MEDICAL BIOLOGY, HUMAN ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY - Ya.I. Fedoniuk 2010

ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, PATHOLOGY

CHAPTER 2. MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM (THE MECHANISM OF MOVEMENT)

GENERAL ISSUES OF THE ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM

MUSCLES AND FASCIAE OF BODY PARTS

MUSCLES AND FASCIAE OF THE NECK

TOPOGRAPHIC AND ANATOMICAL STRUCTURES OF THE NECK

The following regions are distinguished in the neck:

1. Anterior region - has the shape of a triangle bounded above by the Base of the Mandible, below by the jugular notch of the Sternum, and on the sides by the anterior borders of the sternocleidomastoid Muscles.

2. Sternocleidomastoid region - corresponds to the external surface of the Muscle of the same name.

3. Lateral region - has the shape of a triangle bounded by the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, the clavicle, and the lateral border of the trapezius muscle.

4. Posterior region - bounded above by the superior nuchal lines, below by a transverse line passing through the spinous process of the 7th cervical vertebra, and on the sides by the lateral borders of the trapezius muscles.

Within the anterior and lateral Regions of the neck, a series of triangles of significant practical importance are identified (Fig. 2.80).

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Fig. 2.80. Triangles of the neck region

In the anterior region:

1. Carotid triangle, trigonum caroticum, bounded posteriorly by the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, superiorly by the posterior belly of the digastric muscle, and inferiorly by the superior belly of the omohyoid muscle.

2. Omotracheal triangle, trigonum omotracheale, located between the anterior border of the omohyoid muscle and the anterior median line.

3. Submandibular triangle, trigonum submandibulare, bounded by the two bellies

of the digastric muscle and the body of the mandible. The salivary gland of the same name is located within this triangle. Another triangle is also distinguished here — the lingual triangle, trigonum linguale — which is bounded by the posterior border of the mylohyoid muscle, the posterior belly of the digastric muscle, and the Hypoglossal nerve. This triangle is known as Pirogov's triangle, through which the lingual artery passes.

In the lateral region:

1. Omotrapezoid triangle, trigonum omotrapezoideum, bounded by the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, the lateral border of the trapezius muscle, and the inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle.

2. Omoclavicular triangle, trigonum omoclaviculare, located between the clavicle, the inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle, and the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.