BOTANY WITH BASICS OF HYDROBOTANY (AQUATIC PLANTS OF UKRAINE) - B.Ye. Yakubenko - 2011

V. CYTOLOGY. CONCEPT OF THE CELL

Mechanisms of New Cell Formation

Mitosis

The indirect division of The Nucleus and The Cell, resulting in The formation of two daughter Cells from a single parent cell with the exact same chromosome number and Structure as the parent cell, is called mitosis.

The period of complete cell Replication from one division to the next is known as the mitotic cycle. It comprises interphase and mitosis proper.

Interphase (interkinesis) begins in a nucleus containing single-chromatid Chromosomes. During interphase, DNA duplication (replication) takes place, transforming single-chromatid chromosomes into two-chromatid chromosomes whose chromatids are joined by a centromere. The duration of interphase is 10-20 h.

Mitosis proper is divided into four phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During division, the nuclear envelope breaks down, the nucleolus disappears, the mitotic spindle forms, two-chromatid chromosomes separate into single-chromatid ones that migrate to opposite nuclei (karyokinesis), and the nuclei, Plastids, Mitochondria, dictyosomes, etc., are distributed into separate cells (cytokinesis). Mitosis proper takes 1-2 h.

Mitosis ensures the redistribution of identical Genetic information encoded in the nuclear Nucleic Acids.

Unicellular plants reproduce via mitotic division. In multicellular plants, mitosis provides the capacity for indeterminate growth of their vegetative body, as well as Organogenesis and growth. Gametes in higher plants are formed As a result of mitotic division.



Last update: 07/08/2026

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