Obstetrics and Gynecology - A. M. Gromova 2000

Background and precancerous conditions of the female reproductive organs
Precancerous conditions of the cervix
Dysplasia

Dysplasia is a pathological process characterized by pronounced hyperplasia, proliferation, impaired differentiation, maturation, and shedding of epithelial Cells.

In dysplasia of stratified squamous epithelium, basal-type cells appear at various levels, mitotic activity increases, Cell polarity is disrupted, and the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio shifts in favor of The Nucleus. Depending on the depth of the lesion in the stratified squamous epithelium, mild, moderate, and severe dysplasia are distinguished.

Mild dysplasia is characterized by hyperplasia and atypia of basal-type cells within the lower third of the Stratified Epithelium. At the same time, the cells retain their normal Structure and polarity. Dyskariosis is observed in isolated Cells of the basal and parabasal layers.

In moderate dysplasia, changes are detected in half or the lower two-thirds of the epithelium. Phenomena of dyskariosis are observed in many cells, and proliferating cells are present in all layers of the epithelial sheet. In severe dysplasia, the process involves almost the entire epithelium. It is characterized by pronounced proliferation of basal and parabasal cells, nuclear hyperchromasia, enlarged nuclei, and frequent mitoses. Signs of dyskariosis are found in almost all layers of the epithelial lining.

In dysplasia, Glycogen is not detected in the hyperplastic basal-type cells, and an increased DNA content is noted in the nuclei. The amount of alkaline phosphatase is significantly reduced.



Last update: 08/08/2026

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