaver somniferum Papaveraceae	Omnopon — mixture of opium salts Morphine Codeine and codeine phosphate Papaverine hydrochloride	Narcotic analgesic Same Antitussive Spasmolytic and sedative	Morphine, narcotine, codeine, papaverine, thebaine
Yellow horned poppy herb — Herba Glaucii flavi Yellow horned poppy — Glaucium flavum Papaveraceae	Glaucine hydrochloride	Antitussive agent — non-narcotic codeine substitute	More than 15 alkaloids, biologically active — glaucine
Greater celandine herb — Herba Chelidonii Greater celandine — Chelidonium majus Papaveraceae	Infusion Juice	Cholagogue, diuretic, analgesic, laxative, antitumor	Chelidonine, homomethoxy, oxychelidonine, chelerythrine, sanguinarine, protopine, berberine, sparteine
Plume poppy herb — Herba Macleayae Small-fruited plume poppy — Macleaya microcarpa Papaveraceae	Sanguirythrine	Antimicrobial, anticholinesterase	Sanguinarine, chelerythrine, protopine, and allocryptopine
Barberry leaves — Folia Berbendis Barberry roots — Radix Berbendis Common barberry — Berberis vulgaris Berberidaceae	Tincture and infusion of leaves Berberine bisulfate from roots	Hemostatic Cholagogue	Berberine, oxyacanthine, berbamine, etc.
Smooth stephania tubers with roots — Tubera cum radicibus Stephamae glabrae Smooth stephania — Stephania glabra Menispermaceae	Gyndarin hydrochloride Stephaglabrin sulfate	Sedative, mild hypnotic, hypotensive Anticholinesterase	Gyndarin, stephaglabrin, gyndarinin, stephanin, etc.
Victor's ungenia leaves — Folia Ungermae victoris Victor's ungenia — Ungernia victoris Amaryllidaceae	Galantamine hydrobromide	Anticholinesterase	Galantamine and lycorine
Indole alkaloids
Ergot — Secale cornutum Ergot — Claviceps purpurea Clavicipitaceae Class Ascomycetes	Ergotal (sum of alkaloid phosphates), methylergometrine maleate, ergotamine hydrotartrate, belloid, bellataminal, adelfan, crystepin, etc. Parlodel	Uterotonic Sedative, hypotensive, adrenolytic Inhibits prolactin secretion	Ergotamine, ergozine, ergostine, ergocristine, ergocryptine, ergometrine, as well as amines histamine, tyramine, trimethylamine, choline, acetylcholine
Snakeroot roots — Radices Rauwolfiae serpentinae Snakeroot — Rauwolfia serpentina Apocynaceae	Raunatin, rauvasan, adelfan, reserpine, ajmaline, pulsnorm	Hypotensive, sedative, tranquilizing Antiarrhythmic	Reserpine, serpentine, ajmaline, etc.
Lesser periwinkle herb — Herba Vincae minoris Lesser periwinkle — Vinca minor Apocynaceae	Devincan, vincaton, vincapan	Hypotensive, improves cerebral blood supply	Vincamine (minorine), vincamidine, vinoxin, vincine, vincaminorine, etc.
Madagascar periwinkle herb — Herba Catharanthi rosei Madagascar periwinkle — Catharanthus roseus Apocynaceae	Rosevin, vincristine sulfate, vinblastine sulfate, vincristine, vinblastine	Cytostatic antitumor	Vincristine (vincaleukoblastine), vinblastine (vincaleukoblastine), catharanthine, vindoline, ajmalicine, etc.
Passionflower herb — Herba Passiflorae Purple passionflower — Passiflora incarnata Passifloraceae	Liquid extract Passit Novopassit	Sedative	Harman, harmol, harmane, norharmane, etc.
Fresh Dzungarian monkshood herb — Herba Aconiti soongorici recens Dzungarian monkshood — Aconitum soongoricum Ranunculaceae	Fresh herb tincture	Externally for radiculitis	Aconitine group alkaloids — aconitine, atisine group — zongirine, acetylzongirine
White-lip monkshood herb — Herba Aconiti leucostomi White-lip monkshood — Aconitum leucostomum, Ranunculaceae	Alapinine (lappaconitine hydrobromide)	Antiarrhythmic	Lappaconitine, lappaconidine, mesaconitine, axin, etc.
English yew — Taxus baccata Taxaceae	Paclitaxel Docetaxel (taxotere)	Cytostatic	Taxol Semisynthetic compound
Steroidal alkaloids (glycoalkaloids)
Cutleaf nightshade herb — Herba Solani laciniati Cutleaf nightshade — Solanum laciniatum Solanaceae	Solasodine, solacyt — solasodine citrate	Source of steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Externally for radiculitis, Burns	Solasonine, solamargine
White hellebore rhizomes with roots — Rhizomata cum radicibus Veratri Lobel's false hellebore — Veratrum lobelianum Melanthiaceae	Tincture Hellebore water	In veterinary medicine to combat animal Skin parasites	Jervine alkaloids: jervine, isojervine, rubijervine, isorubijervine, etc.

