PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY

Lecture Notes

1. SUBJECT AND OBJECTIVES OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY. KEY TRENDS IN MODERN PHYTOPHYSIOLOGY

A History of Plant Physiology

A Brief Historical Outline of Plant Physiology Development in Ukraine

2. STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF THE PLANT CELL

Biological Membranes

Subcellular Structures of Plant Cells

Organs, Tissues, and Functional Systems of Higher Plants

3. REGULATORY AND INTEGRATIVE SYSTEMS IN PLANTS

Intracellular Regulatory Systems

Intercellular Regulatory Systems

Integration of Regulatory Mechanisms at the Organismal Level

4. WATER RELATIONS

The Importance of Water for Plants

Structure and Properties of Water

Water Relations of Plant Cells

Mechanisms of Water Transport in Plants

Water Relations in Different Ecological Groups of Plants

Physiological Foundations of Irrigated Agriculture

5. PHOTOSYNTHESIS

The Two Phases of Photosynthesis

Plastid Pigments

Light-Dependent Reactions of Photosynthesis

Carbon Metabolism (The Dark Reactions of Photosynthesis)

Endogenous mechanisms of photosynthesis regulation

Ecology of photosynthesis

The cosmic role of plants

6. PLANT RESPIRATION

Major pathways of respiratory substrate oxidation

Respiratory electron transport chain (ETC)

Regulation of respiratory processes

7. MINERAL NUTRITION OF PLANTS

Development of the theory of plant root nutrition

The role of mineral nutrients

The significance of the root system in mineral nutrition

Nitrogen nutrition

Fertilizers

8. LONG-DISTANCE TRANSPORT OF SUBSTANCES IN PLANTS

Xylem transport

Phloem transport

9. HETEROTROPHIC NUTRITION IN PLANTS

Saprophytes (Saprotrophs)

Parasites

Nutrition of carnivorous plants

Heterotrophic nutrition via endogenous organic substances

10. BIOGENESIS OF CELLULAR STRUCTURES AND PLANT CELL ONTOGENY

Self-assembly and biogenesis

Phases of plant cell ontogeny

11. PLANT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

Stages of Ontogenesis in Higher Plants

Plant Differentiation and Growth

Plant Regeneration

Mechanisms of Morphogenesis

Environmental Effects on Cell Growth

Application of Synthetic Growth Regulators in Crop Production

12. PHYSIOLOGY OF PLANT REPRODUCTION

Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Vegetative Reproduction