Human Biochemistry, Volume 1 - Murray R. 1993

Bioenergetics and Metabolism of Carbohydrates and Lipids
Physiologically Important Carbohydrates
Disaccharides

Disaccharides are sugars composed of two monosaccharide residues joined by a glycosidic bond (Fig. 14.13). Their chemical names reflect the constituent Monosaccharides. Physiologically important disaccharides include maltose, sucrose, lactose, and trehalose (Table 14.3).

Hydrolysis of sucrose yields a mixture known as "invert sugar", which is dominated by strongly levorotatory fructose that inverts the direction of optical Rotation of the originally dextrorotatory sucrose solution.

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Fig. 14.10. Streptomycin (left) and ouabain (right).

Fig. 14.11. 2-Deoxy-D-ribofuranose (ß-form).

Fig. 14.12. Glucosamine (2-amino-D-glucopyranose) (a-form). Galactosamine is 2-amino-D-galactosamine.

Both glucosamine and galactosamine occur as N-acetyl derivatives in more complex CARBOHYDRATES, notably as components of Glycoproteins.



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