Molecular Biotechnology: Principles and Applications - Glick B., Pasternak J. 2002



From the Translation Editor

Preface

Preface to the First Edition

Fundamentals of Molecular Biotechnology

The Molecular Biotechnology Revolution

Recombinant DNA Technology

The Emergence of Molecular Biotechnology

Commercialization of Molecular Biotechnology

Hopes and Fears

Conclusion

Biological Systems Used in Molecular Biotechnology

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

Eukaryotic Cell Cultures

Conclusion

DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis

DNA Structure

Replication

Deciphering Genetic Information; RNA and Protein

Translation

Transcriptional Regulation in Bacteria

Regulation of Transcription in Eukaryotes

Conclusion

Recombinant DNA Technology

Restriction Endonucleases

Plasmid Vectors

Cloning of Eukaryotic Structural Genes

Vectors for Cloning Large DNA Fragments

Genetic Transformation of Prokaryotes

Conclusion

Chemical Synthesis, Nucleotide Sequencing, and DNA Amplification

Chemical DNA Synthesis

Chemical Synthesis, Determination of Nucleotide Sequence, and DNA Amplification

DNA Sequencing Methods

Chemical synthesis, nucleotide sequence determination, and DNA amplification

Polymerase chain reaction

Chemical Synthesis, Nucleotide Sequencing, and DNA Amplification

Conclusion

Optimization of Gene Expression Cloned in Prokaryotic Systems

Gene Expression Mediated by Strong Regulated Promoters

Chimeric Proteins

Optimization of Gene Expression in Prokaryotic Systems

Unidirectional Tandem Gene Arrangement

Optimization of Gene Expression Cloned in Prokaryotic Systems

Translational Expression Vectors

Protein Stabilization

Growth under Oxygen-Limiting Conditions

Integration of Foreign DNA into the Host Chromosome

Enhancing Secretion Efficiency

Metabolic Overload

Conclusion

Production of Recombinant Proteins Using Eukaryotic Systems

Saccharomyces cerevisiae Expression Systems

Other Yeast Expression Systems

Expression Systems Using Insect Cell Cultures

Expression Vectors for Mammalian Cell Culture

Conclusion

Site-Directed Mutagenesis and Protein Engineering

Site-Directed Mutagenesis: Methodology

Protein Engineering

Conclusion

Molecular Biotechnology of Microbial Systems

Molecular Diagnostics

Immunodiagnostic Methods

DNA Diagnostic Systems

Molecular Diagnostics of Genetic Diseases

Perspectives

Conclusion

Microbial Production of Pharmaceuticals

Pharmaceuticals

Enzymes

Antibody production in E. coli

Microbial Production of Therapeutic Agents

Conclusion

Vaccines

Subunit Vaccines

Attenuated Vaccines

Conclusion

Using Recombinant Microorganisms to Produce Commercial Products

Restriction Endonucleases

Use of Recombinant Microorganisms for the Production of Commercial Products

Small Biological Molecules

The Use of Recombinant Microorganisms for the Production of Commercial Products

Antibiotics

Use of Recombinant Microorganisms for the Production of Commercial Products

Biopolymers

Using Recombinant Microorganisms for the Production of Commercial Products

Conclusion

Biodegradation of Toxic Compounds and Biomass Utilization

Microbial Degradation of Xenobiotics

Genetically engineered metabolic pathways for xenobiotic biodegradation

Utilization of Starch and Sugars

Cellulose Utilization

Single-Cell Protein

Conclusion

Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria

Nitrogen Fixation

Nitrogenase

Hydrogenase

Nodulation

Biocontrol of Pathogenic Microorganisms

Plant Growth Promotion by Free-Living Bacteria

Conclusion

Microbial Insecticides

Toxin synthesized by Bacillus thuringiensis

Baculoviruses as Biocontrol Agents

Conclusion

Industrial Protein Synthesis Using Recombinant Microorganisms

Microbial Growth

Enhancing Fermentation Efficiency

Typical Large-Scale Fermentation Systems

Cell Harvesting

Cell Disruption

Downstream Processing

Conclusion

Plant Genetic Engineering: Methodology

Plant transformation with the Ti plasmid from Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Ti Plasmid-Based Vector Systems

