Review of Medical Physiology - William F. Ganong 2002

List of Abbreviations

1,25-(OH)₂D₃ - 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol

16-OHDHEA-S - 16-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone sulfate

2,3-DPG - 2,3-diphosphoglycerate

25-OHD₃ - 25-hydroxycholecalciferol

5'-DI - type I iodothyronine deiodinase

5'-DII - type II deiodinase

5-DI - type III deiodinase

5-HT - serotonin receptors

5-HIAA - 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid

5-HPETE - 5-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid

5-PRPP - 5-phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate

a-MHC - alpha-Myosin heavy chain isoform

a-MSH - alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone

p-ARK - beta-adrenergic receptor

ß-IFN - beta-interferon

ß-MHC - beta-myosin heavy chain isoform

ß-LPH - beta-lipotropin polypeptide

y-IFN - gamma-interferon

AASH - adrenocortical androgen-stimulating hormone

ABP - androgen-binding protein

AC - adenylate cyclase

ACE - angiotensin-converting enzyme

ANP - atrial natriuretic peptide

APO - apoprotein

APUD - amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation

BDNF - Brain-derived neurotrophic factor

BGP - bone Gla-protein

BMP - bone morphogenetic protein

BNP - brain natriuretic peptide

CAG - cytosine-adenine-guanine

CART - cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript

СаЗБ - calcium-binding protein

СВ₁ - cannabinoid receptor 1

СВ₂ - cannabinoid receptor 2

CBG - corticosteroid-binding globulin

CGRP - Calcitonin Gene-related peptide

CD - cluster of differentiation

CFTR - cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator

CGRPa - calcitonin gene-related peptide alpha

CGRPß - calcitonin gene-related peptide beta

CNP - C-type natriuretic peptide

CNTF - ciliary neurotrophic factor

СОНb - carboxyhemoglobin

СОХ-1 - cyclooxygenase-1

СОХ-2 - cyclooxygenase-2

CREB - cAMP response element-binding protein

CYP - cytochrome P450

CYP11A - side-chain Cleavage enzyme

CYP19 - aromatase

DDAVP - desmopressin

ECL - enterochromaffin-like

EGF - epidermal growth factor

EP1-4 - cytokines, endogenous pyrogens

ERa - estrogen receptor a

ERß - estrogen receptor ß

FEV₁ - forced expiratory volume in one second

FGF - fibroblast growth factor

GAD - glutamate decarboxylase

GBG - gonadotropin-binding globulin

GDNF - glial Cell line-derived neurotrophic factor

Gla - glutamic acid

GLI - glicentin

GLP-1 - Glucagon-like peptide 1

GLP-1 [7-36] - glucagon-like peptide 1 (7-36)

GLP-2 - glucagon-like peptide 2

GLUT - glucose transporter

GRPP - glicentin-related polypeptide

Hb - deoxygenated Hemoglobin

HbO₂ - oxyhemoglobin

hCS - human chorionic somatomammotropin

Hct - hematocrit

HLA - human leukocyte Antigens

HSP - heat Shock Proteins

HS-CoA - reduced CoA

ICA - intracardiac adrenergic Cells

IFN - interferon

Іg - immunoglobulin

IRS - Insulin Receptor substrate

JAK - Janus kinase

LCR - locus control region

LIF - leukemia inhibitory factor

Lp - lipoprotein

LT - Leukotrienes

L-ДОФА - 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine

МАР - microtubule-associated proteins

MGP - matrix Gla protein

МНС - Major Histocompatibility Complex

ML1 - high-affinity melatonin site

ML2 - low-affinity melatonin site

ММС - mucosal mast cell

MODY - maturity-onset diabetes of the young

MPGF - major proglucagon fragment

MuSK - Muscle-specific kinase

Na⁺-K⁺-ATO-a3a - sodium-potassium-activated adenosine triphosphatase

NaEK - epithelial sodium channel

NF-_KB - nuclear factor _KB

NK - natural killer cell

NMDA - N-methyl-D-aspartate

NOS - nitric oxide synthase

NPR - natriuretic peptide receptor

P₀ protein

P450 - cytochrome P450

P450scc - side-chain cleavage enzyme

P50 - partial pressure of O₂ at which hemoglobin is 50% saturated with O₂

PAF - platelet-activating factor

PARs - protease-activated receptors

PDE - phosphodiesterase

PDGF - platelet-derived growth factor

pH - hydrogen ion exponent, the negative logarithm of the H+ ion concentration in a medium

