MEDICAL BIOLOGY, HUMAN ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY - Y.I. Fedoniuk 2010

ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, PATHOLOGY

SECTION 7. THE NUTRITIONAL PROCESS AND ITS PATHOLOGY

PATHOLOGY OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

DISORDERS OF INTESTINAL DIGESTION

The processes occurring in the intestine (secretion, absorption, motility, and excretion) are closely interrelated, and a disruption in one process affects the others. A significant role in these processes belongs to the secretions of the Pancreas, Liver, and Glands of the Small Intestine.

Bile entering the duodenum emulsifies fats, activates pancreatic lipase, facilitates the absorption of Fatty acids and Fat-soluble Vitamins, and inhibits putrefactive microbes. If bile flow into the intestine ceases, acholia develops, lipid Digestion AND ABSORPTION are impaired, intestinal peristalsis slows down, and putrefactive and fermentative processes intensify.

Severe digestive disorders are caused by alterations in pancreatic secretion, since the pancreas produces all the major digestive Enzymes. In the absence of pancreatic juice, a significant portion of fats remains undigested and is excreted in the feces (steatorrhea). Protein Digestion disorders arise due to a deficiency in pancreatic peptidases, as well as

in the event of impaired activation. As a result of decreased pancreatic secretion, the Hydrolysis of Nucleic Acids in the chyme is impaired, while starch digestion is somewhat less affected.

The Excretory Function of the intestines is closely linked to their absorptive function. The intestines excrete numerous metabolic products of Hemoglobin, Cholesterol, metal salts, lactic acid, Hormones, and phenols. In renal failure, nitrogenous waste products (urea, uric acid) are excreted through the intestines.