Orthopedics - Oleksa A.P. 2006

Tumor-like bone lesions and bone tumors

Tumor-like bone lesions include Ollier's disease, Paget's Disease, Fibrous Dysplasia, Bone Cysts, osteochondromas, and bone exostoses. Since these are covered in detail in the respective sections, we will not dwell on them here.

Although tumors have been known to humanity since ancient times, Bone tumors were only classified into a distinct field of onco-Osteology with the advancement of pathological anatomy, Histology, and, most notably, roentgenology.

In 1920, Godman asked physicians across the United States to send him radiographs of tumors. By compiling an extensive radiological collection of bone tumors and forming an initiative group of scientists, he became the first to systematically organize and classify tumors in 1922.

Tumors are neoplasms that originate from the Cells of Structure/83.html">Structural elements of the bone as an organ (periosteum, endosteum, Bone Marrow, Cartilage, Blood Vessels, etc.). For a tumor to be assigned to a specific category, its clinical, radiological, and histological diagnoses must align.

Benign tumors and tumor-like bone conditions are encountered quite frequently in clinical practice, whereas malignant tumors are relatively rare, accounting for only 0.2% of all malignant neoplasms.

Numerous tumor classifications exist, with the majority based on tissue origin and histological structure.

Bone tumors can be primary or secondary, benign or malignant. A separate category comprises borderline bone lesions that have the potential to give rise to secondary malignant tumors and tumor-like conditions (osteochondromas, fibrous dysplasia, Paget's disease, Ollier's disease, eosinophilic granuloma, etc.).

In 1983, several medical centers in the United States proposed a histological Classification of tumors and tumor-like lesions of The Musculoskeletal System, which has since been widely adopted by physicians worldwide (Table 15).

In Ukraine, clinical practice relies on the International Histological Classification of Tumors (IHCT) proposed by the WHO back in the 1950s. In 1994, the World Health Organization published a second, revised and expanded edition of the IHCT, which retained approximately 80% of all tumor forms from the original edition.

The second edition of the IHCT comprises nine main sections:

1) bone-forming tumors;

2) cartilage-forming tumors;

3) giant Cell tumor (osteoclastoma);

4) bone marrow (round cell) tumors;

5) vascular tumors;

6) other Connective Tissue tumors;

7) miscellaneous tumors;

8) unclassified tumors;

9) tumor-like lesions.