CHORDATE ZOOLOGY STUDY GUIDE - Zakharenko M.O. - 2015

APPENDIX 2. LABORATORY WORK ASSIGNMENTS

TOPIC: EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL Anatomy of the LANCELET

Systematics

Taxon	Ukrainian name	Latin name

DRAW AND LABEL THE DIAGRAMS

Assignment 1. Draw the external anatomy of the lancelet and label its body parts: the oral hood with tentacles, atriopore, anus, and Muscular System (myomeres and myosepta)

Assignment 2. Examine the internal anatomy of the lancelet on a fixed specimen under a magnifying Glass and a Microscope. Draw and label the notochord, nerve cord, ocelli of Hesse, Pharynx, intestine, hepatic caecum, and Gonads.

Assignment 3. Label the components on the diagram of the lancelet cross-section in the pharyngeal and intestinal region.

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Assignment 4. On the diagram of the lancelet Circulatory system, label the ventral aorta, afferent and efferent branchial Arteries, carotid arteries, dorsal aorta, subintestinal vein, hepatic portal system, and hepatic vein.

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Assignment 5. Label the components on the diagram of the lancelet excretory system

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Assignment 6. Examine the diagram of lancelet development, label the drawing, and describe the MAIN STAGES OF lancelet Cleavage.

TOPIC: PHYLUM CHORDATA. SUBPHYLUM TUNICATA, OR UROCHORDATA

Systematics

Taxon	Ukrainian name	Latin name

DRAW AND LABEL THE DIAGRAMS

Task 1. Study the external anatomy of the ascidian. Label the diagram.

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Task 2. Study the internal anatomy of the ascidian. Label the diagram.

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Task 3. Study The Structure of the endostyle. Label the diagram.

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Task 4. Study the structure and Development of the ascidian larva. Label the diagram.

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Task 5. Study the structure of pyrosomes. Label the diagram.

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Task 6. Study the STRUCTURE OF THE salp. Label the diagram.

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Task 8. Study the structure of doliolids. Label the diagram.

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Task 9. Study the structure of appendicularians. Label the diagram.

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TOPIC: EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL ANATOMY OF CYCLOSTOMES

Systematics

Taxon	Ukrainian name	Latin name

EXAMINE THE DIAGRAMS AND STUDY THE ANATOMY OF CYCLOSTOMES

Task 1. Study the external anatomy of the river lamprey. Diagram

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Task 2. Sketch the Topography of the lamprey's Internal Organs and label the diagram.

Task 3. Study the structure of the anterior part of the lamprey's body.

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Task 4. Examine the Respiratory system of the lamprey and the ammocoete. Label the diagram.

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Task 6. On the circulatory system diagram of the lamprey, color and label the Vessels of the arterial and venous systems.

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Task 7. Examine the Skeleton of the lamprey. Label the diagram.

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Task 8. Study the structure of the lamprey's Brain. Label the diagram.

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Task 9. Sketch the diagram of the lamprey's lateral line system. Label the diagram.

Task 10. Sketch the diagram of the lamprey's eye structure. Label the diagram.

Task 11. Study the structure of the lamprey's ear.

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Task 12. Using the tables below, identify the lampreys shown in the diagram. Label them with their species names in Ukrainian and Latin.

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General characteristics of THE SUPERCLASS FISH

Systematics

Taxon	Ukrainian Name	Latin Name

STUDY AND LABEL THE FIGURES

Task 1. Examine the MAIN TYPES OF fish locomotion and label the diagram.

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Task 2. Examine the various body shapes of fish, label them, and indicate which species they belong to.

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Task 3. Identify and label the Water/8.html">LIFE FORMS OF fish based on their HEAD shape

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Task 4. Examine the body structure of fish and label the diagram.

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Task 5. Examine the types of caudal fins, label them, and indicate which fish species they are characteristic of.

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Task 6. Examine the types of dorsal fins and label the diagram.

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Task 7. Examine the types of scales and their modifications. Label the diagram and indicate the fish species characterized by each type of scale.

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Task 8. Examine the Mouth types in fish and fish-like organisms, label the diagram, and indicate the species they belong to

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Activity 9. Analyze the Features of the fish Digestive System and label the diagram.

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Task 10. Examine the Structural Features of the circulatory system. Label the diagram.

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Task 11. Study The Mechanism of osmoregulation in fish. Add the necessary labels and describe the processes for the specified fish groups.

TOPIC: EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL ANATOMY OF CARTILAGINOUS FISH

Taxonomy

Taxon	Ukrainian name	Latin name

EXAMINE AND LABEL THE DIAGRAMS

Task 1. Study and sketch the external anatomy of a shark. Add the necessary labels and captions.

Task 2. Examine and sketch the external anatomy of a ray from both sides. Add the necessary labels and captions.

Task 3. Examine the structure of placoid scales and their transition into shark Teeth. Label the diagram.

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Task 4. Examine the shark skeleton and label the diagram.

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Task 5. Examine the structure of The Skull and label the diagram.