Table 17

Pharmacological action and application of herbal medicinal raw materials containing vitamins

Herbal raw material

Substance or drug name

Pharmacological action

Active constituents

Marigold flowers — Flores Calendulae

Pot marigold — Calendula officinalis

daisy family — Asteraceae

Tincture

Antiseptic,

anti-inflammatory,

reparative

Complex of alcohol-soluble substances, including carotenoids

Sea buckthorn fruits — Fructus Hippophaes

Common sea buckthorn — Hippophae rhamnoides

oleaster family — Elaeagnaceae

Sea buckthorn oil, olazol, hyposol, oblekol

Reparative, anti-inflammatory, bactericidal

Tocopherols

Rose hips — Fructus Rosae

Cinnamon rose — Rosa cinnamomea

Dog rose — Rosa canina

rose family — Rosaceae

Infusion, rose hip

syrup,

vitamin herbal tea

Holosas

Rose hip oil,

carotolin,

lipochromin,

caleflon

Arfazetin herbal mixture

Multivitamin,

antioxidant,

immunomodulatory

Choleretic

Reparative,

anti-inflammatory

Hypoglycemic

Complex of vitamins, flavonoids, carotenoids, Trace Elements

Retinols, carotenoids

Rowan berries — Fructus Sorbi

Rowan — Sorbus aucuparia

rose family — Rosaceae

Infusion, syrup, multivitamin herbal tea

Multivitamin,

choleretic

Vitamins: P, C, A, pectic substances

Nettle leaves — Folia Urticae

Stinging nettle — Urtica dioica

nettle family — Urticaceae

Infusion, fluid extract, multivitamin herbal tea

Allochol

Multivitamin, biostimulating, hemostatic

Choleretic, adaptogenic, antioxidant

Chlorophylls, vitamins C, K, P

Flavonoids, triterpene saponins, vitamins

Corn silk — Styli cum stigmatis Maydis

Corn — Zea mays

grass family — Poaceae

Infusion,

fluid extract,

insadol,

polyphytol-1

Hemostatic,

choleretic,

antispasmodic

Vitamins B, E, K, P, C, pantothenic acid

Shepherd's purse herb — Herba Bursae pastoris

Shepherd's purse — Capsella bursa-pastoris

cabbage family — Brassicaceae

Infusion, fluid extract

Hemostatic

Vitamins K, P

Guelder rose fruits — Fructus Viburni

Guelder rose bark — Cortex Viburni

Guelder rose — Viburnum opulus

honeysuckle family — Caprifoliaceae

Decoction

Decoction, fluid extract

Diaphoretic

Hemostatic,

anti-inflammatory

Vitamins C, K, B group, P

Tannins, vitamin K, iridoids

Black currant fruits — Fructus Ribis nigri

Black currant leaves — Folia Ribis nigri

Black currant — Ribes nigrum

currant family — Grossulariaceae

Infusion, syrup, vitamin herbal tea

Glucoribin

Riflan leaf tincture

Multivitamin,

desensitizing

Antiallergic

Reparative, anti-inflammatory for colitis

Vitamin complex: C, B group, polysaccharides, flavonoids

Polysaccharides, peptides

Flavonol derivatives

Wild strawberry fruits — Fructus Fragariae

Wild strawberry leaves — Folia Fragariae

Wild strawberry — Fragaria vesca

rose family — Rosaceae

Infusion

Multivitamin

Ascorbic acid, pectins

Complex of vitamins, trace elements, phenolic compounds

Cowslip rhizomes with roots — Rhizomata cum radicibus Primulae

Cowslip leaves — Folia Primulae

Cowslip — Primula veris

primrose family — Primulaceae

Decoction, infusion, Bronchicum (cough syrup, tea, elixir)

