Operative Surgery and Topographic Anatomy - 2016

Module 1. Introduction to Topographic Anatomy and Operative Surgery. Topographic Anatomy and Operative Surgery of the Head and Neck

   Topic 1. Introductory Class. Basic Surgical Technique

   Topic 2. Topographic Anatomy of the Cerebral Head. Boundaries, External Landmarks. Head Shape, Age-Related Features. Regional Division: Frontoparietooccipital, Temporal, and Mastoid Regions. Layers of the Scalp, Fascial Spaces, Blood Supply, Innervation, Lymphatic Drainage. Primary Surgical Debridement of Cranial Wounds. Antrotomy

   Topic 3. Base of the Skull: External and Internal Surfaces. Cranial Fossae and Their Contents. Topography of the Meninges and Dural Venous Sinuses. Kroenlein-Brussova-Yegorov Craniocerebral Topography Scheme. Craniotomy

   Topic 4. Topographic Anatomy of the Facial Head. Regional Division. Lateral Facial Region: Parotid-Masseteric Region (Parotid Gland, Facial Nerve). Deep Facial Region. Temporopterygoid and Interpterygoid Fascial Spaces According to N.I. Pirogov. Anterior Facial Region: Orbital Region, Nose, Paranasal Sinuses, Oral Region, Chin. Parapharyngeal and Retropharyngeal Fascial Spaces. Operations on the Paranasal Sinuses. Incisions for Facial Phlegmons and Retropharyngeal Abscesses. Primary Surgical Debridement of Facial Wounds

   Topic 5. Topographic Anatomy of the Neck. General Overview. Boundaries of the Neck. Regional Division. Fasciae and Interfascial Spaces. Medial Triangle of the Neck. Suprahyoid Region, Submandibular and Submental Triangles. Submandibular Salivary Gland. Pirogov's Triangle. Infrahyoid Region. Carotid Triangle Region. Vessels and Nerves. Sternocleidomastoid Region. Incisions for Cervical Phlegmon. Exposure of the Internal Jugular Vein, External and Common Carotid Arteries. Vagosympathetic Blockade According to A.V. Vishnevsky and M.N. Burdenko

   Topic 6. Topographic Anatomy of the Neck. Organs of the Neck: Cervical Parts of the Trachea and Esophagus, Blood Supply and Innervation. Branches of the Cervical Plexus. Lateral Triangle of the Neck. Prevertebral, Interscalene, and Scalenovertebral Fascial Spaces. Tracheostomy. Complications and Errors in Tracheostomy. Intubation. Operations on the Cervical Esophagus. Subtotal Subfascial Thyroidectomy According to O.B. Nikolaev

Module 2. Topographic Anatomy and Operative Surgery of the Regions and Organs of the Thoracic Cavity

   Topic 7. Topographic Anatomy of the Thoracic Wall. Soft Tissue Layers. Breast (Mammary Gland): Blood Supply, Innervation, Lymphatic Drainage. Intercostal Spaces (Arteries, Veins, Nerves). Pleura. Breast Operations. Thoracentesis (Pleural Puncture). Rib Resection

   Topic 8. Topographic Anatomy of the Thoracic Cavity. Lungs. Mediastinal Organs. Surgical Approaches to the Lungs. Pneumonectomy. Lobectomy, Segmentectomy. Topography of the Thoracic Esophagus

   Topic 9. Topographic Anatomy of the Thoracic Cavity. Topography of the Heart and Pericardium. Surgical Approaches to the Heart. Congenital and Acquired Heart Defects, Their Surgical Treatment. Mitral Commissurotomy. Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG). Heart Transplantation

Module 3. Topographic Anatomy and Operative Surgery of the Regions and Organs of the Abdominal Cavity

   Topic 10. Surgical Anatomy of the Anterolateral Abdominal Wall. Regional Division. Layered Structure. Blood Supply, Innervation, Lymphatic Drainage. Surgical Approaches to Abdominal Organs, Their Anatomical and Physiological Rationale. Classification of Hernias

   Topic 11. Inguinal Region. Inguinal Canal, Operations for Inguinal Hernias. Surgical Treatment of Congenital, Strangulated, and Sliding Hernias

   Topic 12. Femoral Canal. Operations for Femoral Hernias. Surgical Treatment of Strangulated Femoral Hernias. Potential Complications. Hernias of the Linea Alba, Umbilical Hernias

   Topic 13. Topographic Anatomy of the Abdominal Cavity. Peritoneal Relations to Abdominal Organs. Peritoneal Canals, Recesses, and Spaces, and Their Significance. Pathways of Spread of Inflammatory Processes

   Topic 14. Topographic Anatomy of the Abdominal Cavity. Topography of the Stomach, Liver, Gallbladder, and Biliary Tract. Blood Supply, Innervation, Lymphatic Drainage

   Topic 15. Topographic Anatomy of the Abdominal Cavity. Topographic Anatomy of the Small and Large Intestines, Pancreas, and Spleen. Syntopy, Blood Supply, Innervation, and Lymphatic Drainage of These Organs

   Topic 16. Intestinal Sutures. Closure of Small Intestine Wounds. Small Bowel Resection. Types of Intestinal Anastomoses: End-to-End, Side-to-Side, Enteroenterostomy, End-to-Side

   Topic 17. Operations on the Stomach. Incision, Suturing. Gastric Fistula, Gastrointestinal Anastomoses. Principles of Gastric Resection, Organ-Preserving Operations (Vagotomy), Drainage Procedures

   Topic 18. Operations on the Liver and Biliary Tract, Closure of Liver Wounds, Liver Suturing. Cholecystectomy, Choledochotomy. Approaches to the Pancreas. Splenectomy

   Topic 19. Operations on the Large Intestine. Appendectomy. Methods of Stump Management. Retrograde Appendectomy. Formation of a Fecal Fistula. Hemicolectomy (Principles of the Operation)

   Topic 20. Final Modular Control of Students' Theoretical and Practical Training