Intensive Care of Acute Poisoning - A. V. Hovenko 2010

General characteristics of acute poisoning
Exotoxic shock
Hemodynamic changes in exotoxic shock

Exotoxic Shock, which is observed in the majority of severe acute intoxications, is among the early cardiovascular disorders that occur during the toxigenic phase of poisoning. This type of shock state is invariably accompanied by severe Impairment of the Circulatory system. Hemodynamic disorders are characterized by significant alterations in systemic Circulation, Regional Blood Flow, and microcirculation. Combined, these disturbances lead to impaired tissue perfusion and The Development of circulatory Hypoxia, which ultimately determines the course and outcome of the shock state.

Pronounced systemic Circulatory Disorders develop within the first few hours of acute severe exogenous poisoning. Hypovolemia occurs, characterized by a decreased volume of circulating blood and plasma, an elevated hematocrit level (with the most severe hemoconcentration observed in poisonings with caustic agents and dichloroethane), a lowered central venous pressure (CVP), and a reduction in both stroke volume and Cardiac Output. Clinically, this manifests as a drop in blood pressure, Skin pallor, tachycardia, dyspnea, and the development of decompensated metabolic acidosis.

Exotoxic shock is accompanied by a redistribution of blood typical of specific types of poisoning. In acute intoxications caused by caustic liquids and chlorinated Hydrocarbons, blood pooling occurs in the abdominal Organs. In poisonings with organophosphates (OP), blood accumulates in the Muscles of the extremities. In cases of poisoning by hypnotics and psychotropic drugs, blood is sequestered in the pulmonary tissue.

Thus, even in the Cytology/cytology/16.html">Early stages of shock caused by Acute Poisoning, numerous and diverse hemocirculatory disorders develop across various functional levels of the circulatory system.



Last update: 08/08/2026

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