Human Anatomy, Part 1 - K. A. Dyubenko, A. K. Kolomiytsev, Yu. B. Chaykovsky 2002

Special Part
Appendicular skeleton, sceleton appendiculare — Bones of the upper limb, ossa membri superioris

The Appendicular Skeleton consists of the BONES OF THE upper and lower limbs. The Skeleton of the Upper Limb comprises the Pectoral Girdle (or shoulder girdle), cingulum membri superioris [cingulum pectorale] (LNA), and the Free part of the upper limb, pars libera membri superioris. The Skeleton of the Lower Limb is formed by the Pelvic Girdle, cingulum membri inferioris [cingulum pelvicum] (LNA), and the free part of the lower limb, pars libera membri superioris.

Free part of the upper limb, pars libera membri superioris

- clavicle, clavicula;

- scapula, scapula.

Pectoral girdle, cingulum membri superioris

- humerus, os humerus;

- radius, os radius;

- ulna, os ulna;

- bones of the hand, ossa manus.

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Fig. 60. Racial characteristics of Skull shape (after A. P. Bystrov): A — SKULL OF A European; B — skull of an Eskimo; C — skull of a Black individual



Last update: 08/08/2026

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