Pi - inorganic phosphorus

pK - Equilibrium Constant exponent in Chemical Reactions

PKD-1 - polycystin-1 protein

PKD-2 - polycystin-2 protein

PNMT - phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase

PPAR - peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor

PPARy - peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma

PR_A - progesterone receptor A

PR_B - progesterone receptor B

PSA - prostate-specific antigen

PTHrP - parathyroid hormone-related peptide

PYY - peptide YY

QRS - ventricular complex on ECG

QS₂ - total electromechanical systole

RU486 - mifepristone

SF-1 - steroidogenic factor 1

SgK - serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase

SGLT - sodium-glucose cotransporter

SIADH - syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion

SIF - small intensely fluorescent cells in sympathetic ganglia

SRP - signal recognition particle

SNAP - soluble NSF attachment protein

SRY - sex-determining region Y

StAR - steroidogenic acute regulatory protein

STAT - signal transducer and activator of METABOLISM/31.html">Transcription

Т₃ - triiodothyronine

Т₄ - thyroxine

TF - transcription factor

Tg Ab - thyroglobulin antibody

TGF - transforming growth factor

t-PA - tissue plasminogen activator

ТРО Ab - thyroid peroxidase antibody

SF - thrombopoietic stimulating factor, thrombopoietin

TSH-R [block] Ab - thyrotropin receptor-blocking antibody

TSH-R [stim] Ab - thyrotropin receptor-stimulating antibody

UCP - uncoupling protein

u-РА - urokinase-type plasminogen activator

V - unipolar chest electrocardiographic lead

vF6 - unipolar left leg electrocardiographic lead

VL - unipolar left arm electrocardiographic lead

VR - unipolar right arm electrocardiographic lead

VEGF - vascular endothelial growth factor

Aß - ß-amyloid

APC - activated protein C

AV node - atrioventricular node

AVP - Arginine vasopressin

ADH - antidiuretic hormone

ADP - adenosine diphosphate

ACTH - adrenocorticotropic hormone

ALT - Alanine aminotransferase

AM - adrenomedullin

PAM - pulmonary alveolar macrophages

AMP - adenosine monophosphate

APP - amyloid precursor protein

ACE - angiotensin-converting enzyme

APC - antigen-presenting cell

APO - apolipoprotein

APO E - apolipoprotein E

ARP - absolute refractory period

BUN - Blood urea nitrogen

AST - aspartate aminotransferase

BP - blood pressure

FABP - fatty acid-binding protein

ATP - adenosine triphosphate

ATPase - adenosine triphosphatase

ACh - acetylcholine

AChE - acetylcholinesterase

ALS - AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS

BER - basal electrical rhythm

US - unconditioned stimulus

FFA - free fatty acid

HIV - HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS

VIP - vasoactive intestinal polypeptide

ICF - intracellular fluid

MHC - myosin heavy chain

VMA - vanillylmandelic acid

IUD - intrauterine device

AME - apparent mineralocorticoid excess

VOR - vestibulo-ocular reflex

RRP - relative refractory period

G6PD - glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase

GTPBP - GTPase-binding protein

GABA - γ-aminobutyric acid

GABA_A - γ-aminobutyric acid A

GABA_B - γ-aminobutyric acid B

GABA-T - GABA transaminase

HVA - homovanillic acid

GDP - guanosine diphosphate

HETE - hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid

TBG - thyroxine-binding globulin

HMG-CoA - 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA

