BIOTECHNOLOGY - Inshyna N.M. - 2009

INTRODUCTION

BIOTECHNOLOGY AS A SCIENCE. MODERN ACHIEVEMENTS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

History of biotechnology development

Objects of biotechnology

Review questions

CHAPTER 1. GENETIC ENGINEERING

Isolation of nucleic acids

Enzymes for nucleic acid restriction and modification

Isolation of genes

Chemical synthesis of DNA and gene design

Vectors

Methods for introducing recombinant DNA into cells

Gene cloning. Gene libraries

cDNA libraries

Recombinant gene expression systems

Polymerase chain reaction as a method for DNA amplification

DNA sequencing methods

Human Genome Project

New directions in genetic research: genomics, behavioral genetics

Plant genetic engineering

Vectors for plant cell transformation

Transgenic plants

Plant growth-promoting bacteria

Animal genetic engineering. Technology for producing transgenic animals

Transgenic fish

Pros and cons of using transgenic plants and animals in agriculture

Review questions

CHAPTER 2. PROTEIN ENGINEERING

Rational design and directed evolution of protein molecules

Mutations and mutagenesis, and their applications in protein engineering

Recent advances in protein engineering. Modification of enzyme properties

Abzymes: catalytic antibodies

Review questions

CHAPTER 3. CELL ENGINEERING

Cell culture. Cell lines

Plant cell engineering. History of the plant cell culture method

Main directions of plant cell engineering

Higher plant cell cultures

Cellular selection

Haploid cell cultures

Plant protoplasts as objects for biological design

Micropropagation of plants

Artificial associations of higher plant cell cultures and microorganisms

Animal cell cultures. History of the method

Somatic cell hybrids

Animal cloning

Stem cells. Research history

Embryonic stem cells

Stromal and hematopoietic stem cells

Review Questions

CHAPTER 4. MEDICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

Production of Human Recombinant Proteins

Immunobiotechnology. Technology of Monoclonal Antibody Production

DNA Vaccines

Plant-Derived Vaccines

Genetic Diagnostics

Gene Therapy

Review Questions

CHAPTER 5. INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

Stages of Biotechnological Production

Types of Industrial Bioprocesses

Production of Microbial Biomass

Industrial Protein Synthesis Using Recombinant Microorganisms

Production of Microbial Cell Components. Industrial Enzyme Production

Immobilized Enzymes

Immobilized Microbial Cells

Technology for Microbial Lipid Production

Production of Microbial Primary Metabolites

Amino Acid Production

Production of Alcohols, Organic Acids, and Vitamins

Antibiotic Production

Novel Bioindustrial Products

Biogeotechnology

Bioelectronics

Review Questions

CHAPTER 6. ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

Wastewater Treatment Biotechnology

Wastewater Pollution Indicators

The Role of Aquaculture in Wastewater Treatment

Biodegradation of Xenobiotics

Phytoremediation

Biodegradation and Conversion of Municipal and Industrial Wastes

Utilization of Plant Biomass

Review Questions

CHAPTER 7. FUTURE PERSPECTIVES OF BIOTECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT

Review Questions

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

REFERENCES