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Task 6. Examine the structure of the shark's limb girdles and label the diagram.

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Task 7. Study the arrangement of the shark's internal organs. Label the diagram.

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Task 8. Examine the circulatory diagram, color the vessels of the arterial and venous systems red and blue, and label them.

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Task 9. Examine the structure of the shark brain and label the diagram.

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Task 10. Examine the lateral lines of the shark. Label the diagram.

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Task 11. Examine the structure of the membranous labyrinth. Label the diagram.

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Task 12. Examine the structure of the shark Reproductive System and label the diagram.

Task 13. Examine the structure of shark eggs and label the diagram.

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TOPIC: EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL ANATOMY OF BONY FISH

Taxonomy

Taxon	Ukrainian Name	Latin Name

EXAMINE AND LABEL THE DIAGRAMS

Task 1. Examine the division of the bony fish body into regions. Study the main schemes for taking morphometric measurements. Label the diagram.

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Task 2. Examine the structure of bony fish Skin. Label the diagram.

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Task 3. Examine the main types of bony scales. Label the diagram.

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Task 4. Examine the scales of various teleost fish under a microscope or magnifying glass. Determine their age. Draw and label the diagram.

Task 5. Examine the skeleton of a bony fish. Label the diagram.

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Task 6. Examine the STRUCTURE AND TYPES of vertebrae. Label the diagram.

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Task 7. Examine the fin skeleton. Label the diagram.

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Task 8. Examine the types of fin rays and fin modifications. Label the diagram.___________________________________________

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Task 9. Study the skull structure of bony Fishes. Label the diagram.

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Task 10. Examine the structure and describe the mechanism of the respiratory system. Label the diagrams.

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Task 11. Study the structure of the circulatory system and label the diagram.

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Task 12. Examine The connection between the circulatory and respiratory systems. Label the diagram.

Task 4. Compare the digestive systems of carnivorous and herbivorous fishes. Label the diagram.

Task 5. Identify the types of pharyngeal teeth and the cyprinid species shown in the diagram.

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Task 6. Examine the structure of The Nervous System. Label the diagram.

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Task 7. Examine the Sensory Organs and their connection to the nervous system. Label the diagram.

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Task 8. Examine the structure of the reproductive system. Label the diagram.

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TOPIC: EXTERNAL STRUCTURE AND SKELETON OF AMPHIBIANS

Systematics

Taxon	Ukrainian name	Latin name

EXAMINE AND LABEL THE DIAGRAMS

Task 1. Examine the External structure of amphibians. Label the diagram.

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Task 2. Examine and label the organs located on the frog's head.

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Task 4. Examine and label the diagram of amphibian skeletons.

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Task 6. Examine the structure of the frog's Pectoral Girdle. Label the diagram.

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Task 7. Examine the cross-section of the frog's skull, study the structure of the inner and Middle ear. Label the diagram.

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Task 8. Examine the structure of the frog's Pelvic Girdle. Label the diagram.

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Task 8. Examine the structure of the reproductive system. Label the diagram

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TOPIC: Internal Structure of AMPHIBIANS

EXAMINE AND LABEL THE DIAGRAMS

Task 2. Examine the structure of the respiratory system of amphibians. Label the diagram.

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Task 3. Investigate the breathing mechanism of amphibians and label the diagram.

Task 4. On the circulatory diagram, color-code and label the vessels of the arterial and venous systems.

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Task 5. Examine the structure of the brain. Label the diagram.

Task 6. Study the structure of the excretory and reproductive systems of the frog. Label the diagram.

Task 7. Familiarize yourself with the main stages of frog development. Label the diagram.

Task 8. Record the amphibians of the Kyiv region and their characteristic habitats.

TOPIC: EXTERNAL STRUCTURE AND SKELETON OF REPTILES

Systematics

Taxon	Ukrainian name	Latin name

EXAMINE AND LABEL THE DIAGRAMS

Task 1. Study the external structure of reptiles. Label the diagram.

Task 2. Examine the skin structure of reptiles. Label the diagram.

Task 3. Study the Skeletal structure of the lizard. Label the diagram.

Task 4. Examine the skeletal structure of turtles. Label the diagram.

Task 5. Examine the skeletal structure of snakes. Label the diagram.

Task 6. Examine the structure of the crocodile. Label the diagram.

Task 7. Familiarize yourself with the structure and cranial kinesis of snakes. Label the diagram.

Task 8. Study the structure of the pectoral girdle of reptiles. Label the diagram.

TOPIC: INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF REPTILES

EXAMINE AND LABEL THE DIAGRAMS

Task 1. Familiarize yourself with the topography of internal organs. Label the diagram.

Task 2. Study the structure of the digestive system and label the diagram.

Task 3. Investigate the structural features of the oral apparatus of reptiles and label the diagram.

Task 4. Examine the structure of the CIRCULATORY SYSTEM OF reptiles and label the diagram.

Task 5. Examine the structure of The Heart of a lizard and a crocodile. Label the diagram.

