BIOCHEMISTRY in Questions and Answers - Alimov A.M. - 2016

Introduction

Biological chemistry is the science of The chemical composition, Structure, and Functions of substances that make up living matter, as well as their transformations in life processes. The primary objective of biochemistry is to establish the fundamental laws of chemical processes and to elucidate the relationships between the STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS of Biomolecules involved in cellular METABOLISM.

Biochemistry is the science of life and chemical phenomena. Every Organism is a self-regulating system characterized by metabolism, growth, and reproduction. In a living organism, There is a continuous expenditure of energy absorbed from the external environment as chemical energy, which is converted by The Cell into useful energy. For the normal course of life processes, maintaining the relative constancy of the internal environment (the Chemical composition of Cells and Tissues) is essential. This is ensured through the synthesis of necessary substances. The main substrates for synthesis are nutrients entering the organism from the environment: Proteins, CARBOHYDRATES, Lipids, Vitamins, salts, Water, and oxygen. In living cells, The breakdown of substances (dissimilation) is constantly coupled with their synthesis (assimilation). Breakdown and synthesis represent Two Sides of a single vital process.

The main feature of metabolism in a living cell (organism) is the unity and INTERCONNECTION OF THE numerous reactions occurring within it.

Biochemistry studies the chemistry of living nature across a wide range—from humans and vertebrates to Bacteria and Viruses. Depending on the object of study, biochemistry is divided into human, animal, plant, bacterial, and viral biochemistry. However, despite certain, sometimes fundamental differences in the Chemical Composition and metabolism of various species of living organisms, there is a biochemical unity of all life forms. Proteins occupy a central place in all processes underlying the organism's metabolism. Nucleic Acids serve as the repository of hereditary information. Carbohydrates, lipids, inorganic salts, and water play a vital role. The main feature of metabolism in a living cell is the unity and interconnection of the numerous reactions taking into account its processes.

Drawing upon years of experience in teaching biochemistry and considering the difficulties encountered in mastering it, we have compiled this study guide for students studying biochemistry. We believe that this manual will prove useful in helping students master this discipline.

Living matter is a complex biological system in which proteins and nucleic acids play the leading role. Proteins occupy a central place in all processes that determine Metabolism in the Organism. Nucleic acids are the custodians of Genetic information. Carbohydrates, lipids, inorganic salts, and water play an important role, albeit a subordinate one. The main feature of metabolism in a living cell is the unity and interconnection of the numerous reactions taking place within it.