Molecular Biotechnology. Principles and Applications - Glick B., Pasternak J. 2002

Molecular Biotechnology of Microbiological Systems
Plant Genetic Engineering: Applications
Conclusion

By introducing foreign genes into the plant genome and ensuring their expression, new plant varieties can be developed relatively quickly. Transgenic Plants resistant to adverse environmental conditions, insect pests, Viruses, herbicides, and oxidative and salt stress have already been successfully generated. Cultivars with unusual flower colors, plants with higher nutritional value, and crops with modified fruit flavor have been bred. Some plants have even been successfully modified to act as biological factories for the large-scale synthesis of valuable Proteins, such as Antibodies. Numerous transgenic plants with altered traits and enhanced nutritional value have undergone successful laboratory testing, with several also evaluated under field conditions. To date, only a small number of genetically modified plants have reached the market, but it is safe to say they will secure a well-deserved place in the future.

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Review Questions

1. Suppose that plants are infected with a non-enveloped virus possessing a single-stranded RNA genome (8,000 NUCLEOTIDES). The virus and its RNA can be easily isolated. In addition, you have antibodies against all four viral proteins. What strategy would you choose to protect the plants against viral infection?

2. Propose several strategies for developing insect-resistant plants.

3. How can antisense RNA be used to confer Plant resistance to specific viruses?

4. In what ways do proteinase inhibitors, an amylase inhibitor, and cholesterol oxidase protect plants from insect pests?

5. Propose a strategy for protecting plants against damage by multiple different viruses.

6. Describe the main approaches for generating herbicide-resistant plants.

7. How should a plant be modified to provide protection against pathogenic soil Fungi?

8. How can genetic engineering be used to produce plants resistant to pathogenic bacteria?

9. What approach would you apply to develop a plant tolerant to high salt concentrations?

10. Suppose you need to delay the ripening of avocado fruit during transport. What method would you choose?

11. How can Genetic engineering Methods be used to obtain plants with unusual flower coloration?

12. How can genetic engineering be used to increase the lysine content in soybean?

13. What is cosuppression? Antisense suppression? Compare them.

14. How can the purification Procedure for soluble proteins, such as antibody fragments synthesized by plants, be simplified?