MEDICAL BIOLOGY, HUMAN ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY - Ya.I. Fedoniuk 2010

ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, PATHOLOGY

SECTION 2. MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM (THE MECHANICS OF MOVEMENT)

SKELETON OF THE TRUNK

2. THORAX

The Thorax is formed by 12 pairs of Ribs, the unpaired Sternum (breastbone), and the thoracic vertebrae (Fig. 2.42).

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Fig. 2.41. Vertebral Column: a - lateral view; b - anterior view; I - cervical region; II - thoracic region; III - lumbar region; IV - sacral region; V - coccygeal region; 1,3 - cervical and lumbar lordoses; 2,4 - thoracic and sacral kyphoses.



Last update: 08/08/2026

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