Human Anatomy, Part 1 - K. A. Dyubenko, A. K. Kolomiysev, Yu. B. Chaykovsky 2002

Preface

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Kuzma A. Dubenko – Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor at the Department of Human Anatomy, O. O. Bohomolets National Medical University. He has progressed from assistant to full professor of the department. His research focuses on the angioarchitecture of the Central Nervous System, the Hemomicrocirculatory bed of The Pancreas in normal and pathological states (pancreatitis), and The history of Anatomical Schools in Ukraine. He has published over 50 scientific papers, including the trilingual Anatomical Dictionary and Guidebook (1997); he is also the compiler of the National Anatomical Nomenclature (1997) and Anatomical Terminology (2001).

Andrii K. Kolomiyytsev – Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor at the Department of Histology, Embryology, and Cytology of O. O. Bohomolets National Medical University and the Medical Institute of the Ukrainian Association of Traditional Medicine. He is a State Prize Laureate of Ukraine in Science and Technology and a member of the International Academy of Pathology. His research focuses on tissue reactions during reconstructive surgery. He has published over 180 scientific papers, co-authored two monographs, and holds 8 invention patents.

Yurii B. Chaikovskyi – Corresponding Member of the Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Honored Worker of Science and Technology of Ukraine, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, HEAD of the Department of Histology, Embryology, and Cytology at O. O. Bohomolets National Medical University, State Prize Laureate of Ukraine in Science and Technology, and member of the International Academy of Pathology. After completing his postgraduate studies, he worked as an assistant at the Department of Human Anatomy of the Kyiv Medical Institute, and as a senior lecturer and associate professor at the Department of Topographic Anatomy and Operative Surgery of the Kyiv Institute for Advanced Training of Physicians. His research interests encompass neuromorphology, gastroenterology, dentistry, and the history of medicine. He has published over 250 scientific papers, including five monographs, and is a co-author of 13 invention patents, two textbooks, and 19 study guides.

DEDICATED

To students, educators, and physicians. The Authors

Preface

The publication of the textbook Human Anatomy in Ukrainian is driven by the need to introduce domestic medical students to the fundamentals of human anatomy, recent advances in morphological science, and the Structure/175.html">Implementation of International and National anatomical terminology. Notably, this is the first comprehensive modern Ukrainian-language textbook created over the past 66 years for students of medical universities, academies, and institutes, as well as practicing physicians.

Drawing on their extensive teaching, methodological, and scientific experience, the team of authors undertook the task of preparing a manuscript and publishing a textbook that meets the requirements for teaching human anatomy in medical educational institutions of Ukraine. The material is presented in accordance with the current human anatomy curriculum approved by the Main Directorate of Educational Institutions of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine (1993). All terms in the textbook are given with regard to the Basle Nomina Anatomica – BNA (1875), the Paris Nomina Anatomica – PNA (1955), the London International Anatomical Nomenclature – LNA approved by the XII International Congress of Anatomists (London, 1985) and published in Nomina anatomica, sixth edition (New York, 1989), as well as Terminologia Anatomica developed by the Federal Committee on Anatomical Terminology (FCAT) and approved on August 24–28, 1997, in São Paulo (Brazil).

Ukrainian equivalents of terms are provided in accordance with the International Anatomical Nomenclature¹, the Anatomical Dictionary², Anatomical Terminology⁴, and the International Histological Nomenclature³. Synonyms and eponyms are limited to those widely used in clinical practice.

The textbook consists of two parts.

The first part, in turn, is divided into general and special sections.

General Section: Introduction; Historical Outline; Human Development and Body Structure; General Information on The STRUCTURE OF THE human body.

Special Section includes the following chapters: Osteology [The Study of bones]; Arthrology [the study of Bone Articulations]; Myology [the study of Muscles]; Splanchnology [the study of viscera]; and Endocrinology [the study of Endocrine glands].

The second part includes the following chapters: Angiology [the study of The Cardiovascular system]; Lymphology [the study of The Lymphatic system]; Organs of Hematopoiesis and Immune Defense; Neurology [the study of The Nervous System] and Esthesiology [the study of Sensory Organs]; References.

¹ International Anatomical Nomenclature. Nomina anatomica / Compiled by K. A. Dubenko – Kyiv: VGF 'Perun', 1997. – 304 p.

² Dubenko K. A. Anatomical Ukrainian-Latin-English Dictionary and Guidebook: A Guide for Instructors and Students of Higher and Secondary Educational Institutions – Kyiv: Dovira, 1997. – 343 p.

³ Ivanova A. I., Chaikovskyi Yu. B., Lutsyk O. D. International Histological and Embryological Nomenclature – Lviv: Lviv Med. Inst., 1993. – 176 p.

⁴ Dubenko K. A. Anatomical Terminology – Kyiv: RVO 'Polihrafknyha', 2001. – 392 p.

The textbook material is presented at a modern scientific level. It follows a systematic approach in the following sequence: organ structure, functional purpose, topographical and Anatomical Features, modern imaging Methods, Blood supply, lymphatic vessels, and innervation. This sequence promotes a better understanding and mastery of the fundamental principles and regularities of systemic anatomy.

At the end of each chapter, the Early stages of embryonic organ and system development are examined (since students by this time already have a grasp of the Morphofunctional Features of the respective organs), along with the most common Developmental Anomalies and malformations.

Material on Organogenesis and microscopic anatomy is provided to the extent necessary to understand The Development of these organs and systems. This section was authored by Professor of Histology and Embryology, State Prize Laureate of Ukraine A. K. Kolomiyytsev.

To integrate the textbook material with clinical disciplines, elements of clinical anatomy have been incorporated into the chapters, which will help foster students' clinical knowledge from their very first year of study.

The textbook presents new anatomical data, taking into account recent advances in Morphology over the recent decades, as well as normal anatomical variants. The Historical Overview highlights the MAIN STAGES OF the development of anatomy in Ukraine, The Role of Ukrainian anatomical schools, and THE CONTRIBUTION OF Ukrainian morphologists to anatomical science, while also providing previously unpublished information.

In writing this textbook, the authors utilized Materials from classical manuals, textbooks, atlases, monographs, and original works by both Ukrainian and international authors. Some of the illustrations were borrowed, while others are original drawings made from anatomical preparations; the remaining illustrations were kindly provided by the staff of the morphological and clinical departments of O. O. Bogomolets National Medical University and research institutes in Kyiv. Consequently, the textbook can also serve as an atlas, ensuring visual clarity and facilitating a thorough understanding of the fundamentals of anatomy.

Given that the primary object of study in anatomy "...must be the living human being" (P. F. Lesgaft), the textbook features in vivo imaging, including X-ray anatomy, teleroentgenography, X-ray Computed Tomography, angiography, ultrasound examinations, and more.

The authors express their sincere gratitude to Academician of the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of Ukraine K. I. Kulchytsky, Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine O. O. Shalimov, Professors S. Kefeli, M. I. Shamayev, V. V. Zhylia, Ya. Y. Kryzhanovsky, A. V. Borysenko, O. V. Dolnytsky, V. I. Shcheglov, Associate Professors A. P. Didkivsky, L. V. Chernyshenko, M. P. Zakruta, O. K. Usatenko, the staff of the Department of Human Anatomy at O. O. Bogomolets National Medical University for their assistance in preparing this textbook, and the artists for creating the illustrations.

We would be grateful to our colleagues for their feedback and constructive suggestions, which we will gladly incorporate into our future work.

The Authors