MORPHOLOGICAL AND TINKTORIAL PROPERTIES OF BACTERIA - E. L. Zaitseva - 2015

SELF-STUDY TASKS. TEST QUESTIONS

Select the single best answer.

1. A Blood SMEAR OR IMPRESSION PREPARATION SHOULD BE FIXED USING

1) a chemical fixative

2) Water

3) Antibiotics

4) heat

2. A SMEAR FROM A SOLID SPECIMEN (STOOL) IS FIXED WITH

1) heat

2) 60% ethanol

3) ether

4) water

3. A SMEAR FROM A PURE MICROBIAL CULTURE SHOULD BE FIXED WITH

1) heat

2) 60% ethanol

3) ether

4) acetone

4. THE STAIN USED IN LÖFFLER'S METHOD IS

1) Romanowsky-Giemsa stain

2) methylene blue solution

3) diluted basic fuchsin

4) potassium permanganate

5) iodine

5. SMEARS ARE FIXED IN ORDER TO

1) attachment of the specimen to the Glass slide

2) inactivation of microbes

3) ensuring operational safety

4) enhancing dye uptake by the microbe

5) all of the above

6. QUALITY OF FIXATION OF THE MICROSCOPIC SPECIMEN IF THE STAINED MICROORGANISMS ARE MOVING

1) good

2) poor

3) fair

4) none of the above is correct

7. BACTERIAL Morphology REFERS TO

1) shape of the individuals

2) size of the individuals

3) mutual arrangement of the individuals

4) all of the above

8. MAIN MORPHOLOGICAL GROUPS OF Bacteria

1) spherical, rod-shaped, convoluted, filamentous

2) spirilla, vibrios, monococci

3) streptococci, diplobacilli, spirilla

4) Fungi, cocci, Protozoa

9. IN TERMS OF THEIR BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES, BACTERIA BELONG TO

1) eukaryotes

2) prokaryotes

3) fungi

4) protozoa

10. PROKARYOTES ARE MICROORGANISMS THAT HAVE

1) a Nucleus

2) a nucleoid

3) a Cell wall

4) a cytoplasmic membrane

11. A STRUCTURAL ELEMENT THAT BELONGS TO INCONSTANT (NON-ESSENTIAL) COMPONENTS OF BACTERIA

1) a spore

2) a nucleoid

3) Cytoplasm

4) flagella

5) a cell wall

6) a cytoplasmic membrane

12. AN ELEMENT THAT BELONGS EXCLUSIVELY TO CONSTANT (ESSENTIAL) Structural components of BACTERIA

1) a spore

2) a capsule

3) a nucleoid

4) volutin granules

13. Methods for determining THE SIZE OF MICROORGANISMS

1) centrifugation at a known speed

2) Electron Microscopy

3) measurement using ocular and stage micrometers

4) filtration through filters with a known pore diameter

5) all of the above methods

14. A DIRECT METHOD FOR DETERMINING BACTERIAL MOTILITY IS USED

1) to visualize flagella using Morozov's or Loeffler's staining methods

2) for the nutrient Agar plating method

3) for the agglutination reaction

4) for microscopy of a native preparation using the "hanging drop" or "pressed drop" method

15. THE INDIRECT METHOD FOR DETERMINING BACTERIAL MOTILITY IS INTENDED

1) for the detection of flagella by Morozov's or Loeffler's method

2) for Gram staining

3) for microscopy of a native preparation using the "hanging drop" or "pressed drop" method

