Human Anatomy and Physiology - N. I. Fedyukovich 2003

Internal Organs
Respiratory System

The Respiratory system comprises Organs that perform conducting (Oral Cavity, nasopharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi) and respiratory, or gas-exchange (Lungs), Functions.

The primary function of the respiratory organs is to facilitate gas exchange between the air and the Blood via the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide across the walls of the pulmonary alveoli into the blood capillaries. Additionally, the respiratory organs are involved in phonation, Olfaction, The production of certain hormone-like substances, lipid and Water-Salt METABOLISM, and the Maintenance of the body's Immunity.

Within the airways, inhaled air is cleansed, humidified, and warmed, and olfactory, thermal, and mechanical stimuli are perceived.

A characteristic feature of the airway Structure is the presence of a cartilaginous framework in their walls, which prevents them from collapsing. The inner surface of the respiratory tract is covered by a mucous membrane lined with ciliated epithelium and containing A large number of mucus-secreting glands. The cilia of the epithelial Cells, beating against the airflow, expel foreign bodies along with the mucus.



Last update: 08/08/2026

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