Protein Chemistry - Part 1 - General Protein Chemistry - Ashmarin I. P. 1968



Preface

Introduction

Proteins and Living Matter

Definition of the concept "protein". Distinctive features of the composition, structure, and properties of proteins

Isolation and Purification of Proteins

General recommendations that are useful to follow during the isolation and purification of proteins

Removal of Non-Protein Substances

Extraction of Proteins from Cells and Tissues

Separation of Protein Mixtures

Methods Based on Differences in Protein Solubility

Methods Based on Differences in Protein Molecular Weight and Size

Ion-Exchange Chromatography of Proteins

Preparative Electrophoresis

Assessment of Protein Purification Efficiency

Quantitative Determination of Proteins

Methods for Assessing Protein Purification Efficiency and Homogeneity

Chemical Composition of Proteins

Hydrolysis of Proteins and Polypeptides

Chemical composition of proteins

Determination of amino acids in protein hydrolysates and their fractionation

General characteristics of amino acids

Chemical Composition of Proteins

Chemical Reactions of Amino Acids

Reactions of the Amino Group

Reactions of the Carboxyl Group

Reactions Involving the Simultaneous Participation of $\alpha$-Amino and $\alpha$-Carboxyl Groups

Chemical composition of proteins

Chemical reactions of amino acids

Reactions for individual amino acids

Amino acid composition of proteins

Chemical reactions of proteins, determination of terminal and functional groups in proteins

Chemical reactions of proteins

Reactions for sulfhydryl and disulfide groups

Reactions for free amino groups

Reactions involving carboxyl groups

Reactions involving aliphatic hydroxyl groups

Some other chemical reactions of proteins

Determination of N- and C-terminal amino acids

The method was proposed by Lens in 1949.

Primary structure of the protein molecule

Determination of the number of polypeptide chains. Chain separation

Study of the sequence of amino acid residues in peptide chains

Primary Structure of the Protein Molecule

Determination of the Number and Location of Disulfide Bonds

Spatial Organization of the Protein Molecule

Main Types of Bonds in a Protein Molecule and Levels of Its Organization

Secondary Structure of Polypeptides

Methods for Studying the Secondary Structure of Proteins and Polypeptides

Rotation of the Plane of Light Polarization (Optical Activity)

Spatial organization of the protein molecule

Methods for studying the secondary structure of proteins and polypeptides

Light absorption in the ultraviolet region of the spectrum

Spatial Organization of the Protein Molecule

Methods for Studying the Secondary Structure of Proteins and Polypeptides

Deuterium Exchange

Infrared Spectroscopy

Electron Microscopy

Helix-Coil Transition for Polypeptides

Tertiary Structure of Proteins. X-ray Diffraction Analysis of Proteins

Determination of the size and shape of protein molecules

Determination of the Size and Shape of Protein Molecules

Osmotic Pressure of Protein Solutions

Determination of the size and shape of protein molecules

Protein diffusion rate

Viscosity of protein solutions

Determination of the Size and Shape of Protein Molecules

Light Scattering by Protein Solutions

Flow Birefringence

Analytical Ultracentrifugation

Sedimentation Velocity Method

Determination of the size and shape of protein molecules

Analytical ultracentrifugation

Sedimentation equilibrium method

Comparative characteristics of methods used to estimate the size and shape of protein molecules

Protein Electrochemistry. Protein-Water Interactions

Amino Acids as Dipoles. Ionization of Amino Acids

Protein Electrochemistry. Protein-Water Interaction

Protein Ionization. Binding of Hydrogen Ions

Protein Electrochemistry. Interaction of Proteins with Water

Protein Electrophoresis in Liquid Medium. Moving Boundary Method

Dielectric Constants of Proteins, Relaxation Time, and Protein Molecular Shape

Electrochemistry of Proteins. Protein-Water Interactions

Protein Hydration. Partial Specific Volumes of Proteins in Solution

Protein electrochemistry. Protein-water interactions

Protein solubility

Protein Denaturation

Denaturing Agents

Properties of Denatured Proteins

Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Denaturation

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