Botany - B.E. Yakubenko 2017

Part Three. The Plant Kingdom (Plantae)
Chapter IX. Division Angiosperms, or Flowering Plants (Angiospermae, Magnoliophyta)
Laboratory Session. Topic 14.46. Rose family (Rosaceae)

General Remarks. The rose family (Rosaceae) encompasses various life forms, including trees, shrubs, and herbs, mostly characterized by alternate leaves with stipules. The flowers are actinomorphic, 4- to 5-merous, with a double perianth, sometimes featuring an epicalyx. There are numerous stamens and one or many carpels. The receptacle is cup-shaped, flat, concave, or convex, and is referred to as a hypanthium. All floral Organs, except the gynoecium, are attached to the rim of the receptacle, and the Ovary may be superior, inferior, or half-inferior. The fruits are diverse—follicles, drupes, achenes, nutlets, capsules, either aggregate or single, true or false. The Practical significance of the family lies in its important fruit, medicinal, and ornamental crops.

When studying Representatives of the rose family, attention should be paid to The Structure of the gynoecium and the receptacle. In all members of the family, the receptacle is expanded and formed with the participation of the bases of the sepals, petals, stamens, and sometimes the epicalyx. Unlike the buttercup family (Ranunculaceae), flower specialization in Rosaceae proceeded through The Development of adaptations for Seed and Fruit dispersal. A progressive feature of the Rosaceae is the presence of an inferior ovary in certain species (such as apple and pear).

Objects:

1. Bird cherry (Раdus аvium Mill.)

2. Sour cherry (Сеrasus vulgaris Мill.)

3. Hoary cinquefoil (Рotentilla агgentea L.)

4. Water avens (Geum rivale L.)

5.Wood avens (Geum urbanum L.)

6. Wild strawberry (Fragaria vesca L.)

Tasks:

1. Examine The Diversity of plants within the family, perform a written morphological analysis, and identify the plants.

2. Study the morphological analysis and plant identification using the example of

bird cherry.

3. Learn the CHARACTERISTICS OF THE rose family.

4. Compare the Characteristic Features of the rose family and the buttercup family.

Equipment and Materials: MBR-1 or Violam microscopes, magnifying glasses, razors, tweezers, scalpels, herbarium and fresh material, dissecting needles, and other accessories.

Macroscopic study of Rosaceae. Begin your Study of the plant by analyzing its morphological structure. Bird cherry is a woody plant with simple, alternate leaves folded lengthwise in the buds. The flowers are bisexual, white. There are five petals and five sepals; the calyx is slightly pubescent at the base. There are many stamens, a single pistil, and a superior ovary. The inflorescence is a raceme. The fruit is a juicy, fleshy drupe.

Begin the plant identification by determining the family.

Identification path for the family: 1, 9—, 15—, 178—, 179—, 185—, 192, 193—, 205. Rosaceae — Rosaceae.

Identification path for the genus: 1, 2—, 14, 15. Bird cherry (Раdus). Identification path for the species: 1, 2—, 3. Bird cherry (Раdus аvium Mill.).

Conclusions. When studying members of the rose family, it is appropriate to compare them with the Ranunculaceae. The Rosaceae are represented by woody and herbaceous species. Their leaves have stipules, the flower is always regular, with a double perianth, of the 5-merous type, and in some species (such as strawberries), the calyx includes an epicalyx. The receptacle is convex, flat, or cup-shaped. The perianth elements and the androecium are attached to the edges of the receptacle. There are numerous stamens, as in the Ranunculaceae, but they are arranged in whorls with a fixed number in each.

Ovary types: superior, inferior, or half-inferior. Fruits are dry and fleshy, true and false.

The Rosaceae are rather complexly structured plants. They include representatives in which some have a definite number of elements per whorl (4–5), but with many whorls, resulting in a large total number of floral parts. Others have numerous pistils on a convex receptacle, while some possess only a single pistil. Based on ovary structure, they include species with superior, half-inferior, and inferior Ovaries. Consequently, according to these features, the Rosaceae occupy an intermediate position between primitively structured and highly organized taxa.

Class="center">Self-control questions

1. What is the receptacle called in the Rosaceae?

2. What types of leaves are characteristic of plants of this family?

3. Which family do plants with stipulate leaves belong to?

4. Name the features that characterize the flower of Ranunculaceae and Rosaceae.

5. What types of fruits do Rosaceae have?

6. What is the practical importance of Rosaceae?

7. Name the most common fruit-bearing plants belonging to the Rosaceae family.

8. Name the ornamental plants belonging to this family.

9. Name the plant species that are aquatic or semi-aquatic.