Anatomy of the Vessels and Nerves of the Head and Neck (Angioneurology) - Chornokulskyi S.T. 2009

Preface

Synthetic-analytical sections of human anatomy, such as angioneurology of the HEAD and Neck, are characterized by increased complexity and require enhanced educational and methodological work. The objective reasons for the difficulty in mastering this material include not only the lack of methodologically sound study literature in Ukrainian. In this case, future physicians are tested on their ability to synthesize and analyze the knowledge accumulated at the department throughout the academic year (Osteology, arthrosyndesmology, Myology, Splanchnology, Central Nervous System, and Sensory Organs). These studied sections are fundamental; reviewing them is essential for understanding and mastering angioneurology.

A significant drawback in studying the Blood Vessels and NERVES OF THE Head and Neck is also the technical inability to dissect and demonstrate the branching and topography of certain Blood and Lymphatic vessels, their anastomoses, analyzer pathways, and the fiber composition of Cranial Nerves (somatosensory, somatomotor, sympathetic, parasympathetic, as well as the roots and branches of autonomic ganglia).

Furthermore, the Parasympathetic division of the Autonomic Nervous System of the head and neck is currently insufficiently covered in terms of content.

Popular and most adequate atlases of diagrams on the vascular and peripheral nervous systems by I.Ye. Kefeli (1964) and S.Ye. Stebelsky, V.D. Makovetsky, and T.P. Stefanovska (1984) are now bibliographic rarities.

The purpose of this educational and methodical guide proposed by the author is to create a generalized (synthetic-analytical) understanding of the vascularization and Innervation of the head and neck based on original diagrams, specimens, and a concise, methodologically adapted text.

The guide utilizes and systematizes selected illustrative Materials from prominent morphologists (M.A. Tykhomyrov, 1899; N.V. Kryzova, 1986; W. Kahle et al., 1978; E. Gardner, 1979). The diagrams of cranial nerves by S.Ye. Stebelsky et al. (1984) are presented in the author's modification.

In total, the guide contains about 80 illustrations (figures). The author hopes that using them alongside the study and dissection of cadaveric material will optimize students' mastery of the Anatomy of the head and neck Vessels and nerves, and ensure the academic credit system mandated by the Bologna Declaration, analogous to ECTS (European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System).

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Regions of the head and neck:

1 - frontal region (regio frontalis);

2 - parietal region (regio parietalis);

3 - temporal region (regio temporalis);

4 - infratemporal region (regio infratemporalis);

5 - occipital region (regio occipitalis);

6 - nasal region (regio nasalis);

7 - oral region (regio oralis);

8 - mental region (regio mentalis);

9 - orbital region (regio orbitalis);

10 - infraorbital region (regio infraorbitalis);

11 - buccal region (regio buccalis);

12 - zygomatic region (regio zygomatica);

13 - parotid-masseteric region (regio parotideomasseterica);

14 - posterior cervical region (regio colli posterior);

15 - sternocleidomastoid region (regio sternocleidomastoidea);

16 - infrahyoid region (regio infrahyoidea);

17 - suprasternal region (jugular notch) regio suprastemalis (fossa jugularis);

18 - suprahyoid region (regio suprahyoidea);

19 - submandibular region (triangle) regio (trigonum) submandibulare;

20 - retromandibular region (fossa) regio (fossa) retromandibularis;

21 - carotid triangle (trigonum caroticum);

22 - lateral cervical region (regio cervicalis lateralis) seu trigonum omotrapezoideum;

23 - greater supraclavicular fossa (fossa supraclavicularis major) seu trigonum omoclaviculare;

24 - lesser supraclavicular fossa (fossa supraclavicularis minor)