ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY - M. I. Cherniavska - 2016

MONITORING OF INDEPENDENT STUDENT WORK

1. Which branch of environmental microbiology studies the Influence of External abiotic factors on microorganisms:

a) demecology;

b) comecology;

c) autecology;

d) synecology?

2. Who is considered the founder of environmental microbiology:

a) A. van Leeuwenhoek;

b) L. Pasteur;

c) S. N. Winogradsky;

d) D. K. Zabolotny;

e) D. I. Ivanovsky;

f) V. L. Omeliansky?

3. Metabiosis is a type of relationship between microorganisms in which:

a) two or more species of microorganisms create mutually beneficial conditions for each other's growth;

b) only one partner benefits;

c) one group of organisms uses another group as food?

4. What is used to obtain enrichment cultures of photoautotrophic, chemolithotrophic, and chemoheterotrophic microorganisms:

a) Vinogradov columns;

b) Winogradsky columns;

c) bathometer;

d) Goryaev chamber?

5. What are organisms called that are capable of existing within relatively narrow ranges of environmental factor fluctuations:

a) amphibionts;

b) eurybionts;

c) stenobionts;

d) hydrobionts;

e) eurytrophs?

6. What is the term for the range of an abiotic factor values that provides optimal conditions for an Organism's vital activity:

a) limiting zone;

b) tolerance range;

c) optimum zone;

d) inhibition zone?

7. What is the term for a group of microorganisms capable of growing at temperatures from 0 to 35 °C, with an optimum growth Temperature shifted toward the maximum:

a) psychrophiles;

b) psychrotrophs;

c) mesophiles;

d) thermotolerant microorganisms?

8. Which temperature-related physiological group do Escherichia coli Bacteria belong to:

a) psychrophiles;

b) psychrotrophs;

c) mesophiles;

d) thermotolerant microorganisms?

9. Which temperature-related physiological group do bacteria of the genera Thermus, Thermomicrobium, and Thermoplasma belong to:

a) psychrophiles;

b) psychrotrophs;

c) mesophiles;

d) thermophiles?

10. What is the cause of the lethal effect of high temperatures on microorganisms:

a) Denaturation of cellular Proteins;

b) occurrence of DNA Mutations;

c) alteration of Cell membrane permeability;

d) disruption of peptidoglycan synthesis;

e) increase in cytoplasmic viscosity?

11. Which parameter limits the lower growth limit of microorganisms:

a) membrane "solidification" temperature;

b) protein inactivation temperature;

c) METABOLISM/35.html">Protein Biosynthesis inhibition temperature;

d) temperature of Cell wall permeability disruption?

12. What are microorganisms called whose growth optimum lies in the low-temperature range:

a) mesophiles;

b) thermophiles;

c) xerophiles;

d) psychrophiles;

e) xylophiles;

f) halophiles?

13. Which quantitative parameter is used to assess the lethal Effect of temperature on microbial Cells:

a) thermal death point;

b) lethal temperature;

c) growth inhibition temperature point;

d) thermotolerance point?

14. Which microorganisms require elevated hydrostatic pressure for growth:

a) barosensitive;

b) barotolerant;

c) barophilic?

15. Which types of electromagnetic radiation exert a physiological effect on microbial cells:

a) ionizing radiation (up to 10 nm);

б) ultraviolet radiation (10 — 350 nm);

c) ultraviolet radiation (350 — 400 nm);

d) visible light (400 — 800 nm);

e) infrared radiation (800 — 1100 nm)?

16. Which Biopolymers have maximum UV absorption around 260 nm:

a) DNA;

б) murein;

c) lipopolysaccharides;

d) proteins?

17. What types of DNA damage are most frequently caused by UV radiation:

a) formation of purine dimers;

б) formation of pyrimidine dimers;

c) formation of cyclobutane bridges between a purine and a pyrimidine on the same strand?

18. What mechanisms exist to repair DNA Damage caused by UV rays in microbial cells:

a) photoreactivation;

б) light repair;

c) photooxidation;

d) dark repair;

e) post-Replication repair?

19. Which bacterial shapes are more sensitive to ultrasound:

a) cocci;

б) bacilli;

c) convoluted forms?

20. What are the cellular structures that enable microorganisms to orient themselves in a magnetic field called:

a) mesosomes;

b) Ribosomes;

c) magnetosomes;

d) magnetophores?