Task 6. Examine the structure of the respiratory system in reptiles. Label the diagram.

Task 7. Study the lung types in reptiles. Label the diagram.

Task 8. Study the structure of the nervous system. Label the diagram.

Task 9. Examine the structure of the brain in reptiles. Label the diagram.

Task 10. Study the sensory organs of reptiles. Label the diagram.

Task 11. Study the Urogenital System of reptiles. Label the diagram.

Task 2. Record the reptiles of the Kyiv region and their characteristic habitats.

TOPIC: EXTERNAL ANATOMY OF BIRDS

Taxonomic position of the specimen:

Taxon	Ukrainian name	Latin name

EXAMINE AND LABEL THE DIAGRAMS

Task 1. Examine the external anatomy of the body and label the diagram.

Task 2. Examine the arrangement (A) and types of feathers (B) on the forelimbs of birds. Label the diagram.

Task 3. Examine the topography of the plumage and label the diagram.

Task 4. Draw and label the main Cytology/cytology/18.html">Stages of Bird feather development.

Task 5. Study the main types of feathers in birds and label the diagram.

Task 6. Examine the horny modifications in birds. Label the diagram.

Task 7. Examine the diagram of the limbs and indicate which birds they belong to based on their lifestyle.

Task 8. Examine the diagram of the beaks and indicate which birds they belong to based on their lifestyle.

Task 9. Using literature sources, compile a list of birds characterized by specific morphometric features, lifestyle, and other distinctive traits.

TOPIC: SKELETAL AND MUSCULAR SYSTEMS OF BIRDS

EXAMINE AND LABEL THE DIAGRAMS

Task 1. Study the skeletal topography of birds and label the diagram.

Task 2. Examine the attachment and movement of Ribs in birds, and describe their movement during respiration. Label the diagram.

Task 3. Study the structure of the trunk region in birds. Label the diagram.

Task 4. Study the structure of the coccygeal region in birds, and record its constituent parts. Label the diagram.

Task 5. Examine the avian skull. Label the diagram.

Task 6. Examine the pectoral and pelvic girdles of birds. Label the diagram.

Task 7. Examine the attachment and function of the Muscles of the forelimbs and hindlimbs. Label the diagram.

TOPIC: INTERNAL ANATOMY OF BIRDS

EXAMINE AND LABEL THE DIAGRAMS

Task 1. Study the topography of the internal organs of birds and label the diagram.

Task 2. Examine the attachment and movement of ribs in birds, and describe their movement during respiration. Label the diagram.

Task 3. Study the structure of the avian Arterial System. Label the diagram.

Task 4. Study the structure of the avian Venous system. Label the diagram.

Task 5. Study the structure of the avian respiratory system. Label the diagram.

Task 6. Examine the avian urogenital system. Label the diagram.

Task 7. Examine the avian nervous system. Label the diagram.

Task 8. Examine the structure of the avian eye. Label the diagram.

Task 9. Examine the structure of a bird's egg. Label the diagram.

Task 10. Record the birds of the Kyiv region and their characteristic biotopes.

TOPIC: EXTERNAL ANATOMY, SKELETON, AND MUSCULATURE OF MAMMALS

Systematics

Taxon	Ukrainian name	Latin name

EXAMINE AND LABEL THE DIAGRAMS

Task 1. Examine the body shape and parts of various mammals and label the diagrams.

Task 2. Sketch the structure of mammalian skin and label the diagram.

Task 3. Examine the main skin modifications in the diagrams below and label them.

Task 1. Examine the skeletal structure of mammals and label the diagram.

Task 2. Examine the general structure of a mammalian vertebra and label the diagram.

Task 3. Examine the general Structure of Different mammalian vertebrae and label the diagram.

Task 4. Examine the skull structure of mammals and label the diagram.

Task 5. Examine the structure of the girdle (A) and hind limbs (B) of mammals and label the diagram.

Task 6. Examine the types of mammalian limbs and label the diagram.

Task 7. Examine the major Muscle groups of mammals and label the diagram.

Task 8. Examine the structure of the girdle and forelimbs of mammals and label the diagram.

TOPIC: INTERNAL ANATOMY OF MAMMALS

EXAMINE AND LABEL THE DIAGRAMS

Task 1. Study the topography of mammalian internal organs and label the diagram

Task 2. Examine the Location of Salivary Glands in mammals and label the diagram

Task 3. Examine the topography of mammalian internal organs and label the diagram

Task 4. Examine the structure of mammalian stomachs and label the diagram.

Task 5. Examine The Stomach structure of ruminant mammals and label the diagram.

Task 6. Examine the structure of the mammalian circulatory system and heart and label the diagram.

Task 7. Examine the structure of mammalian Lungs and label the diagram.

Task 8. Examine the mammalian nervous system and label the diagram.

Task 9. Study the structure of the mammalian urogenital system and label the diagram

Task 10. List the mammals of the Kyiv region.

Last update: 19/08/2026

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