ZOOLOGY OF CHORDATES STUDY GUIDE - Zakharenko M.O. - 2015
CHAPTER 2. SUBPHYLUM VERTEBRATES, OR CRANIATES -VERTEBRATA, SEU CRANIATA
2.2. Identification of cyclostomes
Class="center">
1. General characteristics of cyclostomes.
2. External Structure of cyclostomes.
3. STRUCTURE OF THE integument in cyclostomes.
4. Digestive System of cyclostomes.
5. Respiratory system of cyclostomes.
6. Excretory system of cyclostomes.
7. Circulatory system OF cyclostomes.
8. Nervous System of cyclostomes.
9. Reproductive System of cyclostomes.
10. Structure of the cyclostome larva.
11. Lifestyles of cyclostomes.
12. Reproduction and development.
13. Significance of cyclostomes in nature and human life.
14. Structural Features of lampreys.
15. Structural features of hagfishes.
16. Structure of the lamprey oral apparatus.
19. Significance of cyclostomes in nature and human life.
20. Comparative structural CHARACTERISTICS OF THE lancelet and the ammocoete
21. Comparative characteristics of the respiratory system in lampreys and hagfishes.
22. Comparative characteristics of The Nervous System in lancelets and lampreys.
23. Comparative characteristics of the excretory system in lancelets and lampreys.
24. Sensory Organs in cyclostomes.
25. Eye structure and mechanisms of accommodation in fish.
26. STRUCTURE AND Functions of the lateral line.
27. Comparative characteristics of the Skeleton in lancelets, lampreys, and fish
Last update: 19/08/2026
Editorial and Educational Adaptation: This material has been compiled based on the primary/original source text. The project team performed an editorial review, corrected technical inaccuracies, structured sections, and adapted the content for an educational format.
What was processed:
- elimination of formatting defects (OCR errors, structural breaks, corrupted characters);
- editorial organization of content;
- standardization of terminology in accordance with academic sources;
- verification of factual statements against the original source text.
All mentions of the author, publication year, and origin of the primary text have been preserved in accordance with the source.