4) for the immunofluorescence assay

16. THE COLOR THAT GRAM-NEGATIVE MICROORGANISMS STAIN WITH THE GRAM METHOD

1) red

2) blue

3) yellow

4) orange

17. THE COLOR THAT ACID-FAST MICROORGANISMS STAIN WITH THE ZIEHL-NEELSEN METHOD

1) red

2) blue

3) yellow

4) green

18. THE COLOR THAT VOLUTIN GRANULES STAIN WITH NEISSER'S METHOD

1) red

2) blue

3) yellow

4) brown

19. THE DIFFERENTIAL COMPONENT IN THE GRAM STAINING METHOD

1) gentian violet

2) fuchsin

3) Lugol's iodine

4) water

5) alcohol

20. GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA STAINED BLUE IN THE GRAM STAIN. POSSIBLE CAUSE OF ERROR

1) smear was not treated with Lugol's iodine

2) smear was over-decolorized with alcohol

3) smear was under-decolorized with alcohol

4) smear was under-stained with fuchsin

21. DIFFERENTIATING AGENT IN THE ZIEHL-NEELSEN STAIN

1) acid

2) physiological saline

3) alcohol

4) distilled water

22. ACID-FAST BACTERIA ARE DETECTED USING

1) Burri's method

2) Gram stain

3) Ziehl-Neelsen stain

4) Neisser's stain

5) 오жешко method

23. SPORES IN SPORE-FORMING BACTERIA ARE DETECTED USING

1) Burri's method

2) Gram stain

3) Ziehl-Neelsen stain

4) Neisser's stain

5) Moeller method

24. BURRY METHOD IS USED TO DETECT BACTERIAL CAPSULES

1) Burry method

2) Gram stain

3) Ziehl-Neelsen stain

4) Neisser stain

5) Moeller method

25. METHOD FOR DETECTING THE BACTERIAL NUCLEOID

1) Gram stain

2) Peshkov method

3) Romanowsky-Giemsa stain

4) Zdrodovsky method

26. BACTERIAL ENVELOPES ARE DETECTED BY

1) Gram

2) Peshkov

3) Romanowsky-Giemsa

4) Burry-Hins

27. METHOD FOR DETECTING BACTERIAL CELL WALLS

1) Gram stain

2) Peshkov method

3) Romanowsky-Giemsa stain

4) Moeller method

28. METHOD FOR DETECTING VOLUTIN GRANULES IN BACTERIA

1) Gram stain

2) Neisser stain

3) Moller method

4) Ziehl-Neelsen stain

29. According to the MOLLER METHOD, BACTERIAL SPORES ARE STAINED

1) blue

2) red

3) yellow

4) black

30. SPIROCHAETE PATHOGENS ARE DETECTED IN PREPARATIONS

1) by the Moller method

2) by Gram stain

3) by dark-field microscopy

4) by Romanowsky-Giemsa stain

31. RICKETTSIAE ARE STAINED

1) by Zdrodovsky method

2) by Neisser method

3) by Moller method

4) by Gram stain

32. RICKETTSIAE STAINED BY THE ZDRODOVSKY METHOD APPEAR

1) red

2) yellow

3) green

4) blue

33. IN THEIR BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES, PROTOZOA BELONG TO

1) eukaryotes

2) prokaryotes

3) to PROKARYOTES AND EUKARYOTES

4) to none of the listed groups

34. ACCORDING TO THEIR BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES, FUNGI BELONG

1) to eukaryotes

2) to prokaryotes

3) to protozoa

4) to none of the listed groups

35. ACCORDING TO THEIR BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES, SPIROCHETES BELONG

1) to eukaryotes

2) to prokaryotes

3) to none of the listed groups

4) to protozoa

36. PROTOZOAN TROPHOZOITES ARE STAINED

1) with Lugol's solution

2) with Romanowsky-Giemsa stain

3) with Gram stain

4) by Ozheshko method

37. PROTOZOAN CYSTS ARE STAINED

1) with Lugol's solution

2) with Romanowsky-Giemsa stain

3) with fuchsin

4) with India ink

38. FUNGI CHARACTERIZED BY MYCELIUM (PSEUDOMYCELIUM) AND HYPHAE ARE

1) Yeasts and Yeast-like fungi

2) actinomycetes

3) filamentous

4) all of the above

39. MICROORGANISMS CHARACTERIZED BY BUDDING AND VOLUTIN GRANULES

1) yeasts and yeast-like fungi

2) actinomycetes

3) filamentous

4) actinomycetes

Class="center">ANSWER KEYS FOR Test Questions

CASE STUDIES

Case 1. During a routine medical check-up, a vaginal smear slide was prepared and stained with methylene blue. Microscopic examination revealed clusters of extracellular cocci in the visual field. What will help differentiate gonococcal infection from staphylococcal infection?

Answer: Gonococci typically occur in pairs (diplococci). If differentiation is difficult, the smear should be stained using the Gram method. Staphylococci are Gram-positive microorganisms, whereas gonococci are Gram-negative. Consequently, in the first case, the cocci will appear blue, and In the second, red.

Case 2. A slide prepared from urinary sediment was stained using the Ziehl-Neelsen method. Microscopic examination revealed acid-fast microorganisms. How can M. tuberculosis be differentiated from M. smegmatis?

Answer: Stain the preparation using Hueter's method or the Bunge-Trautenroth method. M. tuberculosis appears red, while M. smegmatis appears blue.

Case 3. During a practical class, a student took a throat swab from a classmate, prepared a smear, and stained it with Neisser's stain. Microscopy revealed microorganisms of the genus Corynebacterium. How can diphtheroids be morphologically and structurally differentiated from the diphtheria causative agent?

Answer: Differentiation is based on spatial arrangement and volutin granules. In diphtheroids, volutin granules are either absent or not arranged in a bipolar fashion—instead, they are distributed throughout the entire bacterial cell or located at one end.

Case 4. A patient developed a fistula following hip surgery. Microscopic examination of the discharge (using a simple methylene blue staining method) revealed bacilli. What staining method should be recommended to simplify further bacteriological investigation?

Answer: Gram staining for the differentiation of Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms.

Case 5. During a routine screening of maternity hospital medical staff for coccal flora carriage, a throat swab was taken and Gram-stained. Microscopy revealed Gram-positive cocci forming short and long chains. What should be the attending bacteriologist's next course of action?

Answer: ISOLATION OF A pure culture followed by species identification according to the streptococcal isolation protocol.