Chemistry and Biology of Proteins - F. Haurowitz 1953



Foreword to the Russian Edition

The Role of Proteins in Biology

Methods for Protein Isolation, Purification, and Characterization

Isolation Methods

Fractionation of Protein Mixtures

Methods for Isolation, Purification, and Characterization of Proteins

Criterion of Protein Purity

Methods for Protein Isolation, Purification, and Determination

Color Reactions for Proteins

Methods for Protein Isolation, Purification, and Characterization

Irreversible Protein Precipitation

Quantitative Determination of Proteins

References

Hydrolytic cleavage of proteins

Methods of hydrolysis

Hydrolytic Cleavage of Proteins

Determination of Hydrolysis Rate

Fractionation and Isolation of Amino Acids and Peptides

Determination of Amino Acids in Proteins and Protein Hydrolysates

Amino Acid Composition of Proteins

Amino Acid Sequence in the Peptide Chain

References

Size and Shape of Protein Molecules

General Data

Osmotic Pressure of Proteins

Sedimentation Equilibrium

Protein Diffusion Rate

Sedimentation Rate of Proteins

Streaming Birefringence

Viscosity of Protein Solutions

Light Scattering by Proteins

X-ray Diffraction Analysis of Soluble Proteins

Electron Microscopy of Proteins

Comparison of Molecular Weights Obtained by Different Methods

Size and shape of protein molecules

References

Electrochemistry of Proteins

Amino acids as dipoles

Protein Ionization. Combination with Hydrogen Ions

Binding of Proteins to Other Ions

Protein Electrophoresis

References

Interaction of proteins with water

Hydration

Hydration of dry proteins

Protein-Water Interactions

Hydration of Dissolved Proteins

Protein-Water Interaction

Immobilized Water

Interaction of proteins with water

Solubility of proteins in water

Protein-water interactions

Proteins at interfaces

Protein-Water Interaction

References

Internal Structure of Globular Proteins

General Data

Terminal Groups of Peptide Chains

Internal structure of globular proteins

Substitution of terminal amino groups

Terminal d-carboxyl groups

Substitutions in other groups

Internal Structure of Globular Proteins

Cyclic Structures in Proteins

Branching of Peptide Chains

Amino Acid Sequence in Peptide Chains

Salt and Hydrogen Bonds in Proteins

Internal structure of globular proteins

Hydrogen bond

Internal Structure of Globular Proteins

Optical Properties of Proteins

Dielectric Constant of Protein Solutions

Internal structure of globular proteins

Protein denaturation

Internal Structure of Globular Proteins

Conclusion

References

Albumins, globulins and other soluble proteins

Classification of soluble proteins

Serum proteins

Fibrinogen and fibrin

Muscle proteins (contractile proteins)

Other animal albumins and globulins

Albumins, globulins, and other soluble proteins

Plant-derived proteins

Protamines and histones

References

Insoluble Proteins (Scleroproteins)

General Data

Keratins

Fibroin and Other Keratin-Like Proteins

Collagen and Gelatin

Elastin

Polyglutamic acid

Biological Significance of Structural Proteins

References

Protein Complexes with Other Substances

Intermolecular Forces

Complexes of Proteins with Non-Protein Components

References

Conjugated Proteins

Lipoproteins

Glycoproteins (Mucoproteins)

Phosphoproteins

Protein-metal compounds

Hemoglobin

Compounds of proteins with porphyrins and bile pigments

Nucleoproteins

Melanins

References

Proteins with Enzymatic Properties

Functions of Proteins as Enzymes and Apoenzymes

Physicochemical Properties of Enzymes

Functions of Apoenzymes

Enzyme Specificity

Combination of an enzyme with a substrate (enzyme-substrate complex)

Kinetics of Enzymatic Reactions

Mechanism of Enzymatic Hydrolysis

Hydrolases

Enzymatic catalysis of oxidation-reduction reactions

Enzymes Containing Iron or Copper

Flavoproteins and Pyridine Nucleotides

Other Enzymes

Conclusion

References

Proteins with Hormonal Activity

General Data

Thyroid hormone (thyroglobulin)

Insulin

Hormones of the Posterior Pituitary

Anterior Pituitary Hormones

Other Protein-Based Hormones

Action of Protein Hormones

References

The Role of Proteins in Immune Reactions

Antigens

The role of proteins in immune reactions

Antibodies

The Role of Proteins in Immune Responses

Antigen-Antibody Reaction

The Role of Proteins in Immune Reactions

Complement

Other Immunological Phenomena

References

Toxins (Protein)

General Data

Toxins (protein)

Bacterial toxins

Toxins (Protein)

Other toxins

References

Sources of amino acids for protein biosynthesis

Sources of Amino Acids for Protein Biosynthesis

Enzymatic Protein Hydrolysis

Dietary Protein Intake. Dispensable and Indispensable Amino Acids

Endogenous Formation of Non-Essential Amino Acids

Essential Amino Acids

References

Protein Synthesis

Amino Acid Polymerization

Enzymatic Peptide Synthesis

Rate of protein synthesis in a living organism

Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

Proteins of Cellular Structural Elements

Viral Particles

The Mechanism of Protein Synthesis

References