GMP - guanosine monophosphate

GnRH - gonadotropin-releasing hormone

GRA - glucocorticoid-remediable aldosteronism

IPSP - inhibitory postsynaptic potential

IPSP - inhibitory postsynaptic potential

GIH - Growth Hormone-inhibiting hormone

hGH-V - human growth hormone variant

hGH-N - human growth hormone normal

GRP - gastrin-releasing peptide

GHRH - growth hormone-releasing hormone

GTP - guanosine triphosphate

GPI - glycosylated phosphatidylinositol

DA - dopamine

DAG - diacylglycerol

DHEA - dehydroepiandrosterone

DHEAS - dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate

DOMA - 3,4-dihydroxyphenylmandelic acid

DHT - dihydrotestosterone

DOPEG - 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol

DIT - diiodotyrosine

RQ - respiratory quotient

LSD - lysergic acid diethylamide

DMT - N,N-dimethyltryptamine

DNA - deoxyribonucleic acid

DOC - deoxycorticosterone

DOM - 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine

DOPA - dihydroxyphenylalanine

DOPAC - dihydroxyphenylacetic acid

DPPC - dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine

LTD - long-term depression

LTP - long-term potentiation

DPG - 2,3-diphosphoglycerate

E₁ - estrone

E₂ - estradiol

EEG - Electroencephalogram

EET - epoxyeicosatrienoic acid

ECG - Electrocardiogram

ECoG - electrocorticogram

ETEC - enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli

EMG - electromyogram

ERPF - effective renal plasma flow

EP - endogenous pyrogen

HBEG - His bundle electrogram

EDRF - endothelium-derived relaxing factor

ER - Endoplasmic reticulum

ET-1 - endothelin-1

ET-2 - endothelin-2

ET-3 - endothelin-3

TBW - total body Water

PCD - programmed cell death

EJP - excitatory junction potential

EPSP - excitatory postsynaptic potential

FTI₃ - free triiodothyronine index

FTI₄ - free thyroxine index

IDDM - insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus

IL - interleukin

IMP - inosine 5'-monophosphate

NIDDM - non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

IPSP - inhibitory postsynaptic potential

MIS - Müllerian-inhibiting substance

ISF - interstitial fluid

IP₃ - Inositol trisphosphate (inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate)

IGF-I - insulin-like growth factor I

IGF-II - insulin-like growth factor II

IGFBP-3 - IGF-binding protein-3

IGFBP-3 - insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3

RER - respiratory exchange ratio

SCFA - short-chain Fatty acids

ESV - end-systolic volume

CoA - coenzyme A

COMT - catechol-O-methyltransferase

CLIP - corticotropin-like intermediate lobe peptide

CRH - corticotropin-releasing hormone, corticoliberin

PRC - plasma renin concentration

CSF - colony-stimulating factor

G-CSF - granulocyte colony-stimulating factor

GM-CSF - granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor

M-CSF - macrophage colony-stimulating factor

CT - computed tomography

CP - creatine phosphate

LH - luteinizing hormone

LHRH - luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone

HDL - high-density Lipoproteins

LPH - lipotropic hormone

VLDL - very low-density lipoproteins

LDL - low-density lipoproteins

IDL - intermediate-density lipoproteins

LPS - lipopolysaccharide

LT - leukotriene

LCAT - lecithin-Cholesterol acyltransferase

MAO - monoamine oxidase

VMA - vanillylmandelic (3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic) acid

