MEDICAL BOTANY - A.G. Serbin - 2003

PREFACE

INTRODUCTION

Botany as a Modern Science

SECTION 1. ANATOMY

PLANT CELL

Protoplast

Metabolic Products of the Protoplast

MERISTEMATIC TISSUES

ROOT

MONOCOT STEMS

MONOCOT RHIZOMES

DICOT RHIZOMES

WOODY DICOT STEMS

CONIFER STEMS

VEGETATIVE ORGANS

LEAF

QUESTIONS FOR SELF-ASSESSMENT

SECTION 2. MORPHOLOGY. REPRODUCTION

MORPHOLOGY OF VEGETATIVE ORGANS

ROOT (RADIX)

SHOOT (CORMUS) AND ITS PARTS

MORPHOLOGY OF REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS

INFLORESCENCE (INFORESCENTIA)

FLOWER (FLOS)

SEED (SEMEN)

FRUIT (FRUCTUS)

Monocarpic, or simple fruits

Apocarpic fruits (aggregate, or multiple fruits)

Cenocarpic fruits

PLANT REPRODUCTION AND ALTERNATION OF GENERATIONS

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

QUESTIONS FOR SELF-ASSESSMENT

SECTION 3. PLANT SYSTEMATICS

SUPERKINGDOM EUKARYOTA — EUCARYOTA. KINGDOM PLANTAE — PLANTAE

EMBRYOPHYTES (Embryophyta), or CORMOPHYTES (Cormophyta)

SEED PLANTS

PHYLUM ANGIOSPERMS, or FLOWERING PLANTS — ANGIOSPERMAE (MAGNOLIOPHYTA)

SUPERKINGDOM EUKARYOTA — EUCARYOTA. KINGDOM PLANTAE — CLASS DICOTYLEDONS — Dicotydones (Magnoliopsida)

Subclass Magnoliidae — magnoliidae

Schisandraceae family — Schisandraceae

SYSTEM OF FLOWERING PLANTS PROPOSED BY A.L. TAKHTAJAN (1987)

Subclass Ranunculidae — Ranunculidae

Buttercup family — Ranunculaceae

Poppy family - Papaveraceae

Subclass Hamamelididae — Hamamelididae

Nettle family — Urticaceae

Beech family — Fagaceae

Birch family — Betulaceae

Subclass Caryophyllidae — Caryophyllidae

Buckwheat family — Polygonaceae

SUPERKINGDOM EUKARYOTES (NUCLEATED) — EUCARYOTA. KINGDOM PLANTAE — CLASS DICOTYLEDONS — Dicotyledones (Dilleniidae)

Clusiaceae family — Clusiaceae

Mustard family (crucifers) — Brassicaceae (Cruciferae)

Tea family — Theaceae

Heath family — Ericaceae

Linden family — Tiliaceae

Mallow family — Malvaceae

Sterculia family — Sterculiaceae

Mulberry family — Moraceae

SUPERKINGDOM EUKARYOTES (NUCLEATED) — EUCARYOTA. KINGDOM PLANTAE — CLASS DICOTYLEDONS — Dicotyledones (Rosidae)

Rose family — Rosaceae

Representatives of the subfamily Rosoideae — Rosoideae

Representatives of the subfamily Maloideae — Maloideae (Pomoideae)

Myrtle family — Myrtaceae

Pomegranate family - Punicaceae

Legume family — Fabaceae

Rue family — Rutaceae

Horse-chestnut family — Hippocastanaceae

Flax family — Linaceae

Celery family (Umbelliferae) — Apiaceae (Umbelliferae)

Buckthorn family — Rhamnaceae

Oleaster family — Elaeagnaceae

SUPERKINGDOM EUKARYOTES — EUCARYOTA. KINGDOM PLANTAE — CLASS DICOTYLEDONS — Dicotyledones (Lamiidae)

