BOTANY WITH BASICS OF HYDROBOTANY - 2010

TESTS

1. These Cells are elongated and often have tapered ends:

а) epidermal; б) parenchymatous; в) storage; г) prosenchymatous; д) meristematic.

2. Which of the following is not a corpuscular organelle?

а) tonoplast; б) chloroplast; в) lysosome; г) ribosome; д) nucleus.

3. Closed membrane vesicles within METABOLISM/14.html">Chloroplasts are: а) cristae; б) thylakoids; в) lamellae; г) grana; д) chromatins.

4. Which of the following are bounded by a double membrane?

а) nucleus and vacuole; б) Cell/35.html">Mitochondria and leucoplasts; в) Plastids, mitochondria, and nucleus; г) Lysosomes, Peroxisomes, and nucleus; д) nucleus and Ribosomes.

5. A colorless plastid is:

а) chloroplast; б) chromoplast; в) leucoplast; г) tonoplast; д) symplast.

6. The breakdown of substances and specific Regions of the Cytoplasm is carried out by: а) spherosomes; б) amyloplasts; в) oleoplasts; г) lysosomes; д) ribosomes.

7. This organelle is the site of Respiration — The oxidation of nutrients accompanied by the release of energy stored in the form of ATP:

а) mitochondrion; б) ribosome; в) Endoplasmic reticulum; г) lysosome; д) nucleus.

8. Protein Synthesis in The Cell is carried out by:

а) mitochondria; б) chloroplasts; в) ribosomes; г) Golgi apparatus; д) thylakoids.

9. What is the name of The first phase of mitosis?

а) interphase; б) prophase; в) metaphase; г) anaphase; д) telophase.

10. These cells have approximately equal dimensions in all three directions (length, width, and height):

а) vascular; б) parenchymatous; в) mechanical; г) prosenchymatous; д) dermal.

11. Which of the following is not a corpuscular organelle?

а) mitochondrion; б) nucleus; в) chromoplast; г) Plasmalemma; д) lysosome.

12. The cavity occupying the central part of the cell and filled with watery cell sap is the:

а) pith; б) lysosome; в) vacuole; г) nucleus; д) centrosome.

13. Lignification of The Cell wall occurs As a result of the deposition of:

a) Lignin; b) suberin; c) cutin; d) pectin; e) Cellulose.

14. The compartmentalization function of a plant cell is performed by:

a) nucleus; b) ribosome; c) endoplasmic reticulum; d) mitochondrion; e) tonoplast.

15. The most common leucoplasts that accumulate reserve starch in the form of grains are:

a) amyloplasts; b) proteinoplasts; c) oleoplasts; d) chromoplasts; e) chloroplasts.

16. Infoldings of The inner mitochondrial membrane are called:

a) lamellae; b) cristae; c) thylakoids; d) grana; e) mesosomes.

17. Intracellular sorting of substances is carried out by:

a) endoplasmic reticulum; b) plastids; c) ribosomes; d) Golgi apparatus; e) lysosomes.

18. The period between two cell divisions is called:

a) interphase; b) prophase; c) metaphase; d) anaphase; e) telophase.

19. The photosynthetic function is performed by specialized Tissues known as:

a) Meristems; b) chlorenchyma; c) collenchyma; d) sclerenchyma.

20. Permanent (specialized) tissues do not include: a) meristematic tissues; b) Dermal Tissues; c) mechanical tissues; d) chlorenchyma.

21. Procambium and cambium, which form phloem and xylem, belong to:

a) apical meristems; b) lateral meristems; c) intercalary meristems; d) absorption meristems.

22. The tertiary protective tissue is:

a) epidermis; b) epidermis; c) periderm; d) rhytidome (bark).

23. These stone cells form the tissue of nut shells, cherry pits, etc.:

a) hyaline cells; b) sclereids; c) collenchymatous cells; d) idioblasts.

24. This assimilating tissue is found mainly in the needles and leaves of certain grasses:

a) palisade parenchyma; b) spongy parenchyma; c) folded parenchyma; d) sclerenchyma.

25. Tubes consisting of a vertical row of dead cells with perforations in their transverse walls are:

a) tracheids; b) vessels (tracheae); c) sieve tubes; d) meristems.

