Molecular Biology: Protein Structure and Functions - Stepanov V.M. 2005



Preface

Introduction

Amino Acids

Acid-Base Properties of Amino Acids

Chemical Reactions of α-Amino Acids

Methods for the Synthesis of α-Amino Acids

Peptides

Chemical properties of peptides

Chemical synthesis of peptides

Enzymatic Peptide Synthesis

Natural peptides

Protein Isolation

Specifics of Protein Isolation

Characteristic properties of proteins underlying their separation

Separation of proteins by molecular weight. Gel chromatography (gel filtration)

Ion-Exchange Chromatography of Proteins

Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography of Proteins

Affinity (Biospecific) Protein Chromatography

Immunosorption

Prospects for Using Protein Engineering in Protein Isolation

Primary protein structure

Primary structure as a level of protein organization

Primary Structure of Proteins

Proof of Protein Individuality. Protein Microheterogeneity

Primary Protein Structure

Determination of the Amino Acid Composition of a Protein

Primary protein structure

Methods for determining primary structure

Determination of the primary structure of peptides

Secondary Structure

Structural features of the peptide bond

Steric constraints and secondary structure of the peptide chain

The Role of Hydrogen Bonds in the Formation of Secondary Structure

α-Helix

ß-Structure

β-Turn

On the Stability of Secondary Structure

On the Relationship Between Primary and Secondary Structures

Secondary structure

Optical methods for studying secondary structure

Tertiary Protein Structure

Stability of the Three-Dimensional Protein Structure

Tertiary protein structure

Hydrophobic core

Tertiary Protein Structure

The role of disulfide bonds in stabilizing the tertiary structure of certain proteins

Shape, compactness, and dynamics of the protein molecule

Tertiary protein structure

Features of X-ray diffraction analysis as the primary source of information on protein spatial structure

Protein domains

Tertiary Protein Structure

Formation of the tertiary protein structure from secondary structure elements

Polypeptide chain topology in proteins and classification of spatial structures

Structural Features of Membrane Proteins

Tertiary protein structure

Protein denaturation

Protein renaturation

Tertiary Protein Structure

On the Relationship Between Primary and Spatial Protein Structures

Quaternary protein structure

Stoichiometry and geometry of quaternary structure

Quaternary Protein Structure

Subunit interactions stabilizing the quaternary structure

Structural organization of subunit interfaces

Methods for Investigating Quaternary Structure

Functional Significance of Quaternary Protein Structure

Globins

Myoglobin

Hemoglobin

Chemical protein modification

Features of the chemical modification method

Chemical modification of proteins

Standard reactions for the chemical modification of protein functional groups

Applications of the chemical modification method

Enzymes

Enzyme Systematics

General Concepts of Enzymatic Catalysis

Basic Principles of Enzyme Catalysis Kinetics

Enzyme Inhibition

Serine proteinases

Lysozyme

Alcohol dehydrogenase

Lactate dehydrogenase

Triosephosphate isomerase

Catalytic antibodies ("abzymes")

Post-translational Protein Modification

Intramolecular Rearrangements in Proteins

Post-translational protein modification

Iodination of tyrosine residues

Post-translational Protein Modification

Formation of γ-carboxyglutamic acid residues

Post-translational protein modification

Protein glycosylation. Glycoproteins

Post-translational Protein Modification

Protein Phosphorylation. Phosphoproteins

Post-translational protein modification

ADP-ribosylation

Lipoproteins

Limited proteolysis

Processing of the amino-terminal region of a protein

G proteins

c-H-ras protein

Transducin

Stimulatory Gs protein and inhibitory Gi protein of the adenylate cyclase system

Immunoglobulins

Molecular organization of immunoglobulin G

Antigen-binding center

The Diversity of Immunoglobulins

Fibrous proteins

Collagen

Elastin

Keratins

Silk fibroin

Fibrillar proteins

Fibronectin

Fibrous proteins

Laminin

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