MEDICAL BIOLOGY, ANATOMY, HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY - Ya.I. Fedoniuk 2010

ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, PATHOLOGY

CHAPTER 7. THE NUTRITIONAL PROCESS AND ITS PATHOLOGY

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE DIGESTIVE ORGANS

LARGE INTESTINE

4. CONCEPT OF GASTRIC AND DUODENAL INTUBATION, GASTROSCOPY, RECTOSIGMOIDOSCOPY, AND COPROGRAM

Gastric intubation is an examination method in which a gastric tube is passed through the Mouth (or inferior nasal meatus) and Esophagus into The Stomach cavity. Indications for this Procedure include aspiration of gastric contents, collection of gastric juice, decompression, gastric lavage, and patient feeding.

During duodenal intubation, a duodenal tube is inserted through the mouth and esophagus into the duodenum. This manipulation is performed to determine the quantity and quality of Bile in portions A, B, and C, as well as to detect mucus, microorganisms, leukocytes, erythrocytes, Cholesterol crystals, and bilirubin.

Gastroscopy is performed using a flexible gastroscope with a mouthpiece, introduced through the mouth and esophagus into the stomach. This diagnostic method is used when gastric neoplasms or malignant transformation of an ulcer or polyp are suspected, as well as to clarify the Diagnosis of PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE. Gastroscopy allows for a detailed examination of the anterior and posterior walls, the greater and lesser curvatures, and the Cytology/practical/108.html">Fundus of the stomach.

Rectosigmoidoscopy is performed using a rectosigmoidoscope, which is inserted through the anus into the lumen of the rectum. The examination is conducted to obtain objective data on the condition of the rectal and sigmoid mucosa, and when malignant neoplasms, polyps, or ulcerative processes are suspected.

A coprogram is obtained through microscopic examination of stool samples. It provides data on the presence of Muscle fibers, Connective Tissue, Fatty acids and soaps, plant fiber, starch, detritus, epithelium, erythrocytes, leukocytes, unicellular organisms, helminths, and their eggs.