26. Dead mechanical tissue is:

a) collenchyma; b) sclerenchyma; c) parenchyma; d) chlorenchyma.

27. Fleshy thickenings of lateral or adventitious roots that undergo excessive growth:

a) ROOT crops; b) root tubers; c) bulbs; d) rhizomes.

28 Which of the following is not a stem modification? a) root crop; b) bulb; c) tuber; d) rhizome.

29. If a fungus penetrates the cortical parenchyma cells of a root and forms networks of hyphae within them, such mycorrhiza is called:

a) ectomycorrhiza; b) endomycorrhiza; c) ectendomycorrhiza; d) nodule.

30. The type of branching characteristic of multicellular Algae:

a) monopodial; b) sympodial; c) dichotomous; d) false dichotomous.

31. Plants capable of storing Water in a fleshy stem or leaves are known as:

a) hydrophytes; b) sclerophytes; c) succulents; d) aquatic plants.

32. What are plants that survive the dry season in the form of seeds called?

a) ephemeroids; b) ephemerals; c) succulents; d) sclerophytes.

33. What is the leaf venation pattern in dicotyledonous plants?

a) simple; b) dichotomous; c) reticulate; d) arcuate and parallel.

34. The root cap covers:

a) the zone of Cell Division; b) the elongation zone; c) the root Hair zone; d) the maturation zone.

35. A triangular stem in cross-section is characteristic of:

a) grasses; b) sedges; c) buttercups; d) yellow irises.

36. What surrounds the central cylinder of the stem from the outside?

a) epidermis; b) pericycle; c) vascular tissue; d) periderm.

37. What do the cells located inward from the cambium layer differentiate into?

a) primary phloem; b) primary xylem; c) secondary phloem; d) secondary xylem.

38. What are plants called whose aerial parts die off, leaving tubers or bulbs in the soil to survive unfavorable periods?

a) ephemeroids; b) ephemerals; c) succulents; d) sclerophytes.

39. A group of herbaceous plants characterized by jointed underground rhizomes and aerial shoots with upright, fluted, simple or whorled-branched stems with reduced leaves:

a) bryophytes; b) clubmosses; c) horsetails; d) ferns.

40. Which of the following statements is correct: "Algae are..."

a) lower plants because they lack true Organs and tissues;

b) lower plants because they reproduce by spores;

c) lower plants because they are predominantly small in size;

d) not plants at all, because they live only in water and lack flowers.

41. Which of the listed living organisms lack a cellular Structure?

a) Viruses; b) Bacteria; c) Fungi; d) cyanobacteria.

42. The female sex organs of multicellular and colonial algae are called:

a) antheridia; b) egg cells; c) archegonia; d) sperms.

43. Gametes in algae are formed by:

a) Meiosis; b) direct division; c) mitosis; d) conjugation.

44. Spherical bacterial cells forming a chain are: a) sarcina; b) streptococci; c) staphylococci; d) spirochetes.

45. Organs of Vegetative Reproduction in Lichens that form as outgrowths on the thallus surface and contain several algal cells enveloped by fungal hyphae:

a) conidia; b) soredia; c) isidia; d) spores.

46. In these modern herbaceous plants, the leaves are significantly larger than the stem, which is often creeping and referred to as a rhizome:

a) bryophytes; b) clubmosses; c) horsetails; d) ferns.

47. A type of Sexual reproduction in algae involving the fusion of two motile, morphologically identical gametes:

a) isogamy; b) heterogamy; c) oogamy; d) conjugation.

48. These are the most ancient algae, which are prokaryotes. Due to the absence of a defined nucleus and chromatophores, they are closely related to bacteria:

a) green algae; b) blue-green algae; c) red algae; d) brown algae.

49. The haploid phase in the plant life cycle is represented by: a) sporophyte; b) gametophyte; c) zygote; d) sporangium.

50. These plants do not require water for Fertilization: a) horsetails; b) ferns; c) mosses; d) angiosperms.

51. These plants are adapted to disperse their seeds and fruits via wind:

a) anemophiles; b) anemochores; c) entomophiles; d) autochores.

52. In general, the evolution of higher plants is characterized by the tendency:

a) toward gametophyte complexification; b) toward sporophyte complexification; c) toward gametophyte reduction; d) toward sporophyte reduction.

