Influenza: Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention - V.D. Moskaliuk 2010

Characteristics of patients with influenza A, influenza B, adenoviral and respiratory syncytial infections, and ARVI of unknown etiology
Dynamics of clinical signs under the influence of aerosol interferon therapy

Recent studies have established that the antiviral effect of IFs is not related to their direct action on Viruses, but rather to changes in metabolic processes within virus-infected Cells. The binding of IF molecules to Cell surface receptors triggers derepression and the Activation of a group of genes localized on human chromosome 21. This process is accompanied by The formation of 12 new intracellular Proteins that are absent in cells not exposed to IFs. As a result, there is an increased synthesis of new Enzymes—2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase and latent endonuclease—whose activation leads to the inhibition of viral Protein Synthesis AND the degradation of newly formed viral RNAs. Consequently, new Viral Particles are either not formed at all or their number is reduced by dozens or even hundreds of times [V.F. Popov, 2002; V.V. Berezhnoi et al., 2003].

The efficacy of aerosol Interferon Therapy was assessed by analyzing the clinical course of the disease. It was found that even after a single inhalation session, most patients experienced an improvement in their subjective condition. The efficacy of aerosol interferon therapy in patients with Influenza A treated with L-200 thousand IU manifested in the alleviation of headache, nasal congestion, sweating, and oropharyngeal mucosal hyperemia (P<0.05-0.001) (Table 4).

Notes. P represents the statistical significance of differences between groups receiving standard therapy and those whose complex therapy included aerosol interferon therapy; P1 represents The Significance of differences between indicators of patients receiving L-200 thousand IU and those administered L-500 thousand IU and L-1 million IU; P2 represents the significance of differences between indicators of patients receiving L-500 thousand IU and L-1 million IU.

The best therapeutic effect was observed in patient subgroups receiving laferon at doses of 500 thousand and 1 million IU, with the aforementioned symptoms disappearing faster than in the comparison subgroup (P<0.05-0.001).

The average rate of disappearance of influenza A symptoms within 1-3 days of Treatment with L-200 thousand IU was (54.8±9.3)%, against (75.2±7.1)% for L-500 thousand IU therapy, and (82.4±7.2)% for L-1 million IU therapy. The difference in this indicator between the groups of patients receiving L-200 thousand IU and L-1 million IU was statistically significant (P<0.05).

In patients with influenza B, the dynamics of clinical symptoms did not differ significantly from those with influenza A. In patients with adenoviral infection (AI) treated with L-200 thousand IU During the first three days of therapy, symptoms such as fever, general fatigue, scratchy throat, nasal congestion, rhinitis, sweating, and cough disappeared more frequently compared to conventional therapy (CT) (P<0.05-0.001).

As the laferon dose was increased to 500 thousand and 1 million IU, the elimination rate of other symptoms also increased. At the same time, no significant difference was observed in the disappearance rate of regional lymphadenitis and Conjunctivitis symptoms during the specified observation period. The average symptom resolution rate after 1-3 days of treatment with L-200 thousand IU in AI patients was (54.7±6.9)%, with L-500 thousand IU inhalations it was (66.8±6.6)%, and under METABOLISM/18.html">The Influence of L-1 million IU it reached (72.4±5.8)%. Similar to influenza A patients, the difference in this indicator among AI patients receiving L-200 thousand IU and L-1 million IU was statistically significant (P<0.05).

Evaluating The impact of aerosol interferon therapy on the clinical course of respiratory syncytial (RS) infection demonstrated that 1-3 days of treatment with L-200 thousand IU increased the proportion of patients whose studied symptoms resolved compared to those receiving conventional therapy.

An even better clinical effect was observed when laferon was administered at doses of 500 thousand IU and 1 million IU. Furthermore, the proportion of patients whose symptoms—such as fever, nasal congestion, sweating, and cough—disappeared within 1-3 days was significantly higher with L-1 million IU compared to those receiving laferon inhalations at a dose of 200 thousand IU (P<0.05-0.01). The average symptom resolution rate after 1-3 days of treatment averaged (41.6±8.2)% for L-200 thousand IU, (73.0±7.8)% for L-500 thousand IU, and (84.9±6.5)% for L-1 million IU.

Just as in patients with influenza A, B, and AI, patients with RS infection showed a statistically significant difference in this indicator between the groups receiving L-200 thousand IU and L-1 million IU (P<0.01), whereas the difference between those receiving L-500 thousand IU and L-1 million IU was statistically non-significant.

An Analysis of the efficacy of aerosol interferon therapy in acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) of unknown Etiology showed that 1-3 days after administering L-200 thousand IU, the proportion of patients showing resolution of virtually all studied symptoms increased, with the exception of oropharyngeal mucosal hyperemia and conjunctivitis.

Prescribing laferon at doses of 500 thousand IU and 1 million IU led to an even greater clinical effect. The proportion of patients whose clinical symptoms resolved within 1-3 days was significantly higher in the 1 million IU laferon group than in those administered L-200 thousand IU (P<0.05-0.01). The average symptom resolution rate within 1-3 days of treatment was (45.0±8.2)% for L-200 thousand IU, (76.3±7.7)% for L-500 thousand IU, and (85.8±7.5)% for L-1 million IU. Similarly to patients with influenza A, B, AI, and RS infection, the difference in this indicator between the groups receiving L-200 thousand IU and L-1 million IU was statistically significant (P<0.01), while between patients administered L-500 thousand IU and L-1 million IU, it was statistically non-significant.

Thus, the administration of aerosolized laferon even at a dose of 200 thousand IU was accompanied by a faster regression of A number of ARVI symptoms. A more pronounced therapeutic effect was observed following the administration of laferon at doses of 500 thousand and 1 million IU (P<0.001).