Metabolism and Energy Transformation in Body Cells - Renata Armenakovna Petrosova 2004

Energy Metabolism
Review Questions and Self-Assessment Tasks

1. ATP is a constant source of energy for The Cell. Its role can be compared to that of a rechargeable battery. Explain The basis of this analogy.

2. What do the breakdown reactions of Proteins, fats, and CARBOHYDRATES in the Human digestive tract have in common? What are these reactions called? In which cell Organelles can similar breakdown processes take place?

3. How does the body utilize The energy released during the preparatory stage of METABOLISM?

4. How are the breakdown products of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates delivered to Tissues and Cells? Explain The Mechanism of their Transport Across the cell membrane.

5. Compare and evaluate the energy efficiency of the Two Types of glucose Fermentation. Draw a Conclusion regarding the efficiency of the anaerobic metabolic pathway.

6. Describe The sequence of transformations of pyruvic acid during Biological Oxidation. As a result of which reactions is carbon dioxide produced? In which cell organelles do these processes take place?

7. Where and How is the oxygen entering the body via Respiration utilized? Where do Water molecules form?

8. How is the energy released during the aerobic stage reactions converted? Compare the number of ATP molecules generated through cyclic reactions versus the Respiratory Chain. Explain this finding.

9. How is electron energy utilized during Oxidative Phosphorylation? Why is this process called oxidative phosphorylation? Name the mitochondrial structures where cyclic reactions and oxidative phosphorylation take place. Which of these reactions will proceed at a higher rate? Explain your answer.

10. ATP is synthesized in Mitochondria and Chloroplasts. Explain the Similarities and differences between the processes leading to the synthesis of these molecules within these organelles.