Expectorant,

vitamin

Triterpene saponins, polysaccharides, Vitamin C

Black chokeberry fruits — Fructus Aroniae melanocarpae

Black chokeberry — Aronia melanocarpa

rose family — Rosaceae

Infusion

Aromelin

Vitamin P activity

Reparative,

anti-inflammatory

Bioflavonoids

Carotenoids, vitamins C, P

Table 18

Complex herbal medicines

Drug	Composition	Action
Alittera, capsules	Garlic extract, primrose oil	Hypotensive, hypocholesterolemic, immunomodulatory
Alorom, ointment	Aloe juice, chamomile extract, calendula liquid extract, castor oil, menthol, eucalyptus essential oil	Anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, analgesic
Allochol, tablets	Bovine or porcine Bile, garlic and nettle extracts, activated charcoal	Choleretic
Altalex, drops	Blend of essential oils of lemon balm, peppermint, fennel, clove, thyme, pine needle, anise, sage, cinnamon, and lavender in an ethanol solution	Sedative, anti-inflammatory, carminative
Anavenol, ointment	Dihydroergocristine mesylate, aesculin, rutin	Venotonic
Anitos, syrup	Senega syrup, plantain syrup, thyme extract, anise essential oil	Expectorant
Apitussin, syrup	Herbamel (pine honey), potassium sulfate	Same
Armon, ointment	Complex of purified coniferous tree resins, sea buckthorn oil, calendula flower extract, St. John's wort herb extract, burdock root extract	Reparative, antiseptic
Biovital, capsules	Dry extract of hawthorn leaves and flowers, motherwort extract, vitamins	Cardiotonic, hypotensive, sedative, vitamin
Bronholitin	Glaucine hydrochloride, ephedrine hydrochloride, sage oil	Bronchodilator, antitussive
Valocormid, drops	Valerian tincture, lily of the valley tincture, belladonna tincture, menthol	Antispasmodic, sedative
Vicaïr, tablets	Sweet flag rhizome powder, buckthorn bark powder, basic bismuth nitrate, basic magnesium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate	Antacid, antispasmodic, astringent
Vicalin, tablets	Sweet flag rhizomes, buckthorn bark, rutin, kellin, basic bismuth nitrate, basic magnesium carbonate	Antacid, astringent, anti-inflammatory, laxative
Vundehil, ointment	Japanese pagoda tree tincture, galangal rhizomes, yarrow herb, propolis, vegetable oil, lard, beeswax, lanolin, caryophyllene	Wound-healing, reparative, bactericidal, anti-inflammatory
Gastrolit, powder	Chamomile extract, sodium and potassium chlorides, sodium bicarbonate, dextrose	Rehydrating
Hepabene, capsules	Fumitory extract, milk thistle extract	Hepatoprotective, choleretic
Herbogastrin	Liquid alcoholic extracts of chamomile, licorice, peppermint, sage, St. John's wort, sweet flag	Anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, stimulates gastric juice secretion
Gerovital	Extracts of hawthorn leaves and flowers, hawthorn fruits, motherwort, vitamins	Vitamin, used in combination therapy for cardiovascular and nervous system disorders
Pectoral elixir	Liquid licorice extract, anise oil, ammonia solution	Expectorant
Espol, ointment	Capsicum extract, dimephosphone (or dimexide), coriander essential oil	Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic
Efcamon, ointment	Camphor, clove oil, mustard oil, eucalyptus oil, menthol, methyl salicylate, capsicum tincture, cinnamic alcohol, thymol, chloral hydrate	Analgesic, counterirritant
Camilal, suppositories	Chamomile flowers, alder cones	Anti-inflammatory, emollient, reparative
Kamistad gel	Chamomile flower tincture, thymol, lidocaine hydrochloride	Antiseptic, analgesic
Canephron, capsules	Centaury herb, seedless rose hips, lovage roots, rosemary leaves	Antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, for chronic kidney diseases
Cardiovalent	Juice of Erysimum diffusum, concentrated adoniside, tincture of fresh valerian rhizomes with roots, liquid hawthorn extract, camphor, sodium bromide, chlorobutanol hydrate	Cardiotonic, antispasmodic, calming
Cardiofit	Spring pheasant's eye herb, amorpha fruits, hawthorn flowers, elderberry flowers, valerian rhizomes with roots, sweet clover herb, horse chestnut seeds, nettle leaves, lily of the valley leaves and flowers, peppermint leaves, licorice roots, motherwort herb, European mistletoe shoots, thyme herb	Hypotensive, sedative, anticoagulant, antihypoxic
Livolen, capsules	Extracts of yarrow, chicory, senna, black nightshade, terminalia, tamarisk, henna (basma), capers	Hepatoprotective
Aloe liniment	Juice of biostimulated aloe leaves, castor oil, eucalyptus oil, ascorbic acid, emulsifier, CMC	Reparative
Marelin, tablets	Extracts of madder, goldenrod, field horsetail, kellin, corglycon, salicylamide, magnesium phosphate	Litholytic
Traskov's antiasthmatic mixture prescription	Infusion of nettle leaves, horsetail herb, peppermint leaves, pheasant's eye herb, anise fruits, fennel fruits, rose hips, pine needles, sodium and potassium iodides	Bronchodilator, antispasmodic
Pectosol, drops	Liquid alcoholic extracts of elecampane roots, Iceland moss thalli, soapwort roots, hyssop herb, common thyme herb	Mucolytic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial
Pectusin, drops	Menthol, eucalyptus oil	Anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, antitussive
Pinosol, nasal drops	Essential oils of Scots pine, peppermint, eucalyptus, thymol, azulene, tocopherol acetate	Antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-exudative
Polyphytol-1, balm	Wormwood herb, corn silk, peppermint leaves, sweet flag rhizomes, everlasting flowers, galangal rhizomes, oak bark, dandelion roots, St. John's wort herb	Choleretic
Regulax, fruit cubes	Senna leaves, senna fruits, fig fruits, plum fruits, liquid paraffin	Laxative
Rotokan	Liquid extracts of chamomile, calendula, and yarrow flowers	Anti-inflammatory, regenerating, antibacterial, hemostatic
Rutes	Aescin from horse chestnut fruits, rutin from Japanese pagoda tree flower buds	Antiedematous, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, venotonic
Spazmocystenal, drops	Radobeline (belladonna alkaloid), alizarin (madder anthraquinone), magnesium salicylate, essential oil blend	Antispasmodic, diuretic, anti-inflammatory
Dry cough mixture for children	Dry marshmallow root extract, dry licorice extract, anise essential oil	Expectorant
Talita, cream	Extracts of golden root, bergenia, parsley roots, sea buckthorn oil, olive oil, beeswax	Anti-inflammatory, bactericidal, regenerating
Urolesan	Essential oils of fir, peppermint, castor oil, alcoholic extracts of wild carrot seeds, hop cones, oregano	Antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, choleretic, diuretic
Phytolysin, paste	Extracts of onion, couch grass rhizomes, birch leaves, fenugreek seeds, parsley fruits, goldenrod herb, rupturewort herb, horsetail herb, knotweed herb	Diuretic, anti-inflammatory, bacteriostatic, litholytic
Phytolith, paste	Extracts of field horsetail, knotweed, St. John's wort, avisan	Antispasmodic, diuretic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial
Phyton SD, balm	Water-alcohol extract of a mixture of parts of German chamomile, peppermint, beggarticks, pot marigold, yarrow, anise, greater plantain, fennel, glabrous licorice, elecampane, small-leaved linden, stinging nettle, rose hip, marshmallow, dandelion, oregano	Adaptogenic, anti-inflammatory, choleretic, antioxidant
Phytulvent, tincture	Valerian rhizomes with roots, St. John's wort herb, common thyme, yarrow, hawthorn fruits, oak bark, hawthorn flowers, chamomile flowers	Reparative, choleretic, antiseptic, sedative
Flora	Alcoholic tinctures of coriander, sweet clover, pot marigold, licorice roots, milk thistle, ascorbic and citric acids	Anxiolytic
Cystenal, drops	Madder extract, essential oil blend, magnesium salicylate	Litholytic

