Human Biochemistry Volume 1 - Murray R. 1993

Bioenergetics and Metabolism of Carbohydrates and Lipids
Oxidative Phosphorylation and Mitochondrial Transport Systems
Respiratory Chain

All of the useful energy released during the Oxidation of Fatty acids and Amino Acids, and almost all of the energy from carbohydrate oxidation, is utilized in Cell/35.html">Mitochondria in the form of reducing equivalents (—H or electrons). Mitochondria contain several catalysts that form the respiratory chain, which capture and transfer reducing equivalents, directing them to react with oxygen to form Water. Simultaneously, a mechanism operates to capture potential Free energy and store it in the form of high-energy phosphates. Mitochondria also contain enzyme systems responsible for generating the majority of reducing equivalents; these are the Enzymes of ß-Oxidation and The Citric Acid Cycle (the latter serving as a common metabolic pathway for The oxidation of all major nutrients). These relationships are illustrated in Fig. 13.1.



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