BIOCHEMISTRY - Main Regulators and Biological Fluids of the Human Body - 2016

2. HORMONES

2.13. Questions for Practical Class Preparation

1. Choose the correct answer option.

What is the Chemical Nature of Hormones?

1) Hormones are proteinaceous substances.

2) Hormones are Amino Acid Derivatives.

3) Hormones are polysaccharide derivatives.

4) Hormones are substances of diverse chemical structures.

2. Choose the correct answer option.

Which hormone is produced by the Parathyroid glands?

1) Testosterone.

2) Thyroxine.

3) Adrenaline.

4) Insulin.

3. Choose the correct answer option.

Which hormone is synthesized in The adrenal medulla?

1) Testosterone.

2) Thyroxine.

3) Adrenaline.

4) Insulin.

4. Choose the correct answer option.

Which hormone belongs to mineralocorticoids?

1) Insulin.

2) Folliculin.

3) Adrenaline.

4) Aldosterone.

5. Choose one correct completion for each unfinished phrase.

The hormone synthesized in the islet tissue of the Pancreas is called...

1) testosterone;

2) thyroxine;

3) adrenaline;

4) insulin.

Steroid Hormones are derivatives of...

1) polyhydric alcohols;

2) polycyclic alcohols;

3) CARBOHYDRATES;

4) Proteins.

The dihydroxyphenyl radical, which serves as the source for the color reaction with FeCl₃, is a component of...

1) thyroxine;

2) adrenaline;

3) insulin;

4) thyrotropin.

The hormone adrenaline stimulates The activity of the enzyme...

1) phosphatase;

2) amylase;

3) nuclease;

4) adenylate cyclase.

Diabetes Mellitus, characterized by elevated Blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia), develops due to an insufficient level of Biosynthesis in the body of the hormone...

1) Glucagon;

2) thyroxine;

3) insulin;

4) oxytocin.

The blood levels of calcium cations and phosphate and citrate anions are regulated by...

1) Growth Hormone;

2) parathyroid hormone;

3) epinephrine;

4) aldosterone.

6. Choose the correct statement from the options below.

1) Epinephrine, corticosterone, aldosterone, and thyroxine belong to the group of Adrenal hormones.

2) Oxytocin, vasopressin, somatotropin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, thyrotropin, and gonadotropins constitute the group of Pituitary Hormones.

3) Insulin, glucagon, and parathyroid hormone belong to the group of Pancreatic Hormones.

4) Testosterone, estradiol, and aldosterone belong to the group of Sex Hormones.

7. Choose the correct statement from the options below.

1) Insufficient secretion of corticosterone into the blood causes general Metabolic Disorders, leading to elevated blood pressure.

2) Aldosterone deficiency leads to Addison's disease (bronze diabetes) and a drastic disruption of Mineral METABOLISM.

3) Testosterone deficiency in adult specimens enhances Protein Biosynthesis.

4) Estradiol is produced in the Testes, and its excess in the body promotes The Development of obesity.

8. Solve the following problems

Problem 1. The Adrenal Glands produce 0.35 mg of aldosterone per day, which accounts for 1.5% of the total corticosteroids. Calculate the amounts of corticosterone and 17-hydroxycorticosterone, given that their combined content makes up 75% of the total corticosteroids.

Problem 2. Calculate the mass fraction of oxygen in the estradiol molecule and in the testosterone molecule. Which of these hormones is a more oxidized compound?

Problem 3. Calculate the mass fraction of iodine in the thyroxine molecule and determine the daily requirement for iodine, given that the daily requirement for thyroxine is 0.33 mg.

Problem 4. The determination of epinephrine is based on its oxidation by iodine to adrenochrome at pH = 4. Adrenochrome is converted into leucooxoadrenochrome (lutin). Ascorbic acid stabilizes the resulting products. Under ultraviolet light, leucooxoadrenochrome fluoresces with a yellow-green light, and the fluorescence intensity is directly proportional to the concentration of leucooxoadrenochrome. The epinephrine content in the daily urine volume is calculated using the formula

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where C is the epinephrine content in the daily urine volume, µg;

E_x is the fluorometer reading for the test sample;

E_c is the fluorometer reading for the standard adrenaline solution;

V is the 24-hour urine volume, mL;

V₁ is the volume of urine taken for analysis;

0.25 is The amount of adrenaline in 1 mL of the standard solution, µg.

Calculate the daily urinary excretion of adrenaline in a patient with severe pain syndrome (lumbosacral radiculitis), given that the 24-hour diuresis is 900 mL, E_x and E_c are 34 and 30, respectively, and 30 mL of urine was used for the assay.