53. The cells of which living organisms lack a nucleus? a) viruses; b) bacteria; c) fungi; d) cyanobacteria.

54. Algae that contain silicon in their cell wall include: a) red algae; b) diatoms; c) green algae; d) brown algae.

55. Brown algae are:

a) prokaryotes; b) PROKARYOTES AND EUKARYOTES; c) eukaryotes; d) non-cellular

56. As a rule, the pigment phycoerythrin is found in the thallus of:

a) green algae; b) blue-green algae; c) red algae; d) brown algae.

57. A type of sexual reproduction in algae in which two motile, morphologically identical gametes fuse:

a) isogamy; b) heterogamy; c) oogamy; d) conjugation.

58. Vegetative reproductive structures of lichens that are formed inside the thallus and consist of several algal cells wrapped in fungal hyphae:

a) conidia; b) soredia; c) isidia; d) spores

59. In algae, chlorophyll and other Photosynthetic Pigments are localized in:

a) chloroplasts; b) chromatophores; c) eyespots (in euglenids); d) cristae

60. Rod-shaped, spore-forming flagellated bacteria are:

a) bacilli; b) streptococci; c) staphylococci; d) spirochetes.

61. Laminaria is an alga that is:

a) unicellular; b) multicellular; c) colonial; d) filamentous.

62. Fermentation is carried out by:

a) aerobic bacteria; b) anaerobic bacteria; c) heterotrophic eukaryotes; d) vi

ruses.

63. In The life cycle of these plants, the gametophyte is dominant:

а) bryophytes; б) horsetails; в) clubmosses; г) ferns.

64. The male sex organs of multicellular and colonial algae are called:

a) antheridia; b) egg cells; c) archegonia; d) sperms.

65. These plants are adapted to wind pollination: a) anemophiles; b) anemochores; c) entomophiles; d) autochores.

66. The protonema in bryophytes is:

а) part of the root; b) an underdeveloped leaf; c) the result of spore germination; d) a spore-bearing organ.

67. Water horsetail lacks developed:

a) leaves; b) stems; c) strobili; d) spring shoots.

68. In gymnosperms, pollen is a:

a) spore; b) prothallium; c) male gametophyte; d) female gametophyte.

69. A flower that lacks stamens is called:

a) monoecious; b) male; c) female; d) sterile.

70. The micropyle is present in the:

a) ovule; b) stamen; c) pollen grain; d) stigma.

71. Double fertilization in flowering plants is called so because:

a) both the embryo sac and the pollen grain contain two cells each;

b) two pollen grains are required for fertilization;

c) two Cells of the embryo sac are fertilized;

d) the Ovary contains two ovules.

72. The capitulum (HEAD) inflorescence is found exclusively in members of the family: a) Rosaceae; b) Brassicaceae; c) Asteraceae; d) Fabaceae.

73. Flowers arranged primarily in inflorescences are characteristic of the families:

a) Rosaceae and Solanaceae; b) Brassicaceae and Rosaceae; c) Poaceae and Asteraceae; d) Poaceae and Fabaceae.

74. Mycorrhiza is a phenomenon that:

a) severely harms human health; b) promotes the Nutrition of plant roots and fungal mycelium; c) facilitates the dispersal of fungal spores; d) has no effect on the state of the plant and fungus living in Symbiosis.

75. Which of the listed plants are hydrochores?

a) dandelion, ash, birch, maple; b) beggar-ticks, burdock; c) white water lily, yellow water lily; d) broadleaf cattail, water chestnut.

76. Which of the following cannot simultaneously be part of the same plant community? a) Nuphar lutea and Ceratophyllum demersum; b) Caltha palustris and Coronaria flos-cuculi; c) Laminaria digitata and Pinus silvestris; d) Glyceria fluitans and Acorus calamus.

77. Which plant species has a zygomorphic flower?

a) Utricularia vulgaris; b) Nasturtium officinale c) Caltha palustris d)

Nymphaea alba

78. Which of the listed plants belong to the water-lily family (Nymphaeaceae)?

a) Nymphaea candida; b) Nuphar lutea; c) Nelumbo nucifera; d) Victoria regia.

