Plant Physiology - Musienko, M. M. 2001

Respiration
Review questions and tasks

1. Characterize Respiration and Fermentation. What is The Significance of respiration in plant life?

2. Outline the historical Development of concepts regarding The Nature of mechanisms and pathways of redox transformations in The Cell.

3. What are Oxidation and reduction? Prove that respiration is a redox process.

4. How does the unification of respiratory substrates occur? Define the respiratory quotient.

5. Characterize the catalytic systems of respiration.

6. Why is aerobic respiration more efficient compared to Anaerobic respiration?

7. What is The Role of phosphorus in respiratory processes?

8. Name the pathways of organic matter oxidation in the cell.

9. What are the Main Pathways of carbohydrate dissimilation?

10. Characterize The process of Glycolysis. What is its role in anabolic METABOLISM (constructive metabolism) of the cell? At which stages of glycolysis and at the expense of energy from which reactions is ATP synthesized? What is the end product of glycolysis?

11. Why is respiration not a direct oxidation of glucose, but a multi-step process?

12. Describe The Fate of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen atoms during The breakdown of pyruvic acid in respiration.

13. Characterize the MAIN STAGES OF the Krebs cycle.

14. Describe the Mitochondrial Electron Transport chain, specifically its structural Organization, main components, and their redox potentials.

15. Explain the relationship between the ultrastructure and function of Mitochondria.

16. What is the energy source for the functioning of the Respiratory Chain? Why is oxygen necessary for its operation?

17. What is Oxidative Phosphorylation? Name the Similarities and differences between photosynthetic and oxidative Photophosphorylation.

18. In what form can The energy released during respiration be utilized by the plant Organism?

19. How many ATP molecules are produced during the breakdown of a single glucose molecule in the anaerobic and aerobic phases of respiration?

20. What are the Main Features of the Pentose Phosphate Pathway of respiration?

21. Characterize The Glyoxylate cycle.

22. What is the physiological significance of alternative respiratory pathways?

23. What factors influence The rate of the respiration process?

24. Name the similarities and differences between Photosynthesis and respiration.

25. Explain why Respiration is the central mechanism connecting various groups of essential Organic compounds—CARBOHYDRATES, organic acids, fats, and Proteins.

26. What reactions are required to obtain fructose, ethyl alcohol, one of the Fatty acids, and aspartic acid from a glucose molecule?

27. From which intermediate product of respiration are fatty acids synthesized? All fatty acids found in plants contain an even number of carbon atoms. How can this be explained?

28. How is respiration related to photosynthesis and cellular Nitrogen metabolism?

29. Provide Examples of regulatory mechanisms involved in respiration processes.

30. Describe the strategic purpose of respiration in the plant organism.



Last update: 07/08/2026

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