Honeysuckle family — Caprifoliaceae

Madder family — Rubiaceae

Dogbane family — Apocynaceae

Olive family — Oleaceae

Valerian family — Valerianaceae

Mint family (Labiatae) — Lamiaceae (Labiatae)

Nightshade family — Solanaceae

Figwort family — Scrophulariaceae

Plantain family — Plantaginaceae

Aster family (Compositae) — Asteraceae (Compositae)

SUPERKINGDOM EUKARYOTES — EUCARYOTA. KINGDOM PLANTAE — Class Monocotyledons — Monocotyledones (Liliopsida)

Subclass Liliidae

Asphodel family — Asphodelaceae

Lily of the valley family — Convallariaceae

Onion family — Alliaceae

Bromeliad family — Bromeliaceae

Banana family — Musaceae

Grass family (Bluegrass family) — Poaceae (Gramineae)

SUPERKINGDOM EUKARYOTA — EUCARYOTA. KINGDOM PLANTAE — Class Monocotyledons — Monocotyledones (Liliopsida)

Subclass Arecidae

Palm family — Palmaceae

Arum family — Araceae

SUPERKINGDOM EUKARYOTA — EUCARYOTA. KINGDOM PLANTAE — DIVISION GYMNOSPERMS — GYMNOSPERMAE

Class Conifers — Pinopsida

Pine family — Pinaceae

Cypress family — Cupressaceae

Class Gnetophytes — Gnetopsida

Jointfir family (Ephedra family)

SUPERKINGDOM EUKARYOTA — EUCARYOTA. KINGDOM PLANTAE — SPORE PLANTS

DIVISION BRYOPHYTES — BRYOPHYTA

Class Mosses — Musci

Hair-cap moss family — Polytrichaceae

Peat moss family — Sphagnaceae

DIVISION CLUBMOSSES — LYCOPHYTA (LYCOPODIOPHYTA)

Class Clubmosses — Lycopodiopsida

Clubmoss family — Lycopodiaceae

DIVISION CLUBMOSSES — LYCOPHYTA (LYCOPODIOPHYTA)

Class Quillworts — Isoetopsida

Spikemoss family — Selaginellaceae

DIVISION HORSETAILS — SPHENOPHYTA (EQUISETOPHYTA)

Class Horsetails — Equisetopsida

Horsetail family — Equisetaceae

DIVISION FERNS — PTEROPHYTA (POLYPODIOPHYTA)

Class ferns — Polypodiopsida

Shield fern family — Aspidiaceae

KINGDOM CHROMISTA — CHROMISTA. TRUE ALGAE — ALGAE

KINGDOM FUNGI — FUNGI

DIVISION ZYGOMYCETES — ZYGOMYCOTA

Class zygomycetes — Zygomycetes

DIVISION ASCOMYCETES — ASCOMYCOTA

Class ascomycetes, or sac fungi — Ascomycetes

Yeast family — Saccharomycetaceae

Ergot family — Clavicepitaceae

Class deuteromycetes (imperfect fungi) — Deuteromycetes

DIVISION BASIDIOMYCETES — BASIDIOMYCOTA

Class basidiomycetes — Basydiomycetes

DIVISION LICHENS — LICHENOPHYTA

SUPERKINGDOM PROKARYOTES — PROCARIOTA

KINGDOM BACTERIA — MONERA. DIVISION CYANOBACTERIA — CYANOBACTERIA

SELF-ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS

SECTION 4. ECOLOGY, PHYTOCENOLOGY, PHYTOGEOGRAPHY

Elements of plant ecology

ELEMENTS OF PHYTOCENOLOGY

Phytocenoses

CLASSIFICATION OF PHYTOCENOSES

ELEMENTS OF PHYTOGEOGRAPHY

Distribution range

Flora and vegetation

Types of vegetation cover

FLORISTIC REGIONS AND BIOCLIMATIC ZONES

PLANT CONSERVATION

SELF-CHECK QUESTIONS

Glossary of Botanical Terms (Russian, French, and English variants)