Physical Methods of Gene Transfer into Plant Cells

Microparticle Bombardment

Application of Reporter Genes in Plant Cell Transformation

Experiments on the expression of foreign genes in plants

Generation of marker-free transgenic plants

Molecular Biotechnology of Microbiological Systems

Conclusion

Plant Genetic Engineering: Applications

Development of Insect-, Virus-, and Herbicide-Resistant Plants

Development of Plants Resistant to Environmental Stress and Aging

Modification of Flower Color

Modification of the Nutritional Value of Plants

Molecular Biotechnology of Microbial Systems

Modification of Fruit Taste and Appearance

Molecular Biotechnology of Microbiological Systems

Plants as Bioreactors

Conclusion

Transgenic Animals

Transgenic Mice: Methodology

Transgenic Mice: Applications

Transgenic Cattle

Molecular Biotechnology of Microbial Systems

Transgenic Sheep, Goats, and Pigs

Molecular Biotechnology of Microbiological Systems

Transgenic Birds

Transgenic Fish

Conclusion

Human Molecular Genetics

Genetic Linkage and Gene Mapping

Detection and Assessment of Human Genetic Linkage

Construction of Human Chromosome Genetic Maps

Mapping a genetic disease locus to a specific chromosomal region

Construction of Multilocus Human Chromosome Maps

Physical Mapping of the Human Genome

Cloning Human Disease Genes

The Human Genome Project

Conclusion

Gene Therapy

Ex Vivo Gene Therapy

In Vivo Gene Therapy

Viral Gene Delivery Systems

Non-viral Gene Delivery Systems

Activation of a Drug Precursor (Prodrug)

Oligonucleotide-Based Therapeutics

Correction of Genetic Defects Using Oligonucleotides

Conclusion

Regulation of Research in Molecular Biotechnology and Patenting of Biotechnological Inventions

Control and Regulation of Biotechnological Applications

Regulation of Research in Molecular Biotechnology and the Patenting of Biotechnological Inventions

Regulation of Biotechnological Applications

Oversight of Recombinant DNA Experiments

Regulation of research in molecular biotechnology and patenting of biotechnological inventions

Control of the application of biotechnological methods

Supervision of the production and consumption of food products and food additives

Regulation of Molecular Biotechnology Research and Patenting of Biotechnological Inventions

Regulation of the Application of Biotechnological Methods

Controlled Release of Genetically Modified Organisms into the Environment

Control of the Application of Biotechnological Methods

Human Gene Therapy

Regulation of the Application of Biotechnological Methods

Conclusion

Research Regulation in Molecular Biotechnology and the Patenting of Biotechnological Inventions

Patenting Biotechnological Inventions

Regulation of Molecular Biotechnology Research and Patenting of Biotechnological Inventions

Patenting of Biotechnological Inventions

General Issues in the Patenting of Inventions

Research Control in Molecular Biotechnology and the Patenting of Biotechnological Inventions

Patenting Biotechnological Inventions

Patenting Inventions in Different Countries

Regulation of Research in Molecular Biotechnology and the Patenting of Biotechnological Inventions

Patenting of Biotechnological Inventions

Patenting of DNA Sequences

Control of Research in Molecular Biotechnology and Patenting of Biotechnological Inventions

Patenting of Multicellular Organisms

Research Control in Molecular Biotechnology and the Patenting of Biotechnological Inventions

Patenting Biotechnological Inventions

Patenting and Fundamental Research

Regulation of Research in Molecular Biotechnology and the Patenting of Biotechnological Inventions

Patenting of Biotechnological Inventions

Conclusion

Glossary of Terms