GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY - T.P. Pyrog - 2004

8. FUNGI

8.7. BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES OF FUNGI

Biologically Active Substances of fungal origin include Enzymes, Antibiotics, Polysaccharides, toxins, plant growth stimulants, and Vitamins (Table 8.4). Some of these substances are bound to Cell structures to a greater or lesser extent, while others are secreted into the culture liquid in significant amounts. Many biologically active substances of fungal origin are widely used in industry, medicine, and agriculture.

Class="center">Table 8.4

Biologically active substances of Fungi

№		Biologically active substance	Producers
Enzymes
1		α-Amylase	Aspergillus awamori, A. niger, A. amylolyticus, Rhtzopus delemur
2		Glucoamylase	Aspergillus niger, A. awamori, A. oryzae
3		α-Glucosidase	Species of the genera: Aspergillus and Rhtzopus
4		Dextrinases	Species of the genera: Aspergillus and Rhizopus
5		Cellulases	Trichoderma konlngli, Trichoderma viride, Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus oryzae, Trichotecium roseum
6		Xylanases	Species of the genera: Aspergillus. Fusanum avenaceum
7		Pectinases	Botrylls cinerea, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhtzopus stolanlfer
8		Proteases	Species of the genera: Aspergillus. Mucor, Rhizopus. Penlclllium
9		Glucose oxidase and catalase	Penicilllum vitale
Antibiotics
10		Penicillin	Penlclllium notatum, Penicilllum chrysogenum
11		Citrinin	Penlclllium cltrlnum
12		Griseofulvin	Penicilllum grlseofulvum
13		Fumagillin	Aspergillus fumigatus
14		Gliotoxin, viridin	Trichoderma viride
Toxins
15	Stachybotryotoxins			Stachybotrys alternans
16	Dendrodochin			Dendrodochium toxicum
17	Sporofusariotoxins			Fusorium sporotrlchiflla
18	Aflatoxins			Aspergillus flavus. Aspergillus oryzae
	Exopolysaccharides
19	Scleroglucan			Scterotlum rolfsli, Sclerotium sр. Sclerotium glucanicum
20	Pullulan			Aureobasidium pullulans
Growth stimulants and vitamins
21	Gibberellins			Fusanum moniliforme. Fusorium oxysporum
22	B vitamins			Aspergillus species
23	Carotenes			Blacheslea trispora
Organic acids
24	Citric acid			Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus wentii
25	Gluconic acid			Aspergillus niger

Among the biologically active compounds synthesized by fungi, there are Primary and secondary metabolites. Primary metabolites are metabolic products essential for the growth and vital activity of the producer. Secondary metabolites include those that are not strictly necessary for the GROWTH AND REPRODUCTION of the producer. Examples of primary metabolites include organic acids, Amino Acids, and certain enzymes. Secondary metabolites include antibiotics, exopolysaccharides, and certain enzymes.

Last update: 13/08/2026

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