MHPG - 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol

MDMA - 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine

MIT - monoiodotyrosine

CAM - Cell Adhesion molecule

MVV - maximal voluntary ventilation

MMC - migrating motor complex

CMRO₂ - cerebral metabolic rate of O₂

RMP - resting Membrane Potential

mRNA - Messenger RNA

MSH - melanocyte-stimulating hormone

MuSK - muscle-specific kinase

CVR - cerebrovascular resistance

MT - microtubule

MF - microfilament

M6PR - mannose-6-phosphate receptor

UA - undissociated acid

NAD+ - nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

NADH - dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

NADH-DH - NADP dehydrogenase

NADP+ - nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

NEP - neutral endopeptidase

RBF - renal blood flow

GRN - gracile Nucleus

RPF - renal plasma flow

SCN - suprachiasmatic nuclei

NSILA - non-suppressible insulin-like activity

NSAIDs - nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

NSR - normal sinus rhythm

LES - lower esophageal sphincter

NT - neurotransmitter

BMR - basal metabolic rate

rT₃ - reverse triiodothyronine

PAH - p-aminohippuric acid

TBPA - thyroxine-binding prealbumin

PAMP - proadrenomedullin N-terminal 20 peptide

PG - prostaglandin

AGEs - advanced glycation end products

RFLP - restriction fragment length polymorphism

PEA - palmitoylethanolamide

PEG - polyethylene glycol

PET - positron emission tomography

ПІГ - пролактинінгібувальний гормон

PIH - prolactin-inhibiting hormone

ECF - extracellular fluid

PKC - protein kinase C

FLAP - 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein

hPL - human placental lactogen

PCR - Polymerase Chain Reaction

PMNs - polymorphonuclear leukocytes

PMS - premenstrual syndrome

ANP - atrial natriuretic peptide

POMC - pro-opiomelanocortin

PEP - pre-ejection period

ERP - event-related potential

PRH - prolactin-releasing hormone

FDPs - fibrinogen degradation products

PTH - parathyroid hormone

PRA - plasma renin activity

RAS - reticular activating system

ARDS - acute respiratory distress syndrome

RDS - respiratory distress syndrome of newborn

RNA - ribonucleic acid

rRNA - ribosomal RNA

RXR - retinoid X receptor

MIS - Müllerian inhibiting substance

SA node - sinoatrial node

SDH - succinate dehydrogenase

SDA - specific dynamic action

SC - secretory component

CK-MB - creatine kinase MB isoenzyme

CSF - CEREBROSPINAL FLUID

AIDS - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

SOD1 - superoxide dismutase

OVLT - organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis

SIDS - sudden infant death syndrome

SRP - signal recognition particle

SS 14 - Somatostatin 14

SS 28 - somatostatin 28

GHRH - growth hormone-releasing hormone

STN - subthalamic nucleus

HPNS - high pressure nervous syndrome

SFO - subfornical organ

NFP - net filtration pressure

LTH - human thyroid hormone

TR - thyroid receptor

TRH - thyrotropin-releasing hormone (thyroliberin)

tRNA - Transfer RNA

TSH - thyroid-stimulating hormone (thyrotropin)

TGFa - transforming growth factor a

TGFß - transforming growth factor ß

UDP - uridine diphosphate

UDPG - uridine diphosphate glucose

UDPGA - uridine diphosphoglucuronic acid

CS - conditioned stimulus

UTP - uridine triphosphate

FAD - flavin adenine dinucleotide

PIP₂ - phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate

PL - phospholipase

PLC - phospholipase C

FMN - flavin mononucleotide

TNF - tumor necrosis factor

EGF - epidermal growth factor

NGF - nerve growth factor

SRF - serum response factor

FSH - follicle-stimulating hormone (folliberin)

FGFR3 - fibroblast growth factor receptor 3

FCCF - quaternary complex factor

fMRI - functional MRI

hCG - human chorionic gonadotropin

hCS - human chorionic somatomammotropin (chorionic growth hormone-prolactin)

hCS - human chorionic somatomammotropin

CCK - cholecystokinin

CCK-PZ - cholecystokinin-pancreozymin

cADPR - cyclic adenosine diphosphate ribose

cAMP - cyclic AMP

cGMP - cyclic guanosine monophosphate

CDP - cytidine diphosphate

CNS - Central Nervous system

COX - cytochrome c oxidase

MTOC - microtubule-organizing center

CTP - cytidine triphosphate

HR - Heart rate

GIP - gastric inhibitory polypeptide

GFR - Glomerular Filtration rate

REM - rapid eye movement

NMR - nuclear magnetic Resonance

NTS - nucleus tractus solitarii