Obstetrics and Gynecology - A. M. Gromova 2000
Fertilization and Fetal Development
Development of the Zygote
Signs of Life and Death in a Newborn
The criteria for signs of life and death in a newborn are regulated by Order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine No. 31 dated February 19, 1996. Live birth refers to the complete expulsion or extraction of a product of conception from the mother's body, irrespective of the duration of Pregnancy, where the fetus, after such Separation, breathes or shows any other evidence of life (such as heartbeat, umbilical cord pulsation, or definitive movement of voluntary Muscles), regardless of whether the umbilical cord has been cut or the Placenta has separated. Stillbirth refers to the death of a product of conception prior to its complete expulsion or extraction from the mother's body, regardless of the duration of pregnancy. Fetal death is indicated by the absence of breathing or any other signs of life (heartbeat, umbilical cord pulsation, or voluntary Muscle movement) after such separation.
1. What is Fertilization? Where does it take place?
2. Provide the characteristics of normal semen.
3. What is meant by sperm capacitation?
4. Describe The process of implantation of the fertilized egg.
5. Characterize the placenta at the end of pregnancy.
6. What are the Functions of the placenta?
7. What is the physiological significance of Amniotic Fluid?
8. Outline the Critical Periods of fetal development.
9. At what gestational age is a fetus considered viable?
10. How can Haase's formula be used to determine the length of an intrauterine fetus?
11. Describe the HEAD of a full-term fetus: bones, sutures, fontanelles, and dimensions.
12. Describe the appearance and height-weight indicators of a full-term newborn.
13. Which newborn is considered live-born at birth, and which is considered stillborn?
Last update: 08/08/2026
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