Herbal mixtures registered in Ukraine

Table 19

Name	Composition	Action
Arfazetin	Blueberry shoots, common bean pod Valves, Manchurian aralia roots (or Echinopanax rhizomes with roots), rose hips, field horsetail herb, St. John's wort herb, chamomile flowers	Hypoglycemic
Elecasol	Beggarticks herb, chamomile flowers, licorice roots, sage leaves, eucalyptus leaves, marigold flowers	Antimicrobial
Pectoral tea No. 2	Licorice roots, plantain leaves, coltsfoot leaves	Expectorant, antiseptic, anti-inflammatory
Choleretic tea No. 2	Everlasting flowers, bog bean leaves, peppermint leaves, coriander	Choleretic, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic
Antihemorrhoidal tea	Horse chestnut fruits, German chamomile flowers, sage, oak bark	Antihemorrhoidal, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic
Sedative tea	Valerian rhizomes with roots, peppermint leaves, bog bean, hop cones	Sedative
Stomach tea No. 3	Buckthorn bark, nettle leaves, peppermint leaves, valerian rhizomes with roots, sweet flag rhizomes	Antispasmodic, laxative, hemostatic
Vitamin tea No. 2	Rose hips, rowan berries	Anti-sclerotic, hemostatic, choleretic, diuretic, adaptogenic

Last update: 06/08/2026

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