79. Which of the listed plants belong to the family Ceratophyllaceae?

a) Myriophyllum spicatum; b) Ceratophyllum demersum; c) Nuphar lutea; d) Phragmites australis.

80. Which of the listed plants are highly poisonous?

a) Ceratophyllum demersum; b) Cicuta virosa; c) Polygonum hydropiper; d) Ranunculus sceleratus.

81. Which of the listed plants belongs to the water-milfoil family (Haloragaceae)?

a) Trapa natans; b) Myriophyllum spicatum; c) Lythrum salicaria; d) Hippuris vulgaris.

82. The family Araceae includes:

a) Sparganium erectum; b) Calla palustris; c) Carex vulpina; d) Acorus calamus.

83. The Iris Family (Iridaceae) includes:

a) Luzula pilosa; b) Potamogeton crispus; c) Najas marina; d) Iris pseudacorus.

84. Which of the following combinations of plants cannot naturally co-exist within the same plant community? a) Nuphar lutea and Ceratophyllum demersum; b) Caltha palustris and Coronaria flos-cuculi; c) Laminaria digitata and Pinus sylvestris; d) Glyceria fluitans and Acorus calamus.

85. Which algae possesses a coenocytic (siphonous) thallus structure?

a) the freshwater blue-green alga Oscillatoria; b) the marine brown alga Fucus; c) the marine green alga Caulerpa; d) the freshwater green alga Cladophora.

86. The rhizopodial (amoeboid) type of algal Organization is characterized by:

а) the absence of rigid cell walls and The ability to perform amoeboid movement;

б) the presence of flagella as Organelles of locomotion;

в) the presence of cellular organelles typical of monadoid organisms (contractile vacuoles, stigma, flagella or their derivatives) combined with a sessile lifestyle;

г) the ability to undergo vegetative cell division in multiple planes, resulting in multi-cellular clusters that subsequently break apart easily.

87. The highest level of morphological Differentiation of the algal body achieved in the course of evolution is:

a) siphonocladous type of structure; b) siphonous type of structure; c) heterotrichous type of structure; d) parenchymatous type of structure.

88. In which algae are monadoid forms and life stages entirely absent: a) Raphidophyceae; b) Xanthophyceae; c) Rhodophyta; d) Chrysophyceae.

89. Red algae include:

a) Irish moss (Chondrus crispus); b) common chlorella; c) sea lettuce; d) curly

phyllophora

90. Vaucheria and Botrydium belong to the division:

a) green algae; b) yellow-green algae; c) red algae; d) golden algae.

91. The diatom Pinnularia belongs to the Class: a) Centrales; b) Bangiophyceae; c) Pennales; d) Florideophyceae.

92. To which class does the order Laminariales belong?

a) Phaeozoosporeae; b) Cyclosporeae; c) Siphonales; d) Conjugatophyceae.

93. To which class does the order Desmidiales belong?

a) Conjugatophyceae; b) Chamaesiphonales; c) Chroococcales; d) Hormogonales.

94. The vast majority of these algae are covered by a cellulosic cell wall consisting of plates (shields) that often form a frustule/shell:

a) Chrysophytes; b) Raphidophytes; c) Euglenoids; d) Dinoflagellates.

95. Which toxic blue-green algae frequently cause water "blooms"?

a) Anabaena flos-aquae; b) Microcystis aeruginosa; c) Nostoc pruniforme; d) Aphanizomenon flos-aquae.

96. The bioluminescent dinoflagellate Noctiluca belongs to the division:

a) Euglenophyta; b) Dinophyta; c) Cyanophyta; d) Cryptophyta.

97. Representatives of which algal order form coenobia? a) Volvocales; b) Chlamydomonadales; c) Polyblepharidales; d) Chlorococcales.

98. Chlamydomonas belongs to the division:

a) Euglenophyta; b) Chlorophyta; c) Raphidophyta; d) Dinophyta.

99. Which of the following plant species is the most tolerant to water mineralization?

a) Nymphaea alba; b) Hydrocharis morsus-ranae; c) Phragmites australis; d) Acorus calamus.

100. The life strategy type that characterizes plants with a shortened life cycle is:

a) violets; b) patientes; c) explerents; d) phanerophytes.