List of Abbreviations

AK

aspartokinase

Ara

arabinose

ACTH

adrenocorticotropic hormone

Arg

Arginine

ACP

acyl carrier protein

Asn

asparagine

ATCase

aspartate transcarbamylase

Asp

aspartic acid

ASTLC

adsorption Thin-Layer Chromatography

ATP

adenosine triphosphate

cAMP

cyclic AMP

ACAT

acyl-CoA:Cholesterol acyltransferase

Cer

ceramide

cGMP

cyclic GMP

GABA

γ-aminobutyric acid

CMP

cytidine monophosphate

HMG-CoA

3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA

CoA (Q)

coenzyme A (Q)

DNA

deoxyribonucleic acid

CTP

cytidine triphosphate

DOPA

3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine

D

optical density

SDS

sodium dodecyl sulfate

dA

deoxyadenosine

DPG

2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (diphosphoglycerate)

dC

deoxycytidine

dG

deoxyguanosine

LDH

Lactate dehydrogenase

dT

deoxythymidine

HDL

high-density Lipoproteins

dTMP

deoxythymidine-5'-monophosphate

LDL

low-density lipoproteins

dUMP

deoxyuridine-5'-monophosphate

VLDL

very low-density lipoproteins

E (Enz)

enzyme

E₀

redox

LCAT

lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase

potential

FAD

flavin adenine dinucleotide (oxidized)

mRNA

Messenger RNA

RFLP

restriction fragment length polymorphism

_FADH2

flavin adenine dinucleotide (reduced)

AIP

acute intermittent porphyria

FMN

flavin mononucleotide

PEG

polyethylene glycol

Fuc

fucose

RNA

ribonucleic acid

G

ganglioside

rRNA

ribosomal RNA

ΔG°

Standard Free energy

PTLC

partition thin-layer

Gal

change

chromatography

galactose

tRNA

Transfer RNA

GalCer

galactosylceramide

ChT

Chymotrypsin

GalNAc

N-acetylgalactosamine

Cyt a(b, c, etc.)cytochrome a (b, c, etc.)

GDP

guanosine diphosphate

ESR

electron spin Resonance

GlcCer

glucosylceramide

GlcNAc

N-acetylglucosamine

NMR

nuclear magnetic resonance

Gln

glutamine

Å

angstrom

Glu

glutamic acid

Ala

Alanine

Gly

Glycine

ALA

aminolevulinic acid

GMP

guanosine monophosphate

AMP

adenosine monophosphate

GTP

Hb

guanosine triphosphate

Hemoglobin

HbA

normal adult hemoglobin

NADPH

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (reduced)

HbA₂

minor adult

NeuAc

acetylneuraminic acid

hemoglobin

P_i

inorganic phosphate

HbF

fetal hemoglobin

partial pressure of oxygen

HbS

hemoglobin in sickle Cell

pI

isoelectric point

anemia

Phe

phenylalanine

His

Histidine

PP_i

inorganic pyrophosphate

Hyl

hydroxylysine

Pro

Proline

Hyp

4-hydroxyproline

PRPP

5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate

IDP

inosine diphosphate

Q₁₀

Temperature coefficient

Ile

isoleucine

S

Svedberg unit

IMP

inosine monophosphate

Ser

Serine

ITP

inosine triphosphate

Thr

Threonine

IUB

International Union of Biochemistry

Trp

Tryptophan

TTFA

thenoyltrifluoroacetone

K_d

dissociation constant

Tyr

Tyrosine

K_eq

Equilibrium Constant

UDP

uridine diphosphate

K_m

Michaelis constant

UDPGal

uridine diphosphate galactose

Leu

leucine

UDPGlc

uridine diphosphate glucose

Lys

Lysine

UMP

uridine monophosphate

Man

mannose

UTP

uridine triphosphate

Met

Methionine

Val

valine

NAD⁺

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (oxidized)

Xyl

xylose

NADH

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (reduced)

Δμ

Electrochemical Potential difference

NADP⁺

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (oxidized)