MEDICAL BIOLOGY, ANATOMY, HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY - Y.I. Fedoniuk 2010

ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, PATHOLOGY

SECTION 1. ORGAN. ORGAN SYSTEM. ORGANISM

CIRCULATORY DISORDERS

Normal Blood inflow, which supplies Tissues with oxygen and nutrients, and its outflow, which ensures the removal of carbon dioxide and other Metabolic waste products from tissues, are essential conditions for the normal functional state of body tissues.

Disruption of any factor maintaining normal Blood Circulation (changes in myocardial contractility, vascular wall damage, alterations in the Chemical composition of Blood and its rheological properties, etc.) leads to Circulatory Disorders, which can be either systemic or local. Systemic disorders affect the entire Organism, whereas local disorders are confined to specific PARTS OF THE body, such as individual Organs and tissues. Systemic circulatory disorders include those caused by dysfunctions of The Heart, vascular wall, or the entire Vascular System, body-wide Changes in the volume and quality of blood, the state of skeletal Muscles, venous Valves, as well as the presence of negative pressure in the thoracic Veins.

The causes of systemic circulatory disorders also include diseases of The vascular system (atherosclerosis, Hypertension), Lungs (pneumosclerosis of various etiologies), and Central Nervous system disorders (e.g., in Shock or collapse).

Local circulatory disorders in specific body parts or organs are accompanied by changes in tissue blood volume (local hyperemia and ischemia), escape of blood from the vascular lumen (Hemorrhage), increased blood clotting (thrombosis), transport of various particulates by the bloodstream (embolism), cessation of blood flow (stasis), and The Development of infarctions.



Last update: 08/08/2026

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