21. What is the term for a medium in which the salt concentration is higher than inside The Cell:

a) isotonic;

b) hypertonic;

c) hypotonic?

22. What process occurs when a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution:

a) plasmolysis;

b) metastasis;

c) cytolysis;

d) Hydrolysis?

23. Within what range of salt concentrations do moderate halophiles grow:

a) 5-15 %;

b) 10-12 %;

c) 5-10 %;

d) 3-5 %;

e) 5-7 %?

24. What are the low-molecular-weight Organic compounds that are neutral to cell metabolites and balance the external osmotic pressure called:

a) xeroprotectants;

b) osmoprotectants;

c) baroprotectants;

d) cryoprotectants?

25. Haloalkaliphiles are a physiological group of microorganisms capable of growing:

a) at high NaCl concentrations;

b) at low NaCl concentrations;

c) at high NaHCO₃ concentrations;

d) at low NaHCO₃ concentrations?

26. Which physiological group regarding environmental pH do Escherichia coli bacteria belong to:

a) halophiles;

b) alkaliphiles;

c) acidophiles;

d) neutrophiles?

27. What are microorganisms called whose optimum environmental pH is shifted toward the alkaline range (pH 8.5 — 11.5):

a) acidophiles;

b) neutrophiles;

c) alkaliphiles;

d) alkaliphiles;

e) xerophiles?

28. What are the requirements of microaerophiles regarding molecular oxygen content in the medium:

a) require molecular oxygen, but at concentrations below atmospheric levels;

b) require molecular oxygen, but at concentrations above atmospheric levels;

c) do not require molecular oxygen;

d) molecular oxygen inhibits their growth?

29. What causes the Toxic Effect of molecular oxygen on microbial cells:

a) Enzyme inactivation;

b) impaired Protein Synthesis;

c) The formation of highly reactive oxygen species;

d) Changes in the permeability of the cytoplasmic membrane;

e) DNA damage?

30. What is the term for the microbiota characteristic of a given habitat:

a) allochthonous;

b) autochthonous;

c) saprotrophic;

d) autotrophic?

31. Which device is used to collect Water samples from various depths:

a) barometer;

b) water sampler (bathometer);

c) statometer;

d) Goryaev chamber?

32. Which groups of bacteria are classified as sanitary indicator microorganisms:

a) actinomycetes;

b) coliform bacteria;

c) enterococci;

d) staphylococci?

33. Which of the listed pathogenic microorganisms permanently inhabit the soil:

a) Clostridium botulinum;

b) Salmonella typhi;

c) Bacillus anthracis;

d) Staphylococcus aureus?

34. What sanitary indicator is referred to as the coli index:

a) the minimum volume of water (mL) in which coliform bacteria are detected;

b) the number of coliform bacteria contained in 1 liter of the tested water;

c) the number of coliform bacteria contained in 100 ml of the tested water?

35. What is the term for the branch of Applied Biotechnology that examines the theoretical and practical aspects of using living organisms for environmental conservation purposes:

a) ecobiotechnology;

b) agrobiotechnology;

c) agrobiocenology;

d) bioremediation;

e) microbiocenology?

36. Which Enzymes are involved in the degradation of petroleum within the cells of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria:

a) oxygenases;

b) oxidases;

c) Hydrolases;

d) lyases;

e) ligases?

37. Which microorganisms produce cell-bound Surfactants:

a) bacteria of the genera Pseudomonas and Bacillus;

b) bacteria of the genera Rhodococcus and Nocardia;

c) bacteria of the genera Rhodococcus and Pseudomonas;

d) bacteria of the genera Bacillus and Arthrobacter?

38. What is the term for an open wastewater Treatment Structure through which aerated wastewater and activated sludge suspension are passed:

a) biofilter;

b) aeration tank; 

c) septic tank;

d) methane tank;

e) trickle-bed bioreactor?

39. Which types of facilities provide anaerobic Digestion of organic waste:

a) aeration tanks;

b) biofilters;

c) septic tanks;

d) methane tanks?

40. The utilization of which Class of Hydrocarbons is mediated by genes located on NAH Plasmids of bacteria of the genus Pseudomоnas:

а) aliphatic;

б) heterocyclic;

в) monocyclic aromatic;